1, politically, imperialism stepped up its aggression; The warlord rule is getting darker and darker, and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle must continue.
Economically, during the First World War, China's national capitalism further developed. The fundamental reason is that the national bourgeoisie has grown stronger and stepped onto the political stage, strongly demanding democratic politics and developing capitalism.
3. In terms of ideology and culture, after the Revolution of 1911, the western enlightenment ideas spread further, and the idea of democracy and harmony was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people; The Northern Warlords' Respect for Confucius and Retro Countercurrent.
More importantly, people at that time reflected on the failure of the Revolution of 1911. After the Revolution of 1911, advanced intellectuals realized that the root of the failure of the revolution was the lack of democracy and consciousness in the people's minds. They must attack feudal thoughts and consciousness from the perspective of culture and ideology, and realize the real * * * and political power by popularizing * * and thoughts.
4. In terms of class, the bourgeoisie strongly demands the implementation of democratic politics in China.
Second, the main content of the New Culture Movement
The main content of the new culture movement is centered on "four propositions and four oppositions". The so-called "four propositions" and "four oppositions" are: advocating democracy and opposing dictatorship; Advocate science and oppose superstition and blind obedience; Advocate new morality and oppose old morality; Advocate new literature and oppose old literature.
The new culture movement can be divided into early stage and late stage. The essence of the early stage is the struggle of bourgeois new culture against feudal old culture, and the theme of the later stage is the propaganda of advanced intellectuals to Marxism.
The New Culture Movement is also a literary revolution. New Youth published Hu Shi's Improvement of Literature and Chen Duxiu's On the Cultural Revolution, and a literary revolution began.
The New Culture Movement represents the development direction of advanced culture and prepares the ideological conditions for the establishment of the middle class in China. The new culture movement is also one of the important signs of the transformation from the old democratic revolution to the new democratic revolution.
Third, the historical significance of the New Culture Movement
The New Culture Movement is an ideological and cultural revolution against tradition, Confucianism and classical Chinese initiated by people with western education such as Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun, Qian, Li Dazhao and Cai Yuanpei.
The New Culture Movement is the continuation of the Revolution of 1911 in the field of ideology and culture, and it has formed an unprecedented ideological emancipation. It has dealt an unprecedented blow to absolutism politically and ideologically, shaken the ideological dominance of traditional ethics, and paved the way for the spread of Marxism in China. ?
After the May 4th Movement, the New Culture Movement became an ideological movement to publicize Marxism and various socialist schools, and transformed the old democratic cultural movement into a new democratic cultural movement guided by Marxist theory.
The active communication of these newspapers and mass organizations introduced Marxism, promoted the combination of Marxism and China workers' movement, and created conditions for the establishment of the * * * production party in China. The profound change of the new culture movement from content to form is one of the important signs of the transformation from the old democratic revolution to the new democratic revolution.
Extended data:
Lu Xun said: "Chinese characters do not die, and China dies." In fact, this slogan was said by Lu Xun in the New Culture Movement, and it was a sentence in "Answering the Information Interviewer of Saving the Country in Illness".
This sentence should be seen in the context at that time. At that time, it was the period of the new culture movement, and the slogan of the new culture movement was four words, democracy and science. These four words were the pursuit of all intellectuals in China at that time. At that time, China was oppressed by feudalism and imperialism. So the situation at that time was still very difficult.
China people in particular have not yet awakened, and the words we used at that time are really not conducive to the spread of culture. Traditional Chinese characters and classical Chinese were used at that time. Writing traditional Chinese characters is troublesome, but the difference between classical Chinese and spoken Chinese is so great that many people find it difficult to understand.
The new culture movement is mainly different from the previous culture. Because the dross in the previous culture was used by others to confuse people. Therefore, some people are radical in saying that Chinese characters should be abolished, so that they will not continue to be persecuted by those feudal ideas. But Chinese characters are, after all, the carrier of China culture. So many people put forward cultural reform.
The first is to use vernacular. Lu Xun was the first person to publish a novel in vernacular Chinese, and his Diary of a Madman was China's first novel in vernacular Chinese. And Mr. Lu Xun supports the reform of Chinese characters. To put it bluntly, it is to simplify Chinese characters. It was not completed until after the founding of New China.
And once these two things are completed, to be honest, the foundation on which feudal thought depends will be gone. China people are completely open-minded.
Baidu Encyclopedia-New Culture Movement