In this wave of "consumer finance plus leverage", JD.COM White Bar has made a striking slogan: Young people don't leave blank. For many young people born after 1995, such as Liu Xue, they have fallen into "JD". The white-striped fraud case left a criminal record and a stain on life.
"It's no problem to make a single order."
From June 2065438 to October 2008, Luo Yang didn't know why he was arrested until he was taken to the detention center. All this happened in the two days when I went out to play with my classmates nearly a year ago.
After finishing junior high school in Liuyang, a small town in eastern Hunan, Luo Yang attended a five-year junior college in Changsha, the provincial capital. Because "I really can't understand the teacher's lecture", he chose to leave halfway and went to a 4s shop as an auto repair apprentice, earning more than 2,000 yuan a month.
20 17 In late March, Hu Liang, a junior high school classmate, suddenly sent out an invitation to travel to other provinces. I don't have much contact with Luo Yang and Hu Liang. His impression of Hu is that he worked as a waiter and chef in a restaurant. I met him during the Spring Festival the year before last, and I feel that he is quite rich. It seems that he is making some IOUs from JD.COM, but he is still buying and selling things. Hu Liang has a girlfriend Wang Li, who goes to college in Guizhou. He rents a house and lives near Wang Li School. In addition, he likes playing games, charging 40 thousand to 50 thousand.
The destination of this trip to other provinces is a university in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. Hu Liang promised to be responsible for the travel expenses and accommodation in Los Angeles, and return 1 10,000 yuan. At that time, as long as he "helped a little", he could take a photo with his ID card and ignore everything else.
Luo Yang is a little excited. "Do a friend a favor."
When Hu Liang called Luo Yang, Luo Yang was playing games with another junior high school classmate, He Jun, with his voice on. After graduating from high school, He Jun studied in a university and graduated from 20 16. He majored in sales in an undergraduate college in Hunan.
"They said to go to Zhengzhou to play, and I really want to go because I like to travel and have never been to Zhengzhou." He Jun told this newspaper. At that time, he just wanted to play with them. When Hu Liang said that he was only responsible for the accommodation expenses in Luoyang, he immediately indicated that he would go with them at his own expense. "When I first started school, my family gave me living expenses." He Jun said.
Luo Yang remembers that on March 27th, 20 17, he and his boss took two days off and went to a university in Zhengzhou by train with He Jun. Two teenagers aged 19 had no idea that this trip would make their fate intersect with crime.
Luo Yang and He Jun met Hu Liang and his girlfriend. The four young people were in a good mood, talking and laughing. Downstairs in a university dormitory in Zhengzhou, Hu Liang took out two ID cards and told Luo Yang that he had contacted the interviewer of JD.COM Company, and then he could take photos with his ID card.
Luo Yang is not without hesitation. "I asked (the impostor) if he would come to me. He (Hu Liang) said, Don't worry, you'll find it then. If you kill me, I will help you pay back the money. You are not responsible. " Luo Yang's thesis said that he thought the worst consequence was that the college students on their ID cards came to him to pay back the money.
He Jun was also handed an ID card. Hu Liang promised to pay 500 yuan according to his order. "They all advised me to make a single order and said that I was not paralyzed. What am I afraid of? I think it's okay to play (between friends) and make a single order. "
White stripes on campus
Luo Yang and He Jun each took another person's ID card and walked into the dormitory of the JD.COM interviewer. The interviewer of 3354 is a college student.
In 20 14, JD.COM White Bar was launched, and the consumer finance market in China ushered in an important watershed. At that time, star products in the field of Internet consumer finance, such as JD.COM White Stripes, Ant Flower Buds and Ant Borrowing Buds, were launched one after another. The following year, "micro-loan" was born and expanded rapidly at an unprecedented speed. Consumption soared.
20 19 65438+ 10/8 "China consumer credit market research 20 18" was officially released at the high-level forum on consumer finance hosted by China and World Economic Research.
The research report shows that up to now, the number of approved consumer finance companies in China has increased from 4 in 2009 to 23. These 23 consumer finance companies include traditional commercial banks, licensed Gitzo consumer finance, consumer finance companies represented by e-commerce backgrounds such as Ant Flower Shop and JD.COM Baitiao, and numerous online small loan licenses.
20 15 In June, Xu Ling, then senior director of consumer finance in JD.COM, said in an interview with Xinhuanet that the scale of consumer finance market in China is expected to rapidly advance from10 billion to one trillion, while JD.COM Baizhi has helped Xiaobai users to improve their monthly consumption power by more than 100%. After 20 17 "Shuang 1 1", Xu Ling and Qin Shuo had a conversation: a new wave of consumption appeared in China, and the popularity of installment consumption and mobile payment deeply inspired consumers. From the financial point of view, staging is to leverage and realize your own consumption. In recent years, it is very popular among young people.
After several judgments, starting from 20 16, JD.COM Company launched a brand-new undergraduate application and credit method. You don't need to bind a credit card or bank card, just fill in the real information and contact information, and you can get the maximum credit limit of 15000 yuan through the face-to-face signing of JD.COM Company. For non-college students, it is still necessary to provide ID cards and bank cards bound to ID cards. At first, the face-to-face interview of college students was conducted by JD.COM company through remote video, and soon it was changed to face-to-face interview of part-time college students recruited by colleges and universities.
Sun Tianchi, a graduate student of financial law at Peking University Law School, demonstrated the legal nature of JD.COM. COM, and wrote "Gray Stripes", which is widely circulated. Sun Tianchi said that he didn't quite understand why JD.COM adopted a "very low-key and traditional" face-to-face approach. "Even if college students don't have credit cards, they basically have bank cards. Through bank card binding or face recognition, the risk of non-real name authentication can be completely avoided. "
The staff of JD.COM Baitiao Business Department told this newspaper, "Now it seems that the interview at that time was really inappropriate. Because the Internet pays attention to efficiency, it is more convenient for college students to sign in on their own campus. "
There is an online dating student, Wang, who is a college student in Xiangtan, Hunan. On 20 16, he opened a white note payment in a shopping mall in JD.COM, and soon found that there were loopholes in the use of white notes in JD.COM. You can easily find the true information about your student status through Xuexin.com. An interview can be called an impostor. If you fill in the contact information, you can really "blank" shopping. It is not easy to find out the long account period. So,
He "traded", organized personnel to collect college students' ID cards, found someone to pretend to be a real college student to write IOUs, and bought things and sold stolen goods for profit. According to the indictment of the Tianxin District Procuratorate in Changsha, Wang Gang is composed of two principals and seven accomplices, with a clear division of labor.
Luo Yang and He Jun impersonated to see JD. The face-to-face signing officer of COM is the key chess piece to impersonate others. Previously, Wang's people had submitted the information of college students who applied for IOUs, and the official automatically popped up the contact information of the interviewer of the corresponding school to contact the interview time.
"I have no money, I have to sign it."
In fact, before looking for Luo Yang and He Jun, Hu Liang had found many acquaintances. For example, another junior high school classmate, Liu Xue. 20 16, when Hu Liang found him, Liu Xue was attending junior college in a medical and health school in Hunan.
"He (Hu Liang) said, are you short of money? Give you a chance to get rich. You take your ID card and record a video. I don't want you to do anything. I'll give you 200 yuan. " Liu said that at that time, he was given 400 yuan on the spot to introduce him to Baitiao: "It's for college students, but it can't be a junior college student and needs an undergraduate course."
"I was in adolescence, and I was really short of money to make a girlfriend." Liu said that he remembered that the first three interviews were all face-to-face interviews pretending to be others, and they were all video interviews. About the first half of 20 16, when he was not 18 years old. "Hu Liang gave me a note with someone else's ID number, school, course, parents' contact information, etc. Just hide behind the camera and watch. At the end of the video, there are uncles and aunts, who should be employees of JD.COM Company. "
Liu said that he was very scared when he did face-to-face interview for the first time, but under the "MLM brainwashing", he did three face-to-face video interviews and three face-to-face campus interviews, worrying more and pretending to be six people.
The campus interview was probably in the second half of 20 16, and I followed Hu Liang to undergraduate colleges in Chongqing, Chengdu and Guangxi. "Hu Liang said take me out to play. On the way, he said that we have no money to use and we have to sign. " It took them more than three days to complete three interviews in three schools in three provinces.
Once, he asked Hu Liang, how much quota can you get every time I go to an interview? Hu answered him, 6000-8000 yuan, and then added: "I still have people above me."
The man above is Wang. According to the account, he also helped Wang pretend to be someone else to sign face to face. Later, he stopped pretending to be someone else, but found someone else to pretend to be him.
Liu Xue and Luo Yang are also curious about how Hu Liang and others got these fake student ID cards. Later, Hu Liang told them that, first of all, they would buy ID cards through QQ, and sellers would display a large number of ID cards in their QQ space. These ID cards are sold in 500 yuan and can be negotiated.
Then, they log in to Xue Xin. Com, a website dedicated to inquiring about academic qualifications and student status. The full name is "China Higher Education Student Information Network". You can register and log in to the website through your mobile phone number, and you can query relevant information by providing your ID number. In Sun Tianchi's view, Xuexin.com itself has no problem. "This is an open website, for example, it is convenient for recruitment agencies to understand the academic background of candidates."
But for Wang and others, this website is also "easy to use". It is not easy to get a calling card after real-name registration system. They found a virtual website that can generate a phone number, and registered and logged into Xue Xin with this temporary phone number. Because Xuexin.com needs verification, this virtual website can receive 100 verification code messages for ten yuan.
After logging in to Xue Xin. Com, they will check the ID number of the seller's QQ space one by one, and if they are confirmed to be undergraduates, they will buy this ID card and apply for opening a white note in JD.COM.
"Very accurate, don't waste a dime." Luo Yang said.
Knowing these "tricks", Liu Xue said that he would never do it again after finishing the last order, and also advised Hu Liang not to be possessed. But the two had a big fight about it.
"He (Hu Liang) said that if you don't do it, many people will. My brother does it and my friend does it. You have money, but you don't make immediate money. " Liu Xue recalled.
"Not at all, but the interview has passed."
Before meeting JD.COM, Luo Yang and He Jun were still very nervous.
"This ID card is in the northeast. They speak Northeast dialect. I am Hunan Plastic Mandarin. Will it be a gang? " Luo Yang told the newspaper that when he asked, Hu comforted and said, "The video interview may not pass, and the campus interview 100% passed."
Liu said that when he first started doing video interviews, he was also a little scared. "Hu Liang said,' Your nose looks like this man, and your eyes look like this man'. In fact, it's not like it at all, just an interview. "
Finally, the interview between Luo Yang and He Jun also proved that this was just a "false alarm".
Both of them confirmed the following information to the newspaper: after seeing them, the interviewer didn't say much, just took the ID cards they handed over, took photos of the front and back of the ID cards with a flat-panel interview machine similar to that held by the bank lobby manager, and then asked them to take another photo on their chests with their fraudulent ID cards, without looking at the photos on the ID cards at all. The whole interview process only takes two or three minutes.
After the filming, the interviewer "pointed to the machine in his hand and said, you take this to class, let the students write a white note, and then I'll give you a copy." "I heard that every time the interviewer applies for a white note, he can get a commission from 5 yuan." Luo Yang said.
In another university in Zhengzhou, Luo Yang signed a face-to-face appointment. "This is faster. The interview officer asked me to wait for him in the playground because he was going to physical education class. He ran over and said, it's you, and left after taking the photo. "
Liu said that he remembered that when he went to see a face-to-face signing officer, "(Hu Liang) took out 100 yuan and said to ask you to bring it up." When he saw the interview officer and handed over the cash, "he said' that's very kind of you' and then answered." Once before, he also brought milk tea to the interview officer.
Just a few minutes after Luo Yang and He Jun signed the contract face to face, Hu Liang's mobile phone received a message "Congratulations on the successful signing". Luo Yang made two face-to-face interviews, and got a blank quota of 6.5438+0.4 million yuan, and He Jun got 6,000 yuan.
Luo Yang learned that Hu Liang has more than a dozen old people's mobile phones dedicated to receiving verification information, and several smart phones have downloaded the Jingdong Financial App, which is dedicated to handling IOUs and ordering shopping. .
After Zhengzhou was finished, four young people bought air tickets and flew directly to Dalian, Liaoning Province-Hu Liang's girlfriend Wang Li also had a task, and this time she was going to pretend to be a female college student at a university in Dalian. Luo Yang remembers that the amount of IOUs Wang Li got was 6.5438+0.2 million yuan.
Wang Li sometimes needs to help Wang Liang sort out the order data, and take advantage of studying in remote areas to receive packages purchased in JD.COM.
After arriving in Dalian, Luo Yang and He Jun have placed orders to buy mobile phones, telephone watches, air purifiers and other items. The receiving address of these items happens to be a hotel in Dalian. Then from Dalian to Xiangtan, Hunan, where Wang's school is located.
According to the verdict, Luo Yang and He Jun only spent 8.3 yuan and 58 yuan on IOUs. Besides electronic products, Hu Liang also buys snacks such as chocolate.
On the second day in Dalian, Luo Yang had something to do and decided to fly back first. "(Hu Liang) He said that there is no money, and I will pay for the ticket myself." Others stayed in Dalian for a few days.
20 17 In the early morning of March 29th, Luo Yang took a taxi from Huanghua Airport and returned to his hometown of Liuyang, completely ending his inter-provincial tour. But he didn't expect that his impostor had been noticed by JD.COM Company.
Less than a year later, the police came to arrest him.
JD.COM Baitiao homepage slogan: Young people don't leave blank, spend money at will, pay first and then return.
"Small abacus" and "big business"
Changsha police investigation shows that Wang, Hu Liang and others are "traders", and they are a criminal gang that cheats by taking advantage of the loopholes in the audit of IOUs in JD.COM.
The court finally found out that from October to June of 2017,65438 10, the criminal gang * * fraudulently used the identity of 14 1 to activate the face-to-face visa and defrauded the credit line to buy mobile phones and other commodities in JD.COM Mall, resulting in a loss of nearly one million yuan for JD.COM company.
This is only a small number of people who rely on consumer finance to cheat and cash out. A White Paper on Anti-fraud of Digital Finance provided by the staff of Jingdong Financial Public Relations Department said that digital financial fraud presents new characteristics such as specialization, industrialization, concealment and cross-region, which poses a great challenge to traditional anti-fraud means. With the gradual enlargement of the volume and development potential of the financial market, the hidden risks exposed by it are also increasing day by day. According to statistics, in 20 17 years, the number of black market employees exceeded150,000, involving an annual output value of 1000 billion.
The staff of Jingdong Financial Public Relations Department told the newspaper that it is necessary for them to cooperate with the police to crack down on rampant illegal online production. By the end of 20 18, JD Finance had cooperated with local police to crack more than 80 cases of telecommunication network fraud, illegal intrusion into computer systems, loan fraud and infringement of citizens' personal information, arrested more than 500 suspects and avoided property losses of billions of yuan.
The staff of JD.COM Baitiao Business Department said frankly that enterprises bear their own risks, and those that can't be recovered can only be treated as "bad debts". In operation, "credit risk is still controllable, and the biggest risk is fraud risk".
For users who have suffered losses due to the theft of their ID cards, such as this case, JD Finance can exempt users from the repayment responsibility. However, they also said that JD.COM could afford such a loss. "The bad debt rate and asset loss level of JD.COM IOUs are lower than the industry average by more than 50%. In fact, compared with tens of millions of borrowers and tens of billions of borrowers, the losses caused by these criminal cases are very low. "
The newspaper noticed that JD.COM White had closed the channel for reviewing white face-to-face labels. In addition to filling in student status information, college students must also bind bank debit cards to make a good face.
The aforementioned "20 18 China Consumer Credit Market Research" indicates that the consumer finance market still has a broad development space in China. In the field of consumer finance alone, the scale climbed from 679.8 billion yuan in June of 20 10 to 8.45 trillion yuan in June of 20 18, and the proportion of domestic loans rose from 1.7% to 6.3%. The "Trillion Blue Ocean" predicted by the industry is becoming a reality.
"In the final analysis, for enterprises, this is just a business." As a professional criminal defense lawyer who has handled many major financial fraud cases, Liu Hong, the defender of Luo Yang, believes that cracking down on financial fraud can only cure the symptoms, and the fundamental solution is to bring all kinds of consumer finance enterprises into a unified supervision system, strengthen internal risk management and enhance risk control capabilities, so as not to give criminals an opportunity.
The newspaper noticed that an eye-catching slogan on the homepage of JD.COM Baitiao was: Young people don't leave blank, spend money at will, pay first and then return. "Consumption plus leverage, leaving no blank when young" is the survival logic of JD.COM's IOUs, Liu Hong thinks.
2018 February 13, the day before New Year's Eve, Luo Yang and He Jun, who were released on bail pending trial, walked out of the detention center. However, the label of fraudsters has been engraved on their resumes: after returning 20,000 yuan of stolen goods, Luo Yang was detained for 4 months, suspended for 6 months, and He Jun was fined 2,000 yuan.
For the parties to the case, the stain of life can no longer be washed away.
(In order to protect the privacy of the parties, Hu Liang, Liu Xue, Luo Yang, He Jun and Wang Li are all pseudonyms. )
Related question and answer: Why did JD.COM deposit 100 IOUs? This balance can't be lifted. That's just a limit. You can't return it until you use it. The risk control system in JD.COM will "identify" users according to their shopping habits, credit status, and the stability of the receiving address. , combined with various factors and data, and then quickly give the evaluation results of whether the "white strip" can be activated.