biography
Li Shutong died in Quanzhou, Fujian. Originally from Pinghu, Zhejiang, and originally from Tianjin. His father, Li, was a scholar of B Ugly Department in Tongzhi for four years (1865). He was a senior official in the official department and later resigned to do business. He has founded several banks, such as Tongda, and earned a lot of money, which is called "Tongda Li Family". What is particularly commendable is that he is charitable, setting up schools (providing free education) and establishing a "preparatory society" to help the poor and lonely, giving food, clothing and coffins, and has the reputation of "Li". In his later years, Li liked Neijing, especially Zen. Obviously, his example has a great influence on his children (especially Li Shutong). When I was a child, a common monk went home to recite the scriptures and confess. It was a nephew of the same age, Li, who made a cassock out of a bedspread, dressed as a monk and recited the Buddha's name. His childhood education benefited to a great extent from a wet nurse named Liu, who often taught to recite epigrams from celebrity collections, such as "A white horse with a high head is worth 22 thousand gold, not a kiss." When the horse dies, the gold is exhausted, and the relatives are strangers. " Although he is only eight or nine years old, he can understand that the end of glory means sadness. She was widowed at the age of five (her father died) and married at the age of eighteen (the daughter of a tea merchant in Jinmen) on the orders of her mother.
During the Hundred Days Reform, he agreed with Kang and Liang that "China's unchanging law is the boss", and once privately engraved the seal: "Nanhai Kangjun is my teacher". Therefore, in the eyes of the authorities, Li Shutong is an out-and-out anti-party middleman, and he is forced to take care of his mother as soon as possible to avoid the disaster in Shanghai. 190 1 entered Nanyang Public School (the predecessor of Shanghai Jiaotong University) and studied under Cai Yuanpei. However, due to the fierce competition between the old and new ideas in the school, the school banned students from reading some magazines and newspapers, which aroused students' anger and clashed with the school. Mr. Cai Yuanpei stood on the students' side and argued, but it didn't work, so he led the students and active teachers to leave Nanyang Public School resolutely, and Li Shutong was among the students who left. 1905 went to study in Japan, studied oil painting at Tokyo Art School, and studied music at the same time. With Zeng Xiaogu, Xie and other students studying in Japan, he founded the "Spring Willow Drama Club" and performed such plays as La Traviata, Black Slave's Call to Heaven and New Butterfly Dream. He is one of the founders of the drama movement in China.
19 10 Li Shutong returned to China as the chief teacher of the graphic department of Tianjin Beiyang Institute of Technology. The following year, she was hired as a music teacher in Shanghai Chengdong Girls' School. 19 12 years as the literary editor of Pacific newspaper, in charge of supplements and advertisements, initiated the organization of the writers and artists association with Liu Yazi, and edited the magazine Literature and Art. In June 5438+10 of the same year, the publication of Pacific Daily was closed, and music and art teachers from Zhejiang two-level normal schools applied for jobs. 19 15 used to be the art director of Nanjing Normal School (now Nanjing University). In teaching, he advocated sketching, began to use mannequins, organized foreign painting research societies, Xerox societies and Ningshe societies among students, and advocated aesthetic education.
19 18 August 19 became a monk in hupao temple, Hangzhou, and traveled to Wenzhou, Beishan, Putuo, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and other places to teach Buddhism, and was engaged in the writing of Nanshan Buddhism. According to Yu Yu Qiu Temple Records, he once lived in Lei Wu Temple. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he repeatedly put forward the slogan of "Remembering Buddha does not forget to save the country, and saving the country must remember Buddha", saying that "we ate millet from China and drank water from Wenling. As Buddhists, we can't * * help in case of difficulties "and other words, showing deep patriotic feelings.
Li Shutong is versatile. He is omnipotent in poetry, lyrics, drama, painting, calligraphy and seal cutting. Good at sketching, oil painting, watercolor painting, Chinese painting, advertising, woodcut, etc. He is one of the pioneers of China's oil painting, advertising painting and woodcut. His painting creation is mainly before becoming a monk; Later, he wrote more calligraphy. Most of the works were lost because of the war. We can get a glimpse from the preserved self-portraits, sketches, naked women, watercolors and Buddhist paintings. "Self-portrait" was probably painted before going abroad, with meticulous painting style and detailed expression description, similar to the court portrait in the late Qing Dynasty, with high realistic ability. "Sketch Head" is a charcoal painting with simple and pungent techniques. Under the influence of its teacher, Ito Kuroda, Naked Woman is accurate in modeling, bright and rich in colors, some of which are close to Impressionism, seemingly casual at close range and crystal clear at a distance.
Calligraphy is Li Shutong's lifelong hobby. When he was young, he devoted himself to the memorial hall. His calligraphy works include Entertainment and Brave Struggle. Before becoming a monk, books were beautiful, healthy and chic; After becoming a monk, he gradually became detached and indifferent, and his works in his later years were more cautious, clear, simple and peaceful. Li Shutong seal cutting, catch up with the Qin and Han Dynasties, learn Anhui School, Zhejiang School, Xiling Eight School, Wu Xizhai, etc. , with an ancient and heavy taste, diluted and simple, found his own way. There are "Away from Pu Yin" and "Wandering in the Night". Li Shutong's Farewell is also widely sung.
Outstanding contribution
In the history of cultural development in China for nearly a hundred years, Hony Master Li Shutong is recognized as a generalist and a wizard in academic circles. As a pioneer of the New Culture Movement in China, he first introduced western oil painting, piano and drama to China, and was famous for his good calligraphy, poetry, general painting, temperament, refined epigraphy and performing arts.
Monks in China and Master Hongyi are well-known in the secular world. They are all involved in the field of modern literature and art. Poetry, rhyme, stone carving calligraphy, Danqing literature and drama have long been famous. After he converted to Buddhism, he washed away all the lead and became a generation of Buddhist masters admired by the world. He was regarded as the 11th ancestor of Legalism by Buddhist disciples. His legendary life has contributed thirteen firsts to China's modern culture, art, education, religion and other fields, and he is an outstanding literary pioneer. His patriotic ambition and righteous deeds ran through his life. In 2008, Hongyun Mulan came to Li Shutong Memorial Hall of Hupao Temple in Hangzhou with infinite admiration. At the beginning of 20 10, she visited master hongyi memorial hall of kaiyuan temple in Quanzhou and Gulangyu memorial hall in Xiamen. At the end of 20 1 10, she went to Zhejiang Pinghu Memorial Hall and Tianjin Massacre Memorial Hall to pay homage, and visited Mr. Liu and his disciples' sons and his first granddaughter. The master's way of walking can be clearly found in contemporary times. Many areas such as Shanghai, Wenzhou, Zhangzhou, Hui 'an, Anhai, Qingdao, Taipei, etc. have built a memorial hall for Master Hongyi, with bronze statues of the master for people to admire, visit and learn.
19 18, Master Hongyi became a monk at the age of 38 and died at Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, Fujian at the age of 62. Based on a large number of historical materials and biographies about him, I made a detailed and well-documented summary. There are thirteen giants who can make Master Hongyi the first person in China's modern history. Hongyun Mulan respectfully listed the following contents:
1. 1906 was admitted to the highest academy of fine arts in Tokyo to study western painting, and presided over the establishment of the first drama club "Spring Willow Club" in China.
2. 1906 Editor-in-Chief China's first music publication, Music Magazine, introduced western music and published its own songs in China.
3. 1907, La Traviata, China's first drama, was performed in Tokyo, which was a charity performance for domestic disaster relief. The protagonist of La Traviata became a much-told story, which was China's first play.
4. 1908, as the first musician in China to introduce western pop music to China, such as Farewell to the Pavilion, which has been sung for a hundred years.
5. 19 12, Art editor, the first person in China to adopt the art of print advertising, changed the long-term monotonous layout of China.
6. 19 13 He was the first to write the textbook History of Western Art to teach western oil painting art, and the famous painter Xu Beihong was the promoter.
7. 19 13 was the first art educator to teach nude sketch of male models in China art history, and the famous painter Liu Haisu was the first person to teach nude sketch of female bodies in19/4.
Eight. 19 14 plaster model was first introduced for the teaching of western painting, with famous painters Feng Zikai and Pan Tianshou as great grandfathers.
Nine. 19 15 China is the earliest educator who initiated and advocated modern woodcut art.
X. 19 15 was the first to write a brief introduction of western musical instruments, which created a precedent for piano music teaching. Liu Zhiping, a musician, is a master and a disciple in the secular world. He feels like his father and son.
XI。 193 1 year, the first self-written collection of Buddhist couplets, Hua Yan Ji Lian 300, spread Buddhism and benefited students, leaving an unshakable position in the history of Buddhist art in China.
12.800 The first Nanshan Quadrant School in the Tang Dynasty, which was the most difficult to repair in more than 200 years, was revived. He didn't eat in the afternoon, practiced abstinence and discipline, wrote about Buddhism, and set up a Buddhist college to preach Buddhism. He was honored as the father of the Eleventh Method.
Thirteen. The first master of art to innovate the traditional aesthetic view of calligraphy, his calligraphy is called the unique "magnificent unity" in ancient and modern times. According to the aesthetic concept of "image" in western painting, he showed China's calligraphy art in a new way, and broke the traditional theory of vitality with meditation, taking dynamic aesthetics as the ontological basis of calligraphy, thus opening up a new path of calligraphy aesthetics.
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Lin Yutang: "Li Shutong is one of the most talented geniuses of our time, but also the strangest person and the most independent person."
Zhang Ailing: "Don't think that I am an arrogant person. I've never been there. At least, outside the wall of Master Hongyi Monastery, I am so humble. "
Summer? D Zun: "A comprehensive teacher is a charming son, a passionate person, a versatile artist, a serious educator and a disciplined monk. He is committed to the West Pole and has a good luck and a good end." The Ancient Xuanwumen Spring and Autumn Zhuo Xin Classics of the Fugitive of Postgraduate Entrance Examination