The "ultra-leftwing" in Six Chapters of Ultra-leftwing refers to the May 7th ultra-leftwing. The May 7th Cadre School was a farm run by various localities and departments according to Mao Zedong's instructions during the Cultural Revolution in China in the last century. It is a place where cadres of party and government organs and intellectuals in scientific research, culture and education departments in China are concentrated, and they are given labor reform and ideological education.
1on may 7th, 966, Mao Zedong wrote a letter to Lin Biao after reading the report of the general logistics department on further improving the military agricultural and sideline production. In this letter, which was later called the "May 7th Directive", Mao Zedong asked all industries in China to set up "big schools". This university can "learn politics, military affairs and culture, engage in agricultural and sideline production, run some small and medium-sized factories, and produce a batch of products that it needs and products exchanged by the state at equal value". "This big school can also engage in mass work and participate in the socialist education movement in factories and rural areas ... Mao Zedong also asked the school to shorten the education system and carry out the education revolution, so as not to let the" bourgeoisie rule "the school. So, in response to Mao Zedong's call, in 1968, Heilongjiang Liuhe Cadre School was named "May 7th Cadre School", becoming the first cadre school named after this in China.
Since then, 105 May 7th Cadre School has been established in more than ten provinces and cities across the country, and 65,438+10,000 decentralized cadres, 30,000 family members and 5,000 educated youths have been repatriated and resettled successively. A large number of May 7th cadre schools have been established in various places, and many veteran cadres have been "decentralized" to work in cadre schools. "May 7th Cadre School" has therefore become a specific term in the modern history of China. This kind of cadre school is generally located in remote and poor rural areas, and the students who go to school are called "students". Regardless of seniority or rank, everyone is called "the May 7th Warrior". They were asked to live a militarized life. When they get off work, they must shout slogans and sing quotations To "ask for instructions early, report late", and sing "Long live Chairman Mao" several times a day; Even participated in camping and training. Their study content is manual labor: farming, picking manure, raising pigs, cooking, carrying water, drilling wells, building houses ... and demanding self-reliance. Many people died of diseases induced by overwork because they were overwhelmed. Until February 7th, 1979, the State Council issued the "Notice on Issues Related to Closing the May 7th Cadre School", and the May 7th Cadre School in various places was closed one after another.
"Six Chapters of Cadre School" describes that from June1969165438+10, Mr. Jiang Yang sent Mr. Qian Zhongshu to work in the May 7th Cadre School. By March 1972, Mr. Jiang Yang and Mr. Qian Zhongshu were allowed to leave the Cadre School and return to Beijing together to live in the Cadre School.
"Six Chapters of Cadre School", six articles are: 1. Do not write it down; 2. Digging wells to record labor; 3. learn to be idle; Fourth, remember the feeling of "small trend"; 5. Take risks and remember your luck; 6. The misinformation is false. Of the six, except for the first one, I don't remember leaving, but I don't remember leaving. The last one was a false biography about the return, which I remember was wrong. The other four articles explain four different things I experienced in cadre schools from different angles. Digging wells to record labor and labor to record labor; Learning nursery records leisure and records leisure; "Little Trend" remembers feelings and remembers feelings; Take risks. Remember luck, but record it.
The first of Six Chapters is Decentralization and Farewell, which writes down the feeling of leaving the cadre school and brings out the harm of political movement to human nature and life. 1969165438+10, Jiang Yang originally planned to have birthday noodles with Qian Zhongshu to celebrate his 60th birthday, but before his birthday came, Qian Zhongshu had to leave. In July of the following year, Jiang Yang also decentralized cadre schools. Farewell to Qian Zhongshu, Jiang Yang and his daughter Qian Yuan and son-in-law got one; But when Jiang Yang let go, only her daughter Qian Yuan sent her, because her son-in-law didn't want to make up a list at will to harm people, and she committed suicide in anger a month ago. Ti's suicide touched Jiang Yang so much that he dared not tell Qian Zhongshu the truth before going to school again. After the train started, I couldn't see my daughter's back outside the window. Jiang Yang wrote: "I closed my eyes again and let tears flow into my nose and stomach." When they arrived at the cadre school, Jiang Yang and Qian Zhongshu were an hour away, so they couldn't walk around at ordinary times. They can only wait until the rest day every ten days before they can walk around each other. Although we don't see each other often, "but compared with Ayuan, who is alone in Beijing, we are together."
The second record is "digging wells to record labor." Jiang Yang was assigned to the vegetable garden class. He goes out early and comes back late every day, works collectively, and participates in the work of digging wells, which gives him a feeling of "being sociable", and there is a difference between "we" and "them". "Shameless sycophants", "It doesn't rain, the sun doesn't shine" and "leaders who put on airs" are "them" and also contain so-called "bourgeois ideas"; And "we" includes all factions and people under our care. This class feeling is not based on everyone's class background, but on human nature. However, in the eyes of poor and middle peasants, "we" has become "them". Farmers are strangers to cadre school students and often steal their vegetables and crops. We are not theirs, but they are in rags and in good order, each with a big watch.
The third record is "learning to take care of children." In fact, the work of cadre schools is not too hard and monotonous, or it is the work that intellectuals such as picking urine and feces never take the initiative to contact. Jiang Yang specializes in vegetable gardens, only ten minutes away from Qian Zhongshu's dormitory. Qian Zhongshu kept the tools, and the monitor of Jiang Yang often sent her to borrow them, so, "my companions all smiled and watched me come back excitedly and borrowed them and returned them." Qian Zhongshu is a full-time correspondent who goes to the post office in the village through the vegetable garden every afternoon. "In this way, the old couple can often meet in the vegetable garden, which is far better than the couples who meet privately in the back garden in old novels and old plays." When the weather is fine, they will sit on the bank of the canal for a while and bask in the sun; Sometimes I stand and say a few words and then I leave. Qian Zhongshu intermittently wrote a letter in a few words on weekdays, and then personally handed it to Jiang Yang. Jiang Yang stayed with Qian Wen for a while, and then went back to guard the vegetable garden. "I watched his back fade away." Although the work is very tiring, the vegetable garden has become a place where talented people and beautiful women meet in Chinese drama. In this small vegetable garden, the old couple who have been with Qian Zhongshu for decades seem to have returned to Duan Qingqing when they were young. Although the daily time is not long, they are looking forward to and enjoying this time, and the old couple have returned to the state of "little couple". Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. Later, the cadre school moved and the vegetable garden was demolished. "I saw that the shack was gone and the drilling platform was gone. The irrigation canal is gone, the vegetable pit is gone, and even the flat earthen steamed bread can't be found, leaving only a white land full of garbage. "
The fourth record is "small tendency to remember feelings." Chou Xiao is a little yellow bitch. On the day when it is difficult to establish mutual trust between people, she can develop a sincere relationship with dogs. Thanks to the food relief provided by Jiang Yang and Qian Zhongshu, this emaciated puppy became their faithful friend. However, in the eyes of local poor middle peasants, dogs have only two purposes, one is to look after the home and protect the hospital, and the other is to eat. They think that pet dogs are "bourgeois ladies' playthings". Because of this, Jiang Yang is not afraid to caress "Cheng Xiao", and his attitude towards it is only faint. They later moved out of school, and dogs couldn't take them away. It is said that after they left, the puppy refused to eat, and ran and barked and looked around. Finally, Jiang Yang and Qian Zhongshu handed this "small trend" to the local People's Liberation Army and warned them from all sides. Later, Qian Zhongshu said that the dog may have "turned into a pile of excrement", while Jiang Yang thought that "it may have turned into an old bitch, picked up some excrement and had to feed a litter of puppies.
The fifth record is Adventure, which recorded three adventures. On one occasion, Jiang Yang went to see Qian Zhongshu alone on a muddy rainy day. After all kinds of hardships and adventures, Qian Zhongshu finally reached the dormitory door. Qian Zhongshu was surprised and urged Jiang Yang to go back. Jiang Yang only stayed for a while and then came back alone, so the danger on the road is self-evident. On the way back, it was thrilling. Fortunately, I arrived safely. Fortunately, the adventure was not in vain, and I met Qian Zhongshu. How much emotion does Jiang Yang's elopement contain? This kind of affection is expressed in a normal tone, which is even deeper.
The sixth record is False Biography. Once Qian Zhongshu heard that he would be sent back to Beijing, but the result was only a rumor. Jiang Yang was naturally very disappointed. She thought about whether to stay, so she asked Qian Zhongshu, wouldn't it be better if she had left the country at the beginning? Qian Zhongshu categorically said no, and he quoted Liu Yong as saying: "I don't regret my clothes, but I am haggard for Iraq." Fortunately, they were finally allowed to return to Beijing together.
Comments on a book should be analyzed in the context of the times at that time. After writing Six Chapters of Cadre School, Qian Zhongshu gave a brief introduction to the book. Qian Zhongshu thinks that one should be added to the six records, which is called "shame of sports". "ultra-leftwing life for more than two years is spent in an atmosphere of critical struggle; According to the needs of farm work, visiting and moving. The rhythm of exercise is stepped up and relaxed for a while, but it seems to be intermittent abuse, and diseases always haunt the body. Remember labor and leisure, remember that this and that are just small embellishments of this big background and small episodes of big stories. "
In fact, cadre schools are places where Jiang Yang and Qian Zhongshu put down their work and life. They are persecuted to varying degrees in body, mind, family and spirit. However, reading the whole article, we can't find a strong accusation and condemnation of this unreasonable phenomenon. There is only a peaceful tone between the lines, or at most a little helpless and euphemistic irony. Just after chewing carefully, you may taste a little bitter irony. This work embodies the aim of "complaining without anger" in China traditional literature. What happened to Jiang Yang and Qian Zhongshu, though much better than many criticized intellectuals, was a shame and a waste of talents. When Jiang Yang tells this story, there is no passionate cry, only some satire with peace and quiet. For example, the poor middle peasants described in Digging a Well for Merit still regard "we" as "them", and "Xiaoqu" does not care about "Xiaoqu" for fear of bearing the title of "bourgeois lady". It is the steadiness and peace of Six Chapters of Cadre School that enables us to reveal Mr. Jiang Yang's attitude of taking things in stride. Facing the unprecedented Cultural Revolution, he experienced all kinds of hardships and insults. After the incident, he can still live in peace, without resentment, self-pity and self-pity. Jiang Yang's "serenity" is admirable.
The Cultural Revolution was really a kind of pain and suffering for the intellectuals of their generation, such as Mr. Jiang Yang and Mr. Qian Zhongshu. For example, wearing a top hat and hanging a board was criticized, shaved, cleaned the toilet, and was rushed to the yard to March ... It's hard to imagine that after all these pains, Jiang Yang could still say, "It's not enough to insult me, let alone what I suffered. As for the life of eating pickles in Wowotou every day, how can you torture me? " Because Jiang Yang "although there are criminals hanging on his chest every day, even in the angry and harsh snoring of the masses, I seriously think that I have lost the people and the party, but I feel that even if that is true, I still have a clear conscience." Have a clear conscience, this is Jiang Yang's peace of mind. Facing the censure of life, don't resent or complain. When you have to face it, face it calmly and offer your sincerity and courage. Therefore, only in ultra-leftwing schools can we have that "leisure" and record the "anecdotes and interesting things" in ultra-leftwing schools as six records, so that after reading six records, people feel that "it is still so fun to decentralize ultra-leftwing schools". I know this is the joy of the Cultural Revolution, so I am more impressed by Jiang Yang's mental state. "If we are a little happy, we will become very happy."
Jiang Yang (191120 16), formerly known as Yang Jikang, was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in July, and died on May 25th, 20th16. Researcher, writer, critic, translator, playwright and foreign literary scholar of China Academy of Social Sciences. Her husband Qian Zhongshu is a famous literary researcher, writer and scholar. Their love has also become a beautiful talk.
Mr Jiang Yang 105 years old when she died. As she said in her centennial speech, "a person can get different degrees of accomplishment and different degrees of benefits after different degrees of exercise." Just like spices, the finer they are, the stronger the fragrance. We were so eager for the waves of fate. In the end, we found that the most beautiful scenery in life is actually inner peace and calmness ... We are so eager for recognition from the outside world. In the end, we know that the world is our own and has nothing to do with others. "
I think, it is this peaceful and natural state of mind, calm when proud and indifferent when frustrated, that is the true meaning of Mr. Jiang Yang's real longevity, and this is also a state of mind that Six Chapters of Cadre School really wants to convey to the world. "Six Chapters of Cadre School" reveals Jiang Yang's mentality: calmly face the censure of life with a peaceful attitude and be impartial. "I don't regret that my belt is getting wider and thinner for Iraq."
Jiang Yang is the three of us.
Yang LAN? have a bath
Yang LAN? Biography after bathing
Yang LAN? Walking on the Edge of Life —— Ask yourself and answer yourself
Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged
Qian Zhongshu's Writing on the Road of Life,
Ji Xianlin? Miscellaneous notes of cowshed