The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Boxer Rebellion were two peasant movements in the modern history of China, which had a far-reaching impact on the social development of China and the history of China at that time. In contrast, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement broke out in 185 1. At that time, China was under the decadent Qing Dynasty, and the self-sufficient natural economy was still dominant. The land is highly concentrated in the hands of the royal family, big bureaucrats and big landlords, and the phenomenon of farmers losing land is very serious. After the defeat of the Opium War, the Qing government stepped up its efforts to recover war reparations from the people, social class contradictions intensified, and the working people revolted one after another; Foreign aggression has brought about new changes in China. On the one hand, opium is smuggled into China in large quantities. After the war, foreign goods impacted the traditional economic structure of China and brought new disasters to the people of China. On the other hand, China's natural economy began to disintegrate gradually, which had a certain impact on China's traditional politics, economy and ideology and culture. The Boxer Rebellion took place at the end of 19, when China was in the frenzy of imperialist separatism, and foreign capitalist economic aggression intensified, including striving to be China's creditor, seizing China's mining road management right, seizing leased land and dividing "spheres of influence", and China faced a serious national crisis; Foreign missionaries are rampant in China. Under the protection of unequal treaties, they oppressed the people of China and aroused the people of China's constant struggle against foreign religions. China's self-sufficient natural economy was further destroyed, and a large number of farmers and craftsmen went bankrupt; The reform and reform thought of the national bourgeoisie spread, and the Reform Movement of 1898 appeared, but it failed. From the comparison of the goal and mode of struggle, during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in 14, the rebels moved to 18 province, occupied Nanjing, an important town in the Yangtze River, and established the peasant class regime. The Northern Expedition and the Eastern Expedition were aimed at the Qing government and its ruling center. The anti-feudal color of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement is very distinct, especially the "celestial system" is the revolutionary program of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the highest peak of the anti-feudal struggle in China history; The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement also reflected the attitude of the peasant class against foreign aggression, especially the proposition that opium smoking and foreign interference in China's internal affairs were forbidden in Senior Minister's New Chapter, and the direct battle with foreign guns in the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Although the Boxer Rebellion didn't last as long as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it showed the anti-imperialist and patriotic struggle spirit of the people of China from the anti-westernization struggle to the fight against Eight-Nation Alliance, from the attack on the church to the fierce battle at Tianjin Railway Station. Comparative results: Both the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Boxer Rebellion failed under the collusion of the reactionary ruling class in China and foreign reactionary forces. The fall of Tianjing 1864, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom failed. At that time, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang's Xiang army, Huai army and foreign gun team, after the Second Opium War, foreign invaders "borrowed teachers to help suppress"; The boxer movement reached its climax in the summer of 1900. As a result, when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict on the way to the west, ordering the Qing army to brutally suppress the Boxer Movement, which led to the failure of the Boxer Movement. First of all, contact modern history to see the long-term struggle process and characteristics of the peasant movement. In the modern history of China, the peasant movement has always appeared; Before the Opium War, farmers rebelled one after another. From the Opium War to the eve of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution, there were more than 90 peasant uprisings and riots in various places, with large scale and many times. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, there was a struggle among Shanghai Xiaodao, the northern Nian Army and the social black flag army in the border areas of Guangdong and Guangxi. In the wave of resisting imperialist aggression against China's frontier and separatist regime, the Black Flag Army fought bravely against the French aggressor army, and the people of the whole country also organized corps to participate in the struggle in the Sino-Japanese War. The Boxer Rebellion has been engaged in the anti-Qing struggle for a long time, but at the end of 19, when the national crisis was deep, it put forward the slogan of "helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries". Therefore, in the modern history of China, the peasant class has always been an indomitable and firm rebel, resisting both the feudal rulers of the country and foreign invaders; Moreover, the peasant class in China and the national bourgeoisie in China did not compromise. In the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle, the people at the bottom of the society in China showed their unyielding character. Secondly, understand the influence of the two peasant movements on social politics, economy, ideology and culture at that time. Politically, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom attacked the decadent Qing dynasty, which led to the weakening of the Qing dynasty's power, the serious weakening of the military strength of the Manchu nobles, and the improvement of the status of Han landlords such as Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang, which led to the Qing dynasty's "borrowing teachers to help suppress" and taking refuge in foreign invaders; The slogan of "helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries" put forward by the Boxer Movement only shows its anti-imperialist and patriotic nature, but does not show that "helping the Qing Dynasty" is its essence, so the struggle of the Boxer in Beijing and Tianjin has seriously dealt a blow to the ruling order of the Qing Dynasty. All these accelerated the disintegration of the reactionary Qing dynasty; Economically, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement was in the period of disintegration of natural economy, and the Westernization Movement began to appear in the repression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The proposal of "Senior Minister's New Chapter" shows the desire of China's advanced people to develop capitalism, which is the forerunner of Chinese national capitalism, while the Boxer Rebellion is in the period of accelerated disintegration of natural economy and the initial development of national capitalism. The anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle of the Boxer Movement is objectively beneficial to the development of capitalist economy. The Heavenly Regime and Zi Zheng Xin of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement reflected the desire of the peasant class to overthrow the feudal system and develop capitalism at that time ideologically and culturally. The slogan of the Boxer Rebellion "Help the Qing Dynasty to Destroy the Foreign Countries" reflected the national aspirations of the people of China to resolutely oppose imperialist aggression, and these aspirations later turned into various progressive explorations to save the country, including the Westernization Movement, the Reform and Reform Movement, the Revolution of 1911, and finally China. Third, analyze the reasons for the similarities and differences. The biggest difference between the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Boxer Movement is that the former is dominated by anti-feudal struggle, while the latter is marked by anti-imperialist struggle; The former is large in scale and wide in scope, while the latter only affects the northeast of North China, the Yangtze River and its south; The former has a unified leadership core and even political power, program and action plan, while the latter is the opposite; The similarities are that they were all peasant wars against feudalism and aggression, and the results were the same, all of which failed under the collusion and suppression of Chinese and foreign reactionary forces. To analyze the same or different reasons, we should look for them item by item from the background and process, such as why the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has a unified leadership core, but the Boxer Rebellion does not. We should realize that peasant class uprisings are usually initiated and organized by religion, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement is initiated and organized by religion, and the Boxer Rebellion rose in the struggle against foreign religions. The existence of religious organizations has become one of the key factors for the formation of a unified leadership core of the peasant movement. Secondly, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement broke out after a long period of secret preparation, and established the leadership core in the uprising. The boxer movement was openly carried out under the attack, tolerance and cooperation of the Qing government, which was easily controlled by the Qing government. The uprising was greatly influenced by accidental factors and was relatively hasty, making it difficult to form the leadership core. Third, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement has Tianjing as its capital, and the Boxer Movement helped the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries. It is not easy to establish a unified leadership core by borrowing Beijing from the Qing Dynasty. Fourthly, the "Fu Qing" in the slogan of the Boxer Rebellion "Fu Qing" may not represent the unanimous demand of the people of China at that time, while the "Zi Zheng Xin" in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement reflected the long-term unanimous desire of the broad masses of peasants, so it could form the core of leadership. In short, when analyzing the reasons, don't mechanically turn over the textbooks, mechanically find ready-made answers, and mechanically listen to the teacher's analysis. On the contrary, we need to think creatively, coherently, regularly and realistically. Before completing the conclusion, we must learn to split into two and look at the problem comprehensively and dialectically. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Boxer Rebellion were great peasant movements in China's modern history, which dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary forces at home and abroad, shattered the dream of foreign invaders to annex or carve up China, and also carried out such an exploration as Senior Minister's New Chapter. However, dialectically, these two peasant movements have many limitations. If comprehensively analyzed, these limitations are not only the lack of advanced class leadership, the inability to put forward a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary program, and the inability to defeat the joint suppression of Chinese and foreign reactionary forces. ; Moreover, it is necessary to analyze: first, why were there two opposing camps at that time, namely, the "new chapter of respecting officials" and the Westernization Movement, which advocated learning western science and technology at the same time? At that time, the advanced bourgeoisie was preparing for reform and revolutionary struggle. Why didn't the simultaneous Boxer Rebellion cooperate with each other and carry out "armed rebellion" like Japan? Second, some traditional views also need to be doubted before understanding. For example, can the idea of developing capitalism in Senior Minister's New Chapter become the struggle program in the peasant movement?