Navel orange is different from ordinary sweet orange, and generally has the following characteristics: stamen degeneration, pollen abortion, low fruit setting rate and low yield.
Easier to peel, crisp and tender, sweet.
Poor resistance. (The stress resistance of plants refers to some traits that plants have to resist adverse environment; Such as cold resistance, drought resistance, salt tolerance and pest resistance. )
Because of the large amount of flowers, cultivation requires more fertilizer and water than ordinary sweet oranges. Newhall navel orange originated in the United States, and was bred by bud mutation of China navel orange. Newhall navel orange can completely adapt to the local climate and geographical environment. Navel orange grows vigorously, with short and dense branches, dark green leaves, orange-red fruit color, smooth fruit surface, oval to oblong fruit, closed navel, tender and crisp pulp and sweet taste. The average weight of a single fruit is 300-350g, and the maximum weight is over 750g.
Newhall navel orange has a short input-output cycle. Generally, it can be produced in the third year after planting. Adult fruit trees over four years old have an average yield of 2,500-3,000 kilograms per mu and a life span of 40-50 years. Its economic benefits are very considerable.
Newhall navel orange is native to the United States. It is made from the bud of Washington navel orange in Duarte, California. Introduced to China from 65438 to 0978, it gradually developed into one of the main varieties because of its beautiful appearance, early maturity and excellent quality. Navel oranges are planted in major producing provinces and cities, and there are many in Gannan, Jiangxi, Zigui, Hubei and Fengjie, Chongqing.
Newhall grows vigorously, the trees stretch, and the crown is oblate or round. The top of the tree is short and dense, and the leaves are dark. The results are a little later than those of Penna navel orange and Robertson navel orange. The fruit is long oval or short oval, orange-red and beautiful. The weight of a single fruit is 250-350g, and the maximum weight is 750g. The fruit shape index is about 1. 1. Newhall (No.2) imported from Spain is slightly longer than Newhall (No.2 ~ No.8) imported from the United States, and its maturity is slightly earlier. The top of the fruit is slightly convex, with umbilicus, mostly closed umbilicus.
The epidermis is smooth, with a thickness of 0.42 ~ 0.55 cm, which is not easy to peel off and has obvious fragrance. The pulp is tender, crisp, slag-melting, juicy, 9 ~ 13, irregular, kidney-shaped, slightly difficult to separate; The juice cells are orange-yellow, neatly arranged, sweet and sour, with rich flavor, strong aroma and excellent quality. Edible rate is 73% ~ 75%, soluble solids ≥ 12%, and solid-acid ratio ≥ 12.5. Vitamin c 46.55 ~ 64.0 mg/100 ml. Newhall generally matures in the middle and late period of 1 1. It began to bear fruit in three years, and the yield per mu can reach 2000 ~ 3000 Jin after planting in Gannan four years later.
Because the fruit shape of this variety is basically the same, oval or goose egg-shaped, it is similar to the navel orange of Sunkist Company in the United States, with high quality and high yield, and the market prospect is very promising. It is one of the main navel orange varieties cultivated commercially in China. 1989 participated in the national appraisal of high-quality agricultural products, and the Newhall sample fruits sent by Zigui, Hubei and Xinfeng, Jiangxi all won the Golden Cup Award for High-quality Fruits of the Ministry of Agriculture. 1995 10 at the second national agricultural Expo held in Beijing, the navel orange fresh fruits "Newhall" and "Weilina" selected by the Agricultural Bureau of Leibo County, Sichuan Province both won gold medals. In 2008, at the first China Midwest Characteristic Agricultural Products Fair, Gannan navel orange, represented by Newhall selected by Gannan, was well received by experts for its sweet taste, beautiful appearance, excellent fruit and standardized techniques such as seedling breeding, fertilization and fruit storage, and was unanimously elected as the "Best Selling Gold Award" at the first China Midwest Characteristic Agricultural Products Fair. Penna navel orange, also known as Skegersbona, is a branch of Washington navel orange, which is native to California, USA. Introduced from China 1978, Chongqing, Sichuan.
Cultivated in Qing, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi and other provinces (cities, districts).
Its main characteristics are as follows: 1. The tree body is thick, the crown is medium and large, and the tree shape is similar to Robertson navel orange. Second, the fruit is large, weighing about 180 g, seedless, short oval or inverted cone, smooth surface and orange. Third, the quality is excellent, the meat is crisp and tender, the residue is sweet and sour, and the flavor is rich. Edible rate is above 75%, juice yield is 50%, soluble solid content 12% ~ 13%, sugar content is 8.5 ~ 9.0g/ 100ml, and acid content is 0.8 ~ 0.9g/66. 4. The fruit 1 1 ripens in the middle and late period, and is more resistant to storage. Fifth, high output and wide adaptability. Its basic characters are similar to Robertson navel orange, but higher than Robertson navel orange. Fruiting began in the third year, and the four-year average yield per plant was 1 1.8 kg. Pengna navel orange is a popular variety with high quality, early fruiting, high yield and wide adaptability. Origin: Xiaolan Shen navel orange is native to California, USA, and is most cultivated in Spain in the world. 1979 was introduced to China and cultivated in Sichuan, Chongqing, Fujian, Xinning, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces.
Features: First, the tree is weak, short and compact, with flat crown, short and thick branches and dense growth.
Second, the fruit is obovate or oval, weighing 170 ~ 230g, seedless, with narrow base and many branches, but easy to break, short ditch, orange-red fruit surface and smooth peel.
Third, it has excellent quality, crisp and tender meat, sweet taste, edible rate of 79% ~ 80%, juice yield of 5 1%, soluble solids1%~13%, and sugar content of 8 ~ 9/100 ml.
4. The fruit 1 1 ripens in the middle and late period, and is more resistant to storage.
Fifth, the yield is high, and the yield of 6-year-old trees is 9 ~ 12 kg. Xiaolan Shen navel orange has high quality and high yield, which can be developed appropriately in suitable planting areas. The navel orange in Xinning, Hunan Province can be stored until June of the following year, and the meat quality is still crisp and tender. Also known as American navel orange, baby orange, seedless orange and Citi orange. Brazil, native to South America, is mainly produced in the United States, Australia and other countries. It is widely cultivated in Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places in China, and a small amount is also planted in southern provinces. Its main features are: semi-circular crown; The fruit is large and weighs about180 ~ 200g. The top of the fruit is often conical and has an umbilical cord, which is closed or open. The pericarp is orange-yellow, with uneven thickness, thin top, large oil cells, sparse and prominent, capsule petals are kidney-shaped, 10 ~ 12 petals, and the central column is large and semi-full; The juice cell is crisp, juicy and sweet, with soluble solids of 1 1% ~ 15%, sugar content of 8g ~ 12g/ 100ml and acid content of 0.9 ~1.0g/. 1 1 is mature in the middle and late stage, and its storage resistance is not very strong. China navel orange is big and beautiful, with good quality and cold tolerance. However, due to the sterility of stamens, there are few pollen, and the flowers and fruits fall seriously. General output is extremely low. Therefore, we can consider developing in low-temperature and dry climate areas and strengthening cultivation management, which can still improve the yield. The buds of Washington navel orange turned white, and the crown of Niha navel orange in Bachillat was round and the tree was vigorous. The fruit is spherical or oval, slightly smaller than Washington navel orange. The weight of single fruit is170 ~180g, and the umbilicus is mostly closed. The fruit color is orange-red, the peel is thin, the flesh is crisp and tender, the slag is melted, the juice is abundant, and the quality is good. Baihainingha navel orange is the main navel orange variety planted in Brazil. Because it is suitable for fresh fruit sales, it has developed rapidly.
Oberholser navel orange is cultivated from the nucellar system of Washington navel orange, which is a South African strain with a round crown, spreading trees and spherical fruits. The navel is not obvious, the weight of single fruit is more than 180 g, the fruit color is orange, the meat is crisp and tender, the taste is sweet, and the fruit is storable. 10 ripens in the middle and late months of 10, bears early fruits and has high yield, and is suitable for planting in the climate of high temperature and high humidity in summer. Zigui is a famous "hometown of navel oranges in China". Zigui navel orange, produced in Qu Yuan's hometown, is deeply welcomed and loved by consumers with its long history, rich varieties, unique quality and famous brand. Zigui has thus become the birthplace of orange ode culture, China Navel Orange Boutique Park and Citrus Variety Expo Park.
-planting has a long history. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet and world cultural celebrity, wrote a chapter of Ode to Oranges, praising Zigui Citrus as a beautiful tree between heaven and earth.
-The size of the base. There are 12 townships, 135 villages, 603 groups and 50,000 farmers in the county, and140,000 people grow navel oranges. By the end of 20 12, the total area of Zigui navel orange reached 250,000 mu, with an output of 250,000 tons, and the annual comprehensive industrial benefit exceeded 654.38 billion yuan. There are 7 townships in the county, with an area of over 10,000 mu and an output of over 10,000 tons. There are more than 0/00 navel orange villages, including more than 60 villages with an annual output of more than 0/000 tons, and more than 2,000 orange farmers with an annual output of more than 0/0 tons. Guojiaba Town, Guizhou Town, Shuitianba Township, Shazhenxi Town and Lianghekou Town are the concentrated navel orange producing areas in our county.
-the quality of varieties has improved. Zigui is located in the Three Gorges Valley of the Yangtze River, with beautiful scenery, unique climate, suitable soil, fresh air, clean water, rich vegetation and superior ecological environment, which has created Zigui navel orange with thin skin, fresh color, juicy meat, rich flavor, sweet and sour taste. The soluble solid content of Zigui navel orange is 12- 15%. Every 100 ml of fruit juice contains11-0/3g of sugar, 0.6-0.9g of acid and 50-60mg of vitamin C, which is rich in protein. Eating Zigui navel orange will add points to health. The county has 1 national citrus seed breeding test station, and reserves more than 80 kinds of citrus seeds. The main varieties are Newhall, Wan Lun, Red Meat, first frost, Zaohong and other excellent varieties, forming a good pattern of fresh fruit listed in four seasons.
-Industrialization of operation. The county implements the industrialization development model of "leading enterprises+professional cooperatives+bases+farmers", which can carry out photoelectric grading packaging and refrigeration on navel orange fresh fruit, and produce navel orange wine, navel orange tea, navel orange sauce, navel orange vinegar, pectin, dietary fiber, essential oil, synephrine and other series of deep-processed products. There are more than 80 navel orange production and marketing cooperatives, more than 40 postpartum commercial processing enterprises and more than 200 brokers in the county, with advanced automatic production lines and more than 40 sets of mechanized waxing, grading and packaging equipment, with an annual processing capacity of more than 200,000 tons. More than 80 direct sales windows have been set up in major cities in China, and Zigui navel orange sales office has been set up in Dubai. Products are sold to 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, more than 50 large and medium-sized cities, and exported to Russia, Singapore and other countries and Hong Kong and Macao.
-Product brand. Zigui navel orange has won many titles of excellent products of Ministry and province and gold medal of agricultural fair, and won more than 60 honors and awards at or above the provincial level. It was awarded the titles of "Famous Trademark in Hubei Province" and "Three Famous Fruits in Hubei Province" by Hubei Province, and was awarded the honors of "Famous Fruits in China", "Famous Brand in China", "Famous Agricultural Products in China" and "201,20 12 China's most influential regional public brand of agricultural products" by relevant state departments. In 2006, Zigui navel orange was successfully registered as a collective trademark, and was approved as a geographical indication protection product and allowed to use the green food logo. Zigui navel orange special program was broadcast in CCTV prime time program, and Zigui navel orange brand has become a beautiful business card in Zigui, enjoying a high reputation in China.
During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, Zigui will thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, seize various development opportunities, actively change the agricultural development mode, and build a perfect modern citrus industry system. Strive to achieve an area of 300,000 mu by 2065.438+05 (including 6.5438+10,000 mu of late-maturing navel oranges), with an output of 350,000 tons and a comprehensive output value of 5 billion yuan, and build Zigui into a "national high-quality navel orange planting demonstration area, the largest navel orange deep-processing park and the national high-quality late-maturing navel orange demonstration base". Vakerman Navel Orange is a very late-maturing mutant bred from Washington Navel Orange in Florida, USA, which is native to the United States. The crown is round, the tree is medium, the fruit is round, and the weight of a single fruit is180 ~ 200g. Fruits can be stored in trees for a long time.
Vakerman navel orange can be used as an ornamental variety of navel orange and planted in the courtyard to beautify the environment. Gannan navel orange is named for two reasons: First, due to its unique soil conditions, Gannan navel orange is large and straight, orange-red, bright and beautiful, with an edible rate of 74%, crisp and tender meat, sweet flavor, juice content of more than 55%, soluble solids content of more than 14%, and the highest can reach 16. Compared with American navel orange, the soluble solid content is 1 ~ 2 percentage points higher, and compared with Japanese navel orange, the soluble solid content is 1 ~ 3 percentage points higher. Because of its excellent quality, rich flavor and aroma, it is very popular, so consumers call Gannan navel orange.
Gannan navel orange has been highly praised and affirmed by famous people, experts and relevant state departments at home and abroad for its large size, bright orange-red, smooth and beautiful appearance, crisp meat and sweet and rich flavor. Because farmers have achieved good economic benefits by planting navel oranges, they have found a good way to get rid of poverty and become rich and run a well-off society. In addition, overseas merchants are optimistic about Gannan navel orange to further promote the development of the industry. In order to facilitate sales, enter the big market and participate in international and domestic market competition, they consciously named the local navel orange "Gannan navel orange".
Gannan navel orange, a specialty of Gannan. Gannan navel orange fruit is large and straight, orange red is bright and bright, the edible rate is 85%, the meat is crisp and tender, the residue is melted, the flavor is sweet, and the juice content is over 55%. Gannan navel orange has an annual output of one million tons. Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province has become the world's largest navel orange planting area, the third largest navel orange producing area in the world and the largest navel orange producing area in China. Gannan navel orange has been listed as one of the eleven dominant agricultural products in China, which is a national geographical indication protection product and won the honorary title of "China Famous Fruit".
1987, Pengna Navel Orange in Xinfeng County participated in the National Orange Pomelo Competition and won the title of "National Excellent".
65438-0989 Newhall navel orange in Xinfeng county was awarded the title of "excellent agricultural product" by the Ministry of Agriculture.
200 1, Xinfeng Navel Orange won the "Green Food" Class A Award of China Green Food Development Center.
200 1, Xunwu Navel Orange was awarded the "Quality Fruit" certificate by the Citrus and Seedling Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture.
In 2002, Anyuan navel orange pollution-free base demonstration county officially passed the national acceptance.
From June 24th to1October 29th, 2000, Wang Xiaobing, deputy director of Economic Work Department of Plant Management Department of Ministry of Agriculture, Professor Sun Zhonghai, director of Citrus Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University, and Deng Lie, assistant researcher of the director of Citrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and others visited Gannan to inspect navel orange production, and put forward the investigation report "Gannan: the hope of citrus in China after China's entry into WTO".
200 1, 1 1, Liu Xinlu, deputy director of the Department of Planting Management of the Ministry of Agriculture, said in his speech at the 20001annual academic meeting of the Chinese Citrus Society held in Ganzhou: "Ganzhou is a new citrus (navel orange) base with the most development potential and hope in China, and hopes to make Gannan navel orange bigger and stronger and become a world-famous brand.
200 1 Deng Xiuxin, vice president of Huazhong Agricultural University and chairman of China Citrus Society, and Dr. Sun Zhonghai, director of Citrus Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University, came to Gannan to inspect navel orange production, and thought that "Ganzhou is the region with the best site conditions for navel orange development in China and the most promising area to become the main navel orange base". "Gannan is a new citrus (navel orange) producing area in China and the largest navel orange producing area in China. It can form a base higher than navel oranges in the United States, Spain and other countries. "
20011.20 Chen, Peng Ji, Chairman and Vice Chairman of China Citrus Society, and over 30 members of China Citrus Society/kloc-0, after in-depth investigation in Xunwu, Anyuan, Xinfeng and other navel orange producing counties, unanimously evaluated "China navel orange hopes to be in Gannan", and took Chinese citrus as an example.
On March 22, 2002, at the National Conference on Citrus and Apple Planning held by the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Gannan navel orange producing area and Three Gorges citrus producing area were listed as the national development plan of advantageous industries.
On February 12, 2003, the Ministry of Agriculture officially issued the Regional Layout Plan of Advantageous Agricultural Products (2003-2007), which listed Gannan as an advantageous industrial zone in southern Jiangxi and northern Guangxi, and will become an important production base of fresh navel oranges in China.
In 2009, the first China (Ganzhou) International Navel Orange Festival and the first China (Ganzhou) New Rural TV Art Festival were held in Ganzhou. The event was jointly sponsored by China Television Artists Association, Jiangxi Provincial Department of Agriculture, Jiangxi Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Ganzhou Municipal Committee and Ganzhou Municipal People's Government.
2012165438+128 October, the 4th Ganzhou International Navel Orange Festival opened in Golden Square, Ganzhou, and the scale of this Navel Orange Festival is larger than the previous ones. The main venue is in the city sports center.
Plain thorn orange
The best in plain navel orange-plain thorn orange. 65,438+0,600 years ago, Cheng Lian, the humanistic ancestor of Hakka people and one of the outstanding representatives of Hakka sages in the world, traveled thousands of miles from the Central Plains, took root in the official nest of Bart Pingyuan, actively spread the culture of the Central Plains, taught advanced farming techniques, took the lead in establishing public welfare, transformed mountains and rivers, educated villages and changed customs. Xiao Daocheng named his county "Chengxiang County" because his virtue was appreciated by Xiao Daocheng, the emperor of Southern Qi Dynasty. "Ci Orange" is named because it hopes to combine the excellent quality of Pingyuan Ci Orange with Pingyuan's "German" culture and "Harmony" culture, so that the tasters can share the sweetness of Ci Orange and feel the kindness of love, care and health. From navel orange to Ci orange, although it is only a word difference, it contains the appeal that can make great changes in the market position: the humanistic factors attached to the product-kindness and affection, have created a cultural gap in the market, making Ci orange stand out in the market competition.
In order to make this navel orange the best, Pingyuan County will choose 1 10,000 mu high-quality navel orange as the first batch of demonstration bases of Pingyuan Ci Orange in Chagan, Renju, Bachi, Shangju and Dazhe, and carry out cultivation and management according to the standards of organic high-quality fruits. After harvesting at the end of 2065, Pingyuan Ci Orange will be screened at 438+02, named "Pingyuan Ci Orange" and officially listed.
After years of development, the planting scale of Pingyuan navel orange has reached 654.38+10,000 mu, with a total output of nearly 70,000 tons. Pingyuan navel orange is sold to Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other major cities in China, and exported to Singapore, Malaysia and other countries, and has also become the designated navel orange supplier of many large supermarkets. In order to expand the external influence of Plain Navel Orange, especially to form a dislocation development with the surrounding Gannan Navel Orange, and strive for a new competitive advantage, the county will vigorously develop exquisite and efficient agriculture according to the requirements of the First Session of the Sixth National People's Congress, and build green, healthy and safe food from the aspects of base construction, planting management, procurement, storage, processing, packaging, transportation and sales in strict accordance with the national green food production standards.
According to the introduction of relevant departments, Pingyuan county has formulated the planting standard of Ci orange, which brings the pre-production, mid-production and post-production links into standardized management, and every link of base construction, planting management, procurement and storage, processing, packaging, transportation and sales is strictly implemented in accordance with the national green food production standards. In the future, the relevant departments of the county will speed up the registration of the trademark "Plain Prickly Orange" and provide it free of charge to orchards and enterprises that are produced according to standards and whose quality is up to standard by the agricultural department.