On the eve of the uprising, according to the needs of the struggle, Zhang Jiao put forward the slogan and uprising plan of "Heaven (referring to the Eastern Han Dynasty) is dead, Huang Heaven (referring to Taiping Road) should be established, and the world will be fine at the age of 60". A peasant uprising under the guise of religious form was vividly portrayed.
In order to realize the uprising plan, Zhang Jiao sent Ma Yuanyi, a generous leader, back and forth between Luoyang and the states, ready to gather tens of thousands of Taoist disciples from Jing and Yang states to sneak into Yecheng, and actively contacted the eunuchs in Luoyang Palace to act as his wife, so as to make sure that Luoyang and the states revolted at the same time on March 5.
However, at the critical moment when the uprising was about to begin, a shameful traitor appeared inside Taiping Road. Tang Zhou, a native of Jinan, wrote a letter to the court, revealing all the plans of the uprising. After Wang Chaowen reported it in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he immediately suppressed and arrested the leaders of the uprising. This sudden change disrupted the deployment of the uprising. In order to reverse the passive and unfavorable situation, Zhang Jiao made a decisive decision and decided to hold an uprising in advance. On a starry night, he sent someone to inform all parties to act at the same time, and stipulated that all the insurgents should be marked by the yellow turban insurrectionary. The famous "Yellow Scarf Uprising" in history officially broke out.
After the outbreak of the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the momentum was enormous. Historically, it is said that "on the first day 10, the world responded and the capital shook". The main force of the Yellow Scarf Army is distributed in three areas: Zhang Jiao, the leader of the rebel army, calls himself a god general, and his brother Zhang Bao calls himself a local general and a civilian general. They led the main force of the rebel army and were active in Jizhou area, forming the northern revolutionary center. Zhang Mancheng claimed to be "the messenger of God" and led the Yellow Scarf Army to fight in Nanyang, forming the uprising center in the southern region. Cai Bo, Peng Tuo and others led their troops to Yingchuan (now Yu County, Henan Province), Runan (now northeast of Runan, Henan Province) and Chen Guo (now Suiyang, Henan Province) and became the main revolutionary forces in the east. Wherever the Yellow Scarf Army went, it burned yamen, fought against powerful countries, attacked dock walls and occupied cities, which dealt a heavy blow to the ruling order of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Question 2: 1. Why did a large-scale peasant uprising occur at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty? Since the peasant uprising happened, it has nothing to do with political and economic conditions.
The imperial court was corrupt, the eunuchs and consorts fought constantly, the frontier wars continued, the national strength was weakening day by day, and because of the national drought, taxes were not reduced, and farmers were miserable.
Question 3: How many peasant rebels were there at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty? After Emperor Heng, the Eastern Han regime was dominated by eunuchs for a long time. /kloc-in 0/84, Zhang Jiao took advantage of a religious uprising and called it the "Yellow Scarf Army", which was finally suppressed by the Eastern Han Dynasty. The first accident was:
156, Gongsun Ju and Dongguodou Uprising in the second year of Yongshou in Han Dynasty.
157 Han Yongshou's three-year Zhu Da Uprising.
160 Three-year Peasant Uprising in Taishan, Yan Xi, Han Dynasty
162 Changsha Man Uprising in the 5th year of Han Yanxi; Peasant uprisings in Changsha and Lingling.
163 peasant uprising in Guiyang in the sixth year of Han Dynasty.
165 Zhu Gai and Hulan Uprising in Eight Years of Han Dynasty.
172 Xu Shengyi in the first year of Xiping, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
180 peasant uprising in Cangwu and Guiyang in the third year of Han Dynasty, and Huang Ze uprising in Guiyang.
Question 4: What other peasant uprisings were there before the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the late Eastern Han Dynasty? Gong Sunju and Dongguodou Uprising in the 2nd year of Han Yongshou 156.
157 Han Yongshou's three-year Zhu Da Uprising.
160 Three-year Peasant Uprising in Taishan, Yan Xi, Han Dynasty
162 Changsha Man Uprising in the 5th year of Han Yanxi; Peasant uprisings in Changsha and Lingling.
163 peasant uprising in Guiyang in the sixth year of Han Dynasty.
165 Zhu Gai and Hulan Uprising in Eight Years of Han Dynasty.
172 Xu Shengyi in the first year of Xiping, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
180 peasant uprising in Cangwu and Guiyang in the third year of Han Dynasty, and Huang Ze uprising in Guiyang.
Question 5: What were the peasant uprisings in ancient China? In July 209 BC (the first year of Qin Ershi), Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted in osawa Township (now southeast of Suxian County, Anhui Province), and in July 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted in Daze Township. After capturing Chen Jun, Chen Sheng became king and established the Zhang Chu regime.
In August of 209 BC (the first year of Qin Ershi), Liu Bangpei County (now Jiangsu) (2) Rebels attacked Xingyang and Guanzhong, reaching the vicinity of Xianyang (now Lintong East, Shaanxi). Zhang Han, the general of the State of Qin, led hundreds of thousands of troops to fight back. In 65438+February, Chen Sheng was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia.
In September of 209 BC (the first year), Xiang Yu joined forces with Ji (now Suzhou) (3) In 207 BC, Xiang Yu led the German Rebel Army to wipe out the main force of Qin in Julu. In 206 BC, Liu Bang led the German rebels to capture Xianyang and destroy Qin. After four years of Chu-Han War, Xiang Yu was defeated and committed suicide. In 202 BC, Liu Bang established the Western Han regime.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the peasant uprising in Wang Kuang and Simomo 17 (Tianfeng five years) Lvlinshan (now Hubei Dahongshan) ① In 17, Wang Kuang and Simomo revolted in Lvlinshan, Hubei; 18, Fan Chong led the Red Eyebrow Army to defeat Wang Mang's army in Changcheng, Shandong.
(2) In 23 years, the outlaw heroes defeated the so-called million-follwed army with 89,000 men in Kunyang. And attacked Chang 'an to overthrow Wang Mang's regime.
A.D. 18 (Tianfeng five years) Juxian County, Fan Chong (now Shandong Province)
In 25 years, Liu Xiu, a powerful landlord, won the fruits of farmers' victory and established the Eastern Han regime.
east
Han/Han/Chinese/human
The opening angle of the Yellow Scarf Army uprising was 184 (the first year of Zhong Ping). In February, "Taiping Road" was founded in Luoyang, and hundreds of thousands of farmers used it to organize into 36 "phalanxes". Propaganda "Heaven dies, Huang Tianli; Years old in Jiazi, the world is good. " Zhang Jiao and his disciples secretly agreed that on March 5, the year of Jiazi (184), all localities rebelled at the same time. The uprising was advanced in February of that year because of the traitor's informer.
The rebel army foiled the enemy's attack many times, but unfortunately Zhang Jiao died of illness. After several months of fighting, the main force of the Yellow Scarf Army failed, but the local insurgents still persisted in fighting for more than 30 years. Under the attack of the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the Eastern Han regime collapsed.
(2) The uprising quickly captured many counties in Hebei, the north and south of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valley, and the people responded to the uprising. The rebels surrounded Luoyang and defeated the officials of the Eastern Han Dynasty many times. The insurgents wore yellow headscarves, so they were called the "Yellow Scarf Army".
(3) The insurgents have repeatedly defeated the enemy's attacks, but unfortunately Zhang Jiao died of illness. After several months of fighting, the main force of the Yellow Scarf Army failed, but the local insurgents still persisted in fighting for more than 30 years. Under the attack of the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the Eastern Han regime collapsed.
Refugees Uprising in the Late Western Jin Dynasty in Te Li 30 1 year (the first year of Huidi Yongning) Mianzhu (now Sichuan) ① The refugees elected Pakistani Te Li as the leader, who revolted in Mianzhu, Sichuan, and repeatedly defeated the officers and men, and the refugee uprisings all over the country responded in succession.
After the sacrifice of Zhang Chang in 303 (the second year of Huidi Taian), Anlushi Yanshan (now Anlu, Hubei) and Te Li, refugee uprisings in various places lasted for decades, and these uprisings were suppressed one after another. However, the ruling class in the Western Jin Dynasty was also teetering under the attack of the refugee uprising.
east
promote
Peasant Uprising in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Sun En in 399 (three years of Long 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) Island ① Sun En led an uprising on the island, which broke Shangyu (now Shangyu in Zhejiang Province) and killed the county magistrate, with a huge momentum. Farmers in eight counties responded in succession. Sun En claimed to be the general of the Eastern Expedition, led the uprising and landed across the sea three times, and fought against the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Unfortunately, the last time he lost, Sun En committed suicide by jumping into the sea.
(2) After the failure of the Sun En Uprising, thousands of people led by their brother-in-law Lu Xun continued to fight. Capture Panyu, call himself General Pingxi, and establish peasant regime.
In 403 (the second year of Yuan Xing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Lu Xun Island.
(3) The insurgents took the opportunity of Emperor Wu of Song's Northern Expedition to Southern Yan, and defeated 8 Jin Army in two ways, which matched Jiankang (northwest Nanjing). After Emperor Wu of Song destroyed Yan, he quickly returned to health. After Lu Xun was defeated by Emperor Wu of Song, he was buried in the water and the peasant uprising failed. This uprising persisted in the struggle for 12 years, covering the whole territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and basically shaking the rule of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In 523 (the fourth year of Xiao Ming and Zheng Guang), the people of all ethnic groups in the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties broke the Six Han and Eight Mausoleums, and Woye Town (now the northeast of Wuyuan in Inner Mongolia) 1 Xiongnu broke the Six Han and Eight Mausoleums, leading the soldiers and civilians in the northern border town to rebel in Woye Town, and repeatedly defeated the government troops. Two years later, the uprising failed because it was outnumbered.
In 525, Jung (the first year of Xiao Ming Emperor Xiaochang) was in Zuorencheng, Dingzhou. In 2525, people of all ethnic groups in Hebei revolted in Shanggu (now Yanqing, Beijing). After 528 years, it gradually focused on > >
Question 6: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, peasant uprisings broke out one after another. What changes have taken place in the power of the Secretariat to suppress the uprising? In the fifth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Ada suggested that the secretariat of the Eastern Han Dynasty should be changed to state animal husbandry, and the Emperor Ling accepted his suggestion, and successively changed the secretariat of the state to state animal husbandry in important areas, such as Xuzhou animal husbandry in Tao Qian, and Jingzhou animal husbandry in Liu Biao. The central government and counties join the state level, and local governments become state, county and county-level institutions. At this time, the state shepherd was above the county magistrate and held the military and political power of a state.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial court initially elected Zhou Mu as the object, such as Lieqing and Shangshu. For example, Liu Yan in Taichang was appointed as Yizhou Pastoral, Huang Wan in Taifu was appointed as Yuzhou Pastoral, and Liu Yu in Zong Zheng was appointed as Youzhou Pastoral. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the secretariat was changed to state animal husbandry, and its status was improved. The original purpose was to strengthen local control and help suppress peasant uprisings.
However, the state animal husbandry, which has the right to lead troops and manage the people, can easily become a powerful separatist force in a well-founded place. However, the state secretariat and county magistrate, who were not changed to state priests, also took the opportunity to expand their power and armed forces. The strongmen in the war even cleared their names or privately sealed the state shepherd and secretariat.
Question 7: Why did the Yellow Scarf Uprising break out at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty? At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Huan Ling was ignorant, and a large number of people lost their land because of the wanton annexation of land by the big landlords that the court had relied on for a long time. Zhang Jiao, Zhang Bao and Sean rallied a large number of believers in the name of preaching and treating diseases, and appointed the time for the uprising. However, Ma Yuanyi, the general of the rebel army, and others were captured and executed by * * * before the uprising. The uprising attempted to be exposed, and * * * began to raid the insurgents, so three zhangs had to rebel in advance.
The Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out in more than ten states, including Qingzhou, Yanzhou and Xuzhou. At that time, the Eastern Han Dynasty was in jeopardy, but it was quickly strangled under the joint attack of state priests, local landlords and the * * * army. Celebrities in the Three Kingdoms period, such as Sun Jian, Cao Cao and Liu Bei, began to emerge at this time (their status was not high). The uprising was suppressed, and the rest are still fighting. But this is not the worst. Worst of all, local governors took the opportunity to expand their armed forces, laying the groundwork for future separatist regimes.
Reason for failure: 1. The yellow turban insurrectionary army is loosely organized. Although there are many people (hundreds of thousands), most of them are women, the elderly or children. They lack fighting capacity and often go out with all their belongings (various farm tools), which is no match for the regular army.
2. Although the Eastern Han Dynasty was decadent, since the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the strength of local landlords has been very strong, and they have their own armed and economic foundation, which is unmatched by the Yellow Scarf Army.
Question 8: What were the uprisings in the late Western Han Dynasty and the late Eastern Han Dynasty? 1, peasant uprising at the end of the Western Han Dynasty (Xin Mang period is still generally regarded as the end of the Western Han Dynasty)
Major insurgents:
The outlaw hero [Tianfeng four years-the first year of Jianwu (AD 25)] was the largest and most important rebel in the last years of the New Dynasty.
At the end of the new dynasty, the failure of Wang Mang's New Deal aggravated social contradictions. At that time, Wang Kuang and Wang Feng brothers in Xincheng (now northeast of Jingshan, Hubei Province) often fought for the hungry, so they won the support of the people in Xincheng area. In Tianfeng four years, Wang Kuang and Simomo gathered hungry people and launched an armed uprising. Based on Lvlin Mountain (now northeast of Dangyang, Hubei Province), it is called "the hero of the Greenwood". After the outlaw hero uprising, Jingzhou area responded in succession, with many followers. In the second year of the new emperor (AD 2 1 year), the outlaw defeated Jingzhou loyalist and killed Zhou Mu, and the team expanded rapidly. The rebels split their troops and marched all the way to Nanjun, which was called Tingbing. All the way to Wan, they were called the new army, and they joined another rebel, Ping Bing Lin. Among them, the new soldiers accepted Ada from Nanyang and Liu Xiu from Nanyang. In the fourth year of the new emperor (AD 23), the outlaws made Liu Xuan, the imperial clan of the Western Han Dynasty, emperor, restore the title of the Han Dynasty, and establish a "new stove". Then the outlaw hero captured Kunyang (now Ye County, Henan Province), Dingling (now Northeast Wuyang County, Henan Province) and Yan County (now Yancheng City, Henan Province) and sent troops to attack Wancheng. Follwed then sent Wang Yi and Wang Xun to fight back, and the famous Kunyang War broke out. Finally, Wang Xun was killed and the main force of Xin Mang Army was destroyed. The outlaw hero immediately attacked Luoyang and Wuguan in two ways. In the first year of the restart (AD 23), the outlaw hero captured Chang 'an and Wang Mang was killed. In the same year, in June 65438+10, Liu Xuanbei was the capital of Luoyang. At that time, the Red Eyebrow Army had planned to join forces with Liu Xuan, but Liu Xuan refused. The following year, after Liu Xuan moved the capital to Chang 'an, the rebels clashed. Liu Xuan killed the uprising generals, and Wang Kuang and others were forced to join the Red Eyebrow Army. At the same time, Liu Xuan mistakenly sent Liu Xiu to Hebei to win over other forces. As a result, he set the tiger free. In the second year of the restart, the Red Eyebrow Army attacked the restarted regime from two aspects. The following year, he joined forces with Hongnong (now Lingbao North, Henan Province), entered Huayin, and made Liu Penzi, the imperial clan of the Western Han Dynasty, emperor. In the third year (AD 25), the Red Eyebrow Army captured Chang 'an, Liu Xuan surrendered and was strangled soon. The hero of the greenwood has since fallen.
Chimei Army [Tianfeng Five Years-Jianwu Three Years (AD 27)] was another large-scale rebel army in the last years of Xin Mang.
In the last few years in Xin Mang, there was a great famine in the world, especially in Qingzhou area. In the fifth year of Tianfeng, Langya people (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) led more than 65,438+000 hungry people to revolt in Juxian County (now Juxian County, Shandong Province), which was responded by the hungry people in Qing and Xu Dynasties (now eastern Shandong and northern Jiangsu), and the team grew to tens of thousands. They agreed that "the murderer dies and the injured pays." It is called "Red Eyebrow Army" because the eyebrows are dyed red to avoid being mixed with the disorderly army in the battle. In the third year of Emperor Huang (AD 22), Wang Mang sent a surname Wang Kuang. General Lian Dan (nephew of Wang Mang) and the army with more than 65,438+10,000 people resumed to suppress the Red Eyebrow Army, which defeated him in Changcheng (now southeast of Dongping, Shandong). Lian Dan died in battle. After the red eyebrow fought in Yanzhou (now the eastern part of Henan Province). In the first year of a fresh start, Fan Chong heard that the outlaws had breached Chang 'an and wanted to unite with him, but Liu Xuan refused. Soon there was civil strife among outlaws, and Wang Kuang led his troops to flee and surrendered to the Red Eyebrow Army, which greatly increased his strength. In the second year of the restart, the Red Eyebrow Army attacked the restarted regime from two aspects. The following year, he joined forces with Hongnong (now Lingbao North, Henan Province), entered Huayin, and made Liu Penzi, the imperial clan of the Western Han Dynasty, emperor. In the third year (AD 25), the Red Eyebrow Army captured Chang 'an, Liu Xuan surrendered and was strangled soon. At this time, the landlords in Guanzhong hoarded grain and organized armed resistance. In the second year of Jianwu (AD 26), the Red Eyebrow Army withdrew from Chang 'an for lack of food. At the beginning of the following year, Fan Chong was forced to surrender to Liu Xiu in Xin 'an (now Mianchi East, Henan Province) and Yiyang (now Henan Province). Soon, Fan Chong and others revolted again and were immediately suppressed, and the Red Eyebrow Army completely collapsed.
2. The rebels in the late Eastern Han Dynasty:
The Yellow Scarf Uprising was a large-scale peasant uprising war led by Zhang Jiao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The insurgents were wrapped in the yellow turban insurrectionary, so they were called the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, political corruption, extortion, and serious disasters made the people miserable, and farmers rose up one after another. During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Jiao, a native of Julu (now southwest of Pingxiang, Hebei Province), founded Taiping Road, claiming to be a great moral teacher, using magic and water to cure diseases as missionary means, and using religious secrets to publicize and organize the masses to resist the tyranny of the Eastern Han Dynasty. For more than ten years, there are hundreds of thousands of followers, distributed in Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan, Yu and other states, and divided into 36 parties (ministries) by region ...
Question 9: The novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with the story of the peasant uprising and the Yellow Scarf uprising in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
The Yellow Scarf Disaster, also known as the Yellow Scarf Uprising, was a peasant war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the largest religious uprisings in the history of China. It began in the seventh year of Han Dynasty (AD 184). At that time, the imperial court was corrupt, eunuchs and consorts were constantly fighting, border wars were constantly going on, and the country's situation was getting weaker and weaker. Because of the national drought, the crops were not harvested, taxes were not reduced, and poor farmers were cornered. Wearing a yellow turban and shouting the slogan "Heaven dies, Heaven should stand, and the world will be fine at the age of 60", launched a fierce attack on bureaucratic landlords and had a great impact on the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty court. In order to quell the rebellion, all localities have paid tribute to their soldiers. Although the uprising ended in failure, the situation of warlordism and the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was in name only, which finally formed a situation of tripartite confrontation.
Question 10: Fellow citizens, there was an uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. What's its name? Who is the leader? Zhang Jiao Zhang Bao Sean
Yellow Turbans Uprising
184 (the year of Jiazi), Zhang Jiao met his followers on March 5, with the slogan "Heaven dies, Huang Tian should stand, the year is in Jiazi, and the world is prosperous". "Heaven" refers to the Eastern Han Dynasty, and "Yellow Heaven" refers to Taiping Road. Moreover, according to the speculation that Wude has always said, the Han Dynasty was a fire virtue, and the fire was born in the soil and the soil was yellow. Therefore, believers wear the yellow turban as a symbol to replace corruption in the Eastern Han Dynasty. On the one hand, people were sent to write the word "Jia" as a token on the door of the * * * organ, on the other hand, they were sent to Jingzhou and Yangzhou to gather tens of thousands of people to prepare for usurping power, and several times they went to Luoyang to collude with eunuchs to seal Xu Feng and Xu Feng, in an attempt to be inside.
However, a month before the uprising, a disciple named Tang Zhou tipped off Ma Yuanyi, a servant in the capital, and Ma Yuanyi was cracked. The officers and men wantonly hunted and killed believers who believed in Taiping Road, killing more than a thousand people, and ordered Jizhou to hunt down Zhang Jiao. Because of this sudden accident, Zhang Jiao was forced to attack in February one month in advance, which was called the Yellow Scarf Uprising or the Yellow Scarf Uprising in history. Because the insurgents wore yellow turbans, they were called "yellow turbans" or "moth thieves". Zhang Jiao calls himself "General Heaven", while Zhang Bao and Sean are "General Earth" and "General Man" respectively. They burned the government, killed officials and robbed everywhere. Within a month, a war broke out in seven states and twenty-eight counties, and the Yellow Scarf Army was on a roll. Counties and counties fell, and officials fled, shaking Kyoto.