2. Institutional change: A Reform Movement of 1898: The Reform Movement of 1898 refers to the bourgeois political reform carried out by the reformists headed by Kang Youwei through the Emperor Guangxu in the Year of 1898, which was a political reform movement in China during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1898). The main contents include: learning from the west, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce. This movement was strongly opposed by the old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. In September this year, Empress Dowager Cixi and others staged a coup, Guangxu was imprisoned, and the reformists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to France and Japan respectively. Six people, including Tan Sitong, were killed, and the political reform that lasted only 103 days finally failed. Therefore, the Reform Movement of 1898 is also called the Reform Movement of 1898.
Significance: The Reform Movement of 1898 is an event of great significance in the modern history of China. The Reform Movement of 1898 was a bourgeois reform movement and a preliminary attempt by the bourgeoisie to change the social system. The reformists tried to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy politically. Economically developing national capitalism conforms to the historical development trend. This is a political movement of patriotism and saving the country. At the moment when the national crisis intensifies, the reformists hope to make China strong through political reform, so as to get rid of the aggression of imperialist powers, show strong patriotic enthusiasm and inspire people's patriotic thoughts and national consciousness. ③ The Reform Movement of 1898 was also an ideological emancipation in modern China. The bourgeoisie followed the reformists, advocated new learning, advocated civil rights, and lashed out at feudal ideas, which played an enlightening role in society and promoted the awakening of China people.
B. Xinhai Revolution: The Revolution of 1911 was 19 1 1 year when the Qing government sold the right to build a railway, which aroused the resistance of the people all over the country, and the road protection movement broke out in Sichuan and other places. In June 19 1 1, 10, 10 Wuhan's revolutionary group Literature Society and the * * * Progressive Association launched the Wuchang Uprising, and then the provinces responded one after another because191/. Historical significance
1 overthrew the Qing Dynasty and ended the feudal monarchy that ruled China for more than two thousand years.
2. The establishment of the bourgeois republic and the promulgation of the interim constitution have made the concept of democracy and harmony deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
3. Promoted the development of national capitalism.
3. Ideological change: May 4th Movement: The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement of China people, which broke out on May 4th, 2009. The May 4th Movement was the end of the old democratic revolution and the beginning of the new democratic revolution in China. The May 4th Movement is also the continuation and development of the New Culture Movement. 19 15, Chen Duxiu founded Youth magazine, and changed its name to New Youth the following year. He held high the banner of "democracy" and "science", lashed out at the old feudal culture and advocated a new culture. Later, vernacular Chinese was advocated to replace classical Chinese, and new literature was advocated under the slogan of "literary revolution" The victory of Russian October socialist revolution had a great influence on the people of China. China's advanced elements began to regard the proletarian world outlook as a tool to observe the country's destiny. 19181kloc-0/Li Dazhao published Victory of the Common People and Victory of Bolshevism, which represented the new awakening of the advanced elements in China. The New Culture Movement not only made ideological preparations for the May 4th patriotic movement, but also made the socialist ideological trend gradually replace the bourgeois ideological trend as the mainstream of the movement with the further development of this movement, and made ideological and cadre preparations for the establishment of the China * * * production party.
Since then, the China Revolution has entered a new historical period. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the State Council, the Central People's Government, officially declared May 4th as China Youth Day on February 1949.
The May 4th Movement is an epoch-making event in the revolutionary history of China. From then on, the working class in China stepped onto the political stage, which opened the curtain of China's new-democratic revolution and showed the further awakening of the Chinese nation.
4. Fashion change: The New Culture Movement was an innovative movement initiated by a group of people with western education in China cultural circles in the early 20th century. 19 19 On the eve of the May 4th Movement, Chen Duxiu published an article in the New Youth edited by him, advocating democracy and science (Mr. De and Mr. Sai), criticizing the traditional pure China culture and spreading Marxist thoughts. On the one hand, the moderates represented by Hu Shi opposed Marxism, supported the vernacular movement and advocated pragmatism instead of Confucianism, which was the origin of the New Culture Movement. During this period, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Lu Xun and others became the core figures of the New Culture Movement, which became the forerunner of the May 4th Movement.