In the TV series, everyone has watched the activity of selecting a leader at the Beggars' Guild Conference, which is so huge that few people should be able to watch it now! In recent days, the Dali Beggars Association held a gathering of heroes from all walks of life to beg. We reviewed the origin and history of beggars' gangs through Dali Beggars' Congress.
Every year, on March 28th of the lunar calendar, it is a flower show in Dali, and it is also a rumored beggar's guild meeting in Jianghu. There are many beggars in Yunnan, which leads many people to beg. According to legend, this day is the birthday of Diwang Bodhisattva. Yan Xi will open the gates of hell and let people worship the dead, so people gather in the street in front of Dongyue Temple to pay homage to the dead, worship the Buddha and worship the ancestors, and remember the kindness of the Buddha. People believe that giving alms to beggars and doing good deeds on this day will get many blessings, which attracts many beggars around to queue up for begging, thus forming an annual "flower party".
Hanako will attract tens of thousands of people, with a sea of people, thick smoke and firecrackers. National Highway 2 14 is crowded with people, and Bai people make a fire and cook here. After cooking, they carried plates of rice, chicken, fruit, wine and tea to Dongyue Temple, and burned paper money and rosin under the trees of Dongyue Temple. The Bai old lady knocked on the wooden fish, muttered to herself and bowed down devoutly.
The Beggars' Guild Assembly is located near Dongyue Temple outside the west gate of Dali Town. At noon, villagers from various towns and villages in Dali gathered in this place, carrying laundry baskets full of paper money, meat dishes, pots and pans and other materials. They are in groups of three and five, under the tree, on the roadside, with pots and stoves in front of them, cooking stew with all kinds of food on it, as if the kitchen at home had moved to this place. On both sides are the Dizang King Temple and the shrine of Bai Lady Bai Jie, which is the center, surrounded by fireworks and various sacrifices placed along the road.
In the middle of the road leading to Dongyue Temple, beggars from all corners of the country occupy a favorable terrain. In front of them are begging plates filled with white rice and some small change. Pots or pockets are placed in front of the crippled and determined beggar brothers, and passers-by are holding a handful of change and distributing them one by one along the road. A brother of the Beggars' Sect did a good job, sorting bags, ten cents, twenty cents, fifty cents, and one yuan ... This situation is completely a vegetarian mountain village scene in ancient times. At this time, it seems that there is not much difference between giving and receiving. Everyone is full of hope and happiness!
Beggars' gangs that once existed in history are also famous gangs written by Jin Yong. Most of the members are beggars, and they are called "the biggest gang in the world" because of their large number. Helping people catch and train snakes, the unique skill of helping people is the martial arts "beating the dog stick", led by "eighteen palms of the dragon", and the martial arts "beating the dog stick", which has been passed down from generation to generation.
Beggars' Guild claims to be the largest gang in the world, with more than10 million members. At the peak of its development, the gang had tens of millions of members, with branches in the north and south of the river and outside the customs. The members held tens of thousands of official and private property, investment projects and assets.
From where it is, it looks like an endless sea; Because the amount of real estate assets cannot be estimated, both the government and the authorities turn a blind eye to its development. As long as it doesn't take part in the uprising, it won't take action to ban it, and it will cover all the beggars of past dynasties; Get together and fight for the gang, and act between good and evil.
Beggars' gangs have existed in the history of China. Of course, the leader of the Beggars' Sect doesn't have dog stick, and he doesn't know how to fight dragons with eighteen hands. But the beggars' gang is actually very powerful. The following excerpt is from the Beggar History written by mainland scholar Mr. Zhou Dejun. According to historical documents, beggars' gangs did exist in Song Dynasty. In the cities at that time, especially in Datong, the name of "Tuantou" or "Beggars' Head" appeared as the leader and symbol of beggars' gangs. A "Tuantou" is common in the scripts and stories of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The most typical one is the record in the section "Today's Women Beat Thin Lovers" in Ancient and Modern Wonders: in Hangzhou in the early Southern Song Dynasty, there was a beggar leader who passed down seven generations-"Tuantou Golden Boss". He is in charge of beggars in Hangzhou, collecting the money they pay, and providing corresponding care for beggars' lives. "Jintuantou" is like the patriarch and the old man among beggars, and enjoys considerable authority among beggars; Thanks to the sacrifices made by many beggars, he also took the opportunity to earn a well-off family with "more money in his pocket" and "more money in his pocket", so as to imitate the big families in the city and "borrow money to be maids". Therefore, although his family wealth is not as luxurious and heavy as the richest man in the city, he is also a famous rich man in the city.
Xiao Feng (Hu Jun), leader of the Beggars' Sect.
Now that there is a master, there is a beggar gang. Therefore, there is no doubt about the formation of beggar gangs in Song Dynasty. The study of social history further shows that the formation and development of beggars' gangs are generally consistent with the development of ancient secret society in China. That is, most of them were formed in the Song Dynasty, then developed in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and flourished in the Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Beggars' gangs in Song Dynasty were mainly concentrated in Lishe community in famous cities and market towns, but they had not yet formed a national organization. And most of them have obvious regional group characteristics. We can understand the beggars' gangs formed in this period of the Song Dynasty as the local gangster forces that appeared in post-modern Taiwan Province Province after World War II, that is, "horns"; The structure of the Yuan and Ming dynasties is also roughly the same, so it can be understood in this way.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, beggars' gangs became more developed. Almost every region has corresponding beggar organizations. Especially in Datong, it is very obvious. For example, there are two begging gangs in Beijing: "blue pole" and "yellow pole". "Huang Ji" is composed of poor children of the Eight Banners and belongs to an organization composed of senior beggars. The beggar's head is filled by the prince Baylor, which is equivalent to the school of clean clothes in Jin Yong's novels.
"Blue Pole" is an organization composed of ordinary beggars, and its leader is selected from ordinary beggars, so it can be regarded as the dirty clothes school in Jin Yong's novels. In the southwest of Hebei and the northwest of Shandong, there is a large-scale beggar gang called "poor religion". Sometimes called "rational behavior", its internal members are divided into dead twist, live twist and rod. There are factions in the "poor education" gang For example, the dead lady is divided into Han Gate, Qi Gate and Guo Gate. In Hailong, Jilin, beggars are divided into two categories: the big basket consists of blind, lame, deaf, stupid, dumb and paralyzed beggars, and the second cabinet consists of ordinary beggars. There are two factions of beggars' gangs in Wuxi: Liumen and Truman. The six courses are composed of beggars with skills such as medical skills, divination, astrology, geography, calligraphy, painting, chess, storytelling, typing, Taoist priests, fund-raising, flower drums and singing lotus flowers. And "Truman" can be divided into two categories: eastbound and westbound. There is a saying in Jianghu that "30 seats are big and 72 seats are small", which is probably made up of capable beggars and cheap labor. Beggars in Quanzhou are divided into local beggars and foreign beggars. Beggars in Kaifeng are called "poor households" or "on the pole"; In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, beggars' gangs are divided into "Three Rivers" and "Two Lakes". For example, most of the beggars' gangs in Hankou belong to the West Lake Sect, and there are sects under it; There are also "characters" under the clan, which can be described as flourishing. The beggars' gangs in Guangzhou are also quite large, and they are called "Guandi Tangmen". Its organizational network is centered in Guangzhou, and its influence reaches the nearby counties such as Nanhai, Panyu, Dongguan and Shunde. Beggars' gangs have gathered in Hongyandong, Chongqing. The beggar gang in Yunnan is called "helm" and the leader is called "helm". Its organizational form and name have a lot to do with society. The beggar gang in Lanzhou was called "casserole" and the beggar gang leader was called "Master Wan", which was once very popular.
All walks of life have their grandfathers, and beggars' gangs are no exception. Fan Dan, Zhu Yuanzhang, Song Wu, Qin Qiong and Wu Zixu. He was respected as the founder by the disciples of the Beggars' Sect, among whom he was the most "mighty" because he saved Kong's life. It is said that Confucius stopped cooking when he was in the state of Chen, and the relief he received would not starve to death. Therefore, beggars in later generations worshipped Fan Dan as their ancestor. They went door to door to beg for food from merchants who posted Spring Festival couplets on their doors, in order to get back a little favor for their ancestors from Confucius' disciples and grandchildren. Fan Dan in the Eastern Han Dynasty was a famous poor Han in history, and he also had contacts with Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period. Of course, this is the result of rumors.
There are more and more beggars who worship Zhu Yuanzhang in modern times. Zhu Yuanzhang was the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Hongwu. He was lonely when he was a child and was sent to Huang Jue Temple as a monk. However, the ill-fated Zhu Yuanzhang was expelled from the temple and reduced to begging from house to house. It is said that it started when he hit a cow bone. People in poor families call the ox bone "Taiping Drum" with thirteen small bronze bells on it. According to legend, one bronze bell can eat one province and thirteen bronze bells can eat thirteen provinces all over the country.
At that time, Zhu Hongwu went north to Beijing to take the exam, but failed to become famous. On the way, he suddenly fell ill with typhoid fever. Fortunately, he was saved by a poor family. When he became emperor, Zhu Hongwu issued a decree. Since then, beggars have used the Taiping Drum with thirteen bronze bells. Another rap flower drum begging originated from Zhu Hongwu's intention to restore the vitality of his hometown Fengyang after pacifying the world. One hundred and forty thousand rich people who migrated to the south of the Yangtze River all lived in Fengyang, and those who returned privately were strictly guilty. Due to years of war and barren fields, many people in Fengyang were displaced and became beggars. Therefore, the rich people in the south of the Yangtze River who moved here will pretend to be poor people every winter and sneak back to their original places by begging. Over time, they actually became beggars. A flower drum ballad sings well: "Fengyang used to be a good place. Since the birth of Zhu Yuanzhang, there have been nine years of famine in ten years. I have taken up the flower drum and traveled around the world. "
In times of peace when food and clothing are plentiful, it is not difficult for poor families to make a living in the kitchens of rich families, or even to pack up the kitchen leftovers and take them away. At wedding banquets and festivals, rap can make people laugh, please them with some auspicious jingles, and even win drinks or rewards for a long time. When a beggar has to learn from his teacher, the beggar head has unlimited authority and is responsible for the distribution of the site. If a little beggar fails to cash his head on time, he is beaten and scolded, driven out of the construction site to become a beggar, or even lynched in a gang, it is not uncommon to lose his life. Therefore, "a stick on a high mountain will live for a while." Beggars along the door are called Huaer Beggars, regardless of gender, age, lameness, blindness and deafness. Beggar organizations have strict portals and branches, including martial arts and literary works; There are street beggars, nail-headed beggars, stigma beggars, snakehead beggars and so on. In martial arts, even they insist on evil forms; There are beggars in literary works (playing the Taiping drum, playing bamboo boards to count treasures, singing flower drums, etc.). ), beggars who play music, beggars who mourn.
There are many people who can start ancient businesses now: "beggars", who are either "self-employed" or "corporatized" in groups to form gangs. This contemporary "occupation" is very different from before. They make money in this way, even get rich. In view of the loopholes in the law, it is generally considered shameful to hide in a place where moral supervision cannot be fully supervised.
They wandered in crowded commercial streets, railway stations and long-distance bus stations. They were mixed with real beggars and disabled people and had to sleep on the streets, but most of us didn't recognize them, and their legal punishment and moral condemnation were far from enough. When a person puts down his self-esteem and asks all strangers for the property needed to maintain his basic survival, his life is undoubtedly in the hands of others. However, times are changing and beggars are no exception. In modern life, it is difficult to distinguish between true and false, and beggars have also become the target "industry" targeted by some lazy people who are used to getting something for nothing, and "360 lines, each doing his own thing" have been fulfilled.
After capitalism swept the world, the importance of money became more and more prominent. The changes of various morals and laws in capitalist society and the influence of bad social thoughts, such as the popularity of money worship, are crazy "gold diggers" who ignore any legal morality for some people. As Marx said, "once there is a proper profit, capitalists will be bold." With a profit of 50%, you will take risks; For the profit of 100%, it dares to trample on all human laws; Profit 300%, dare to commit any crime, even take the risk of hanging. "
The Dali Beggars' Guild Conference was held, and Wang and heroes from all walks of life gathered to beg. Such a scene should be seen now, only at the Dali Beggars' Guild Conference!