The Soviet-German War, that is, the war between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in World War II, is an important part of the world anti-fascist war, and it is also the largest, fiercest and most deadly battlefield in World War II.

1941On June 22nd, Nazi Germany tore up the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty (Molotov-ribbentrop Treaty), cooperated with the vassal countries Hungary, Romania and Finland, and worked out the plan code-named Barbarossa in advance. Assembled 190 divisions with 5.5 million people, 4,900 planes, 3,700 tanks, 47,000 cannons and warships 190 ships, divided into three army groups, and launched a sudden attack on the Soviet Union in the form of blitzkrieg from north, middle and south directions, and the Soviet-German war broke out in an all-round way.

At the beginning of the war, due to the sudden attack of fascism, the Soviet army was defeated all the way. With the advantage of local forces and relatively advanced tactics, the Germans marched straight into the Soviet Union and launched a pincer-like offensive in Minsk, Kiev and other places, annihilating the effective forces of the Soviet Union on a large scale, with an average depth of 600 kilometers. Until the Battle of Stalingrad broke out in June 1942, the German attack was frustrated, and the two sides were deadlocked in eastern Ukraine, with each other winning or losing.

With the advantages of manpower and material resources, the Soviet army gradually took the initiative. 1In August, 943, the last strategic offensive of the German army on the Eastern Front was defeated in the Battle of Kursk, and it entered the stage of strategic counterattack. Since then, the Soviets have launched a series of strategic offensives, recovered most of the territory, then occupied many countries in Eastern Europe, and finally 1945 captured Berlin, the German capital. At 0: 30 on May 9, the German government signed an unconditional surrender in Berlin, which took effect immediately, thus ending the Soviet-German war and marking the end of World War II in Europe.

In order to win the war, the Soviet people suffered heavy casualties. According to statistics, there were more than 27 million casualties in the Soviet Union, including 8.656 million casualties in the Soviet Red Army, including 3 million prisoners, and the remaining 6.5438+0.8 million casualties were civilians. Almost every family in the country suffered casualties. The war also brought huge material losses to the Soviet Union. In the Soviet Union, 65,438+0,765,438+00 cities, more than 70,000 villages and towns and 365,438+0,850 industrial enterprises were totally or partially destroyed.

Nazi Germany consumed a large number of troops because of the war with the Soviet Union, and a large number of Germans could not withdraw from the Soviet-German battlefield, or even were wiped out in large numbers, thus extremely strongly supporting the US-British operations in North Africa and Italy and the opening of the second allied battlefield. In the end, the German main force was decisively defeated in the Soviet-German battlefield, the eastern defense line was completely broken by the Soviet Union, and the capital Berlin was conquered by the Red Army.

The losses of Nazi German armed forces in the war against the Soviet Union totaled nearly120,000. Among them, more than 3.2 million people died and 6.5438+0.6 million people were captured (excluding16.5438+0.2 million Germans who surrendered after May 9, 945). The cumulative death toll is more than 3.8 million, including 300,000 to 570,000 prisoners of war.

During the war, the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain held several meetings to discuss the post-war world planning, and finally established the Yalta system in an attempt to ensure peace among the major post-war powers.

After the war, German territory was occupied by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France, which eventually led to the split of unified Germany into two countries: the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. Germany's economy was also destroyed by World War II. It was not until the Marshall Plan after World War II that the Federal Republic of Germany received a large amount of economic assistance and the Democratic Republic of Germany completed its first five-year plan that it was restored.

Central and Eastern European countries, including East Germany, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and other countries were occupied by the Soviet Red Army to varying degrees, but Stalin did not quickly ask the local production party to take revolutionary action to seize power. On the contrary, Stalin was content to maintain the People's Front and the Coalition government to encourage local producers' parties to form alliances with other bourgeois left-wing parties in exchange for maintaining an anti-fascist alliance with capitalist powers. Therefore, we can see many strange phenomena. For example, from August 23rd, 1944 to February 30th, 1947 in Romania 1947, under the monarchy, the * * * production party and the bourgeois political party jointly ruled. However, with the deterioration of relations with the West, the Soviet Union no longer prevented the Central and Eastern Europe * * * production party from rebuilding its political power.

The allied forces carried out a planned population migration to the German-occupied areas. According to Nazi's "living space" theory, Germans who were moved into German occupied areas, as well as the German population of Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Soviet Union, were moved to Austria and the new German territory.

The Second World War brought profound changes to the world structure. Before the war, Germany, Japan, Italy and other old imperialist countries were completely defeated, and Britain and France were greatly weakened. In order to compete for the control of Europe and the world, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from the alliance during the war to confrontation, which eventually led to the Cold War.