The term "National Day" originally refers to a national celebration, which was first seen in the Western Jin Dynasty. Lu Ji, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, once recorded in the article "On the Five Permanent Members" that "the National Day is only beneficial, and the main worry is not harmful". In the feudal era of our country, the great events celebrated by the whole country were nothing more than the emperor's accession to the throne and his birthday (the Qing Dynasty called the emperor's birthday Long live the festival). Therefore, in ancient China, the emperor's accession to the throne and birthday were called "National Day". Today, the National Day is called National Day.
China people's National Day.
Every year, 65438+ 10 1 is the national day of China. The people of China, under the leadership of the * * * Production Party of China, have wave upon wave and won great victories in the people's revolution. 1 949101month1day, founding ceremony was held in Tiananmen Square, the capital. In the rumbling salute, Comrade Mao Zedong solemnly declared to the world: "The people of China and the Central People's Government have been established!" And personally raised the first five-star red flag. 300,000 people gathered in Tiananmen Square to participate in the grand military parade and celebration parade. The founding of New China has realized the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation and initiated a new era in the history of China.
1949 65438+On February 3, the fourth meeting of the Central People's Government Committee accepted the recommendation of the China People's Political Consultative Conference and adopted the Resolution on the National Day of the People of China, and decided that 10, the great day when People's Republic of China (PRC) was proclaimed as the people of China.
National Day is a feature of modern nation-state, which appears with the emergence of modern nation-state and becomes particularly important. It has become a symbol of an independent country, reflecting the country's state system and polity. Once the National Day, a special commemorative way, becomes a new and national holiday form, it will carry the function of reflecting the cohesion of this country and nation. At the same time, the large-scale celebration of the National Day is also a concrete manifestation of the government's mobilization and call. Showing strength, enhancing national self-confidence, embodying cohesion and exerting appeal are the three basic characteristics of the National Day celebration.
1949 10 1 After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the forms of celebrating the National Day have changed several times. The picture on the right shows Tiananmen Square, where people put flowers to celebrate the National Day.
In the early days of the founding of New China (1950— 1959), large-scale celebrations and military parades were held every National Day. 1960 In September, the Central Committee and the State Council decided to reform the National Day system in line with the principle of building the country through diligence and thrift. Since then, from 1960 to 1970, a grand assembly and mass procession have been held in front of Tiananmen Square every year, but no military parade has been held.
From 197 1 to 1983, every year, 10 and 1, Beijing celebrates the National Day in the form of large-scale garden parties, and there are no mass demonstrations. 1984, the 35th anniversary of the National Day, held a grand National Day military parade and mass celebration parade. In the following ten years, other forms were used to celebrate the National Day, and no national day military parade and mass celebration parade were held. 1999 10 1, the 50th anniversary of the national day, held a grand national day military parade and mass celebration parade. This is the last grand National Day celebration held by the people of China in the 20th century.
Since the founding of New China, there have been 13 military parades in the National Day celebrations. 1 1 times from 1949 to 1959, and the 35th anniversary of 1984 and the 50th anniversary of 1999 respectively.
To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the State Council and the Central Military Commission will hold a grand military parade and mass procession in Tiananmen Square on June 5438+ 10/.
After the parade, people usually gather in parks or public places to celebrate the festival and enjoy singing and drinking.
China National Day
1949 In September, the first meeting of the first session of China People's Political Consultative Conference decided that 10, 1 was the National Day. 1949, 10, 1 declared the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), which was the biggest change in the history of China. 1 949 65438+1October1At 3 pm, 300,000 people in Beijing held a grand ceremony in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the establishment of the people of China and the Central People's Government. President Mao Zedong solemnly announced the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Central People's Government, and personally raised the first five-star red flag. Chairman Mao read the Proclamation of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC): "The Central People's Governments of People's Republic of China (PRC) and People's Republic of China (PRC) are the only legitimate governments representing the people of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the whole country. The government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty. " Then a military parade and a mass parade were held. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De reviewed the armed forces of the army, navy and air force, and announced the order of the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army in China, ordering the People's Liberation Army in China to quickly eliminate all the remaining Kuomintang armed forces and liberate all the land that has not yet been liberated. On the same day, Beijing Xinhua Radio broadcasted the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) and founding ceremony in Tiananmen Square. This is the first large-scale live broadcast in the history of people's broadcasting in China, and it is broadcast simultaneously by people's broadcasting stations all over the country.
1949 10/month 1 day is the anniversary of the founding of New China. What needs to be pointed out here is that in the impression of many people, the founding ceremony in People's Republic of China (PRC) was held in Tiananmen Square, with hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians attending. In fact, this impression in people's minds is not accurate. Because the ceremony held in Tiananmen Square on June 1949 10 1 was founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC), not founding ceremony. In fact, the "founding of the People's Republic of China" of People's Republic of China (PRC), that is, the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), was announced as early as the week before 10+0. At that time, it was called "founding ceremony" instead of "founding ceremony". The time is 1949 September 2 1. On this day, Mao Zedong, director of the Preparatory Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference, announced the birth of the new China in his opening speech at the first session of CPPCC.
What about the National Day in June 1 Sunday? At the first meeting of the first National Committee of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, Xu Guangping said: "Member Ma Xulun can't come on leave. He asked me to say that the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) should have a national day, so I hope this Council will decide to designate 10 1 as the national day. " Mao Zedong said: "We should make suggestions to the government and let it decide." 1949 10 On February 2nd, the Central People's Government passed the Resolution on China People's National Day, stipulating that 10/0 is the National Day every year, and this day is the day when the people of China are declared to be founded. Since then, the annual 10 June 1 has become a grand festival celebrated by people of all ethnic groups in China.
Looking back at Shihai: founding ceremony is at the scene.
1949, 10, 1, history is fixed at Tiananmen Gate.
At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Lin, Secretary-General of the Central People's Government, announced the inauguration ceremony of New China. President Mao Zedong solemnly announced with a strong Hunan accent: "The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) was established today!"
The military band immediately played the solemn and stirring March of the Volunteer National Anthem ... Accompanied by the resounding national anthem and the roaring salute, Mao Zedong solemnly pressed the flag-raising button, and the first bright five-star red flag of New China rose on the flagpole in front of Tiananmen Square. ...
After raising the national flag and firing a salute, Mao Zedong read the announcement of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) and decided to change Beiping to Beijing as the first muscle of the people of China? /P & gt； Facing the jubilant sea of 300,000 people and the land of China, Mao Zedong announced that the people of China and the Central People's Government of China "accepted the program of the China People's Political Consultative Conference as the government's policy". ...
At 4 pm, Secretary-General Lin announced the official start of the military parade. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, wearing a brand-new woolen uniform, walked down the Tiananmen Gate and took a convertible. Accompanied by Nie and others, we reviewed the officers and men of the army, navy and air force 1.64 million. After the inspection, Zhu De issued the "China People's Liberation Army Headquarters Order", demanding that the commanders and soldiers of the whole army quickly eliminate the remnants of the reactionary Kuomintang troops and liberate all the land that has not yet been liberated. Subsequently, the grand determinant and mass parade kicked off.
Nie led the honor guards of the navy, army and air force through Tiananmen Square from east to west and was reviewed by the party and state leaders. First of all, the People's Navy team consisting of 155 people made its debut in Tiananmen Square. This is a young army. In the history of * * * and China 13 military parades, there were 12 military parades in the forefront, and only the military parade for the founding of the People's Republic of China was led by the navy. The navy team took the lead in passing through the reviewing platform, and Li, holding the "August 1st" military flag, became the first soldier in the military parade in founding ceremony. Then came the multi-arms infantry detachment composed of more than 8,000 officers and men, including 40 teams including submachine gun battalion, light machine gun battalion, heavy machine gun battalion, infantry regiment, communication battalion, and battle defense artillery battalion, which passed Tiananmen Square with great momentum. Followed by the infantry phalanx are the artillery division towed by American trucks and the chariot division composed of motorized infantry, armored infantry and tanks. Most of the equipment of the troops under study was seized from the enemy in the Liberation War and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which recorded the great achievements of the people's army. In this phalanx, some carriages drawn by mules and horses were specially arranged to show that the artillery units were developed and strengthened by mules and horses. Followed by cavalry division from Chahar grassland. The cavalry division consists of three cavalry regiments, followed by an artillery battalion with wild guns. * * * Army horses 1920 horses are arranged in six rows, and six horses pass in parallel, and are arranged into "Red Horse Company", "White Horse Company" and "Black Horse Company" according to the colors of horses. This is the first time that Tiananmen Square has passed cavalry. The cavalry rode horses, armed with steel guns and sabers, all of them were majestic and heroic.
When the steel torrent of the chariot division rumbled across the square, the newly formed People's Air Force flew over Tiananmen Square in batches in two or three aircraft formations, and the flying eagle triggered waves of cheers.
How many planes are read in founding ceremony has long been a mystery. At that time, our Air Force had nine P-5L fighters and eight mosquito bombers. The military parade headquarters provided an ingenious idea: nine P-5 1 s flew over, circled again, and returned to Tiananmen Square after the mosquito bomber. In this way, although the flight difficulty is greatly increased, the national prestige and military prestige will also be greatly increased. Sure enough, the foreign news on the second day exclaimed in the report about founding ceremony that the * * * Air Force was dominated by "Mustang" fighters, and a * * * dispatched 26 planes.
Zhu De, who has been an officer all his life, raised a glass and told his men excitedly when he hosted a banquet for the pilots on National Day night: From today on, I am the real commander in chief of the three armed forces!
Foreign national day
Countries all over the world have various bases for determining National Day. According to statistics, 35 countries in the world celebrate the National Day when the People's Republic of China is founded. Cuba, Cambodia, etc. Take the day when the capital is occupied as the National Day. Some countries regard National Independence Day as their national day. 1804 65438+ 10/0/day, the Haitian people annihilated Napoleon's 60,000 expeditionary force and declared independence in Port-au-Prince. Since then, 65438+1 October1has been designated as the national day every year. The same is true of countries such as Mexico and Ghana. Some countries regard the anniversary of the armed uprising as the national day. July 14 is the national day of France. 1789 On this day, the people of Paris captured the Bastille, a symbol of feudal rule, and overthrew the monarchy. Other countries regard major conference days as national holidays. The United States designated July 4th, when the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, as the National Day. Canada regards July 1867, when the British Parliament passed the Bill of Great Britain and North America, as a national day. There are also countries that celebrate the birthday of the head of state, such as Nepal, Thailand, Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark and Belgium.
National Day is an important festival in every country, but its name is different. Many countries call it National Day or National Day, some call it Independence Day or Independence Day, and some call it Peace Day, National Day, Revolution Day, Liberation Day, National Rejuvenation Day and Constitution Day. Even directly add "Constitution Day" to the country name. Every National Day, every country should hold different forms of celebration activities to strengthen the patriotic consciousness of its own people and enhance the cohesion of the country. Countries should also congratulate each other. On the National Day every Friday and 10, some people have to expand the scale of celebration. To celebrate the National Day, governments usually hold a National Day reception, presided over by the head of state, government or foreign minister, and invite local ambassadors and other important foreign guests to attend. However, some countries do not hold receptions, such as the United States and Britain.
antithetical couplet
The annual National Day is coming. Looking back, there are some beautiful couplets praising the National Day, some praising the prosperity of the national movement, and some criticizing the shortcomings of the times, which are quite charming to read.
1949 10 1 When People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, people sang and danced to celebrate liberation and used couplets to celebrate the birth of new China.
Things are different, and the mountains and rivers in Wan Li belong to the people;
Smile, 500 million people wish the motherland a new life.
This couplet tells about the earth-shaking changes in the motherland and the people's joy in celebrating victory. Very stable, full of words and feelings.
Since the reform and opening up, great achievements have been made in the modernization of the motherland, and people's lives have been continuously improved. In recent years, on National Day, people like to use couplets to praise the party and the motherland. For example:
The people are rich and the country is strong, and today they smile at the National Day;
Shannanhaibeizan reformed songs and dances to praise the party's kindness.
Someone wrote ode to Li Anyun:
The first part: the blue sky and the full moon chase flowers, and the dragon lantern laughs and dances to do the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Bottom line: the country is strong and the people are rich, showing Rowen, and colorful flags are flying to welcome the National Day.