The first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of China was the Daze Township Uprising, also known as the "Chen Guang Uprising".
In the autumn of the first year of Qin Ershi, Qin Zheng left poverty to defend Yuyang, and Chen Sheng and other more than 900 defenders were sent to defend Yuyang. On the way, I was blocked by heavy rain in osawa Township, Qixian County, and I couldn't reach my destination as scheduled. According to the law of the Qin dynasty, if it expires, it will be beheaded. In desperation, Chen Guang led the garrison, killed the commander who escorted the garrison, and launched a mutiny with the slogan "Great Chu Xing, Chen".
The insurgents elected Chen Sheng as a general and a captain, and even established the Zhang Chu regime in Chen County in Ozawa Township and Qixian County, and all localities responded in succession. Daze Township Uprising failed because of Chen Sheng's pride after seizing power and Qin General Zhang Han's suppression of Qin Jun.
Extended data:
Historical background
In order to resist the Huns, Qin Shihuang sent people to build the Great Wall, sent 300,000 troops and collected hundreds of thousands of civilian workers. In order to develop the south, 300,000 soldiers and civilians were mobilized. He also used 700,000 prisoners to start building a huge and luxurious Epang Palace.
When he ascended the throne for the second time, he recruited hundreds of thousands of prisoners and civilian workers from all over the country and built the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor on a large scale. This tomb is very large and deep, melting a lot of copper and pouring it on the foundation, which is covered with stone chambers, tombs and tombs. II also asked craftsmen to dig rivers, lakes and oceans in the tombs and fill them with mercury.
And then buried Qin Shihuang there. After burial, in order to prevent future grave robbers, craftsmen were also required to install killing equipment in the tomb. Finally, all the craftsmen who built the tomb were brutally buried in the tomb, and no one was allowed to come out.
Before the completion of the tomb, II and Zhao Gao continued to build Epang Palace. At that time, the population of China was only 20 million. Excluding children and women, there were almost two or three million people who recruited back and forth to build the Great Wall, defend Lingnan, repair Epang Palace and build tombs. I don't know how much manpower and financial resources have been spent, which has driven the people to complain.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Daze township uprising
The first peasant uprising in modern history
The first peasant uprising in the history of our country was the Daze Township Uprising.
Daze Township Uprising, also known as "Chen Guang Uprising", was a part of the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty. This uprising dealt a heavy blow to the Qin Dynasty and opened the prelude to the peasant uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty. This is the first large-scale civilian uprising in the history of China.
In the autumn of the first year of Qin Ershi, Qin Zheng left the poor to garrison Yuyang. Chen Sheng and more than 900 defenders were sent to defend Yuyang, but they were stopped by heavy rain in osawa Township, Qixian County, and could not reach their destination as scheduled.
In desperation, Chen Sheng and Guangwu led the garrison to kill the officers who escorted the garrison and launched a mutiny. The insurgents elected Chen Sheng as general and Guangwu as captain. Even Ozawa Township and Qixian County, and established the Zhang Chu regime in Chenxian County, all localities responded in succession.
The influence of the uprising:
Daze Township Uprising is the first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of China. The revolutionary initiative of Bobby Chen and Guangwu inspired millions of working people to rise up against cruel rule.
Chen Guang Uprising fundamentally shook the rule of the Qin Dynasty, created favorable conditions for Xiang Yu and Liu Bang to destroy the Qin Dynasty, and played an important role in the history of China peasant war, which was also an excellent education for the feudal rulers behind. The policy of recuperation and enlightened rule in the early Han Dynasty was greatly influenced by the peasant uprising.
The only successful peasant uprising
There are two, Liu Bang who started the Han Dynasty and Zhu Yuanzhang who started the Ming Dynasty.
1, Liu bang
Liu Bang, a native of Pei County, was the first emperor of Han Dynasty, one of the great pioneers of Han culture, and an outstanding politician, strategist and conductor in the history of China. He made outstanding contributions to the development of the Han nationality and the reunification of China.
Liu bang was born in a peasant family, and he was open-minded and did not care about production. Qin was then the curator of the Surabaya Pavilion in Pei County, and died in Mangdang Mountain for releasing criminals. Shortly after the Chen Sheng incident, Liu Bang rallied 3,000 children to respond to the uprising, captured Peixian and other places, called Pei Gong, and soon defected to Xiang Liang, served as the prefect of the Party and County, sealed the Hou of Wu 'an, and sent military forces to the Party and County. .
In 206 BC 10, Liu Bangjun entered Pakistan, and Zi Ying, king of Qin, surrendered to Liu Bang. The Qin Dynasty perished. Liu bang abolished Qin's harsh laws and made three chapters with Guanzhong elders.
After the Hongmen banquet, it was named Hanwang, ruling Bashu and Hanzhong areas. In the early period of Chu-Han War, there were many defeats and wars. However, he knew people well, paid attention to training, gave full play to the talents of his subordinates, paid attention to uniting forces against Xiang Yu, and finally turned defeat into victory.
After defeating Xiang Yu, he unified the whole country. On February 28th, 202 BC, Liu Bang made a decision on the Tao Yang of water? [? That is, the emperor, with its capital Chang 'an, is known as the Western Han Dynasty in history.
After he acceded to the throne, he wiped out Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu, Zangcha and other governors with different surnames, and divided the land into nine governors with the same surname. On the other hand, the establishment of rules and regulations, the adoption of a relaxed rest policy to govern the world, the demobilization of soldiers to return home, the exemption of corvee, the emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of business, the restoration of broken social economy, and the stability of feudal rule order.
It not only appeased the people, but also contributed to the rich cultural foundation of the Han Dynasty. Adopt the pro-Xiongnu policy, open the market with Xiongnu, and ease the relationship between the two sides.
In BC 195, Liu Bang was shot by a flowing arrow because of his crusade against Ying Bu rebellion. Later, he became seriously ill and collapsed in the same year. His temple names are Taizu and posthumous title Gao.
2. Zhu Yuanzhang
Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, was born in Fengyang, Anhui Province, and was of Han nationality. He was born in Zhongli, Haozhou, with the original name Chongba and later Xingzong. He joined the Guo Zixing army and changed his name to Zhu Yuanzhang. Politician, strategist, military commander-in-chief, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang was very poor when he was a child. He used to herd cattle for the landlord. /kloc-entered the ancestral temple in 0/344. At the age of 25, he took part in the Red Scarf Army uprising led by Guo Zixing against the Yuan Dynasty. 1356, was regarded as Wu Gong by his subordinates.
In the same year, Qing Ji Road was captured and changed to Yingtianfu. 1367, Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were ordered to send troops to the Northern Expedition with the slogan of "expelling Land Rover and restoring China".
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtianfu, with the title Daming Hongwu. In autumn, most of them were captured, ending the rule of the Yuan Dynasty in the whole country. Mongolian nobles fled to the north, and sixteen states of Youyun ceded by the late Jin Dynasty were also recovered. And pacify the southwest, northwest, northeast and other places, and finally unify China.
1398, Zhu Yuanzhang died of illness at the age of 7 1. The temple was named Taizu, and posthumous title created the Great Sage. Wu Junde succeeded to the throne as the high emperor and was buried in the Ming Tombs.
Extended data:
China has been a country mainly engaged in farming since ancient times, so farmers, as the most important part of China people, have been active in various dynasties. They are indispensable for the replacement of dynasties. Generally speaking, the establishment of the new regime is mostly related to the peasant uprising. Although there were many peasant uprisings in history, only Liu Bang, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor of the Ming Dynasty were truly successful.
Speaking of peasant uprising, you may think of "Linwang" Li Zicheng, saying that Li Zicheng was very powerful and successfully destroyed Ming Dynasty, which forced Emperor Chongzhen to hang himself in a crooked-neck tree in Jingshan Park.
But in fact, Li Zicheng didn't really die out, he just occupied Beijing. At that time, the Li Zicheng Uprising Army set out from Xi 'an, all the way from Datong to Juyongguan, and finally captured Beijing.
But it only occupied that part of Beijing, and it was not comparable to Huang Chao, another peasant uprising leader in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Huang Chao fought all the way from south to north, which was much more active than Li Zicheng.
Moreover, Li Zicheng's own ability is limited, and he is not a talented monarch like Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang, and the Dashun regime he established has not been recognized by the official history.
All kinds of peasant uprisings are recorded in history textbooks, whether in Li Zicheng or Huang Chao. Although their regime is not recognized as orthodox by history, their peasant uprising still occupies a place in history.
In the long history of China, only Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang successfully established a dynasty and continued it. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, established a powerful Han Dynasty, which lasted for 400 years. The Ming Dynasty established by Zhu Yuanzhang also lasted for more than 200 years.
Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang, in addition to the brothers of the peasant uprising, were accompanied by many capable intellectuals. These talents are the pillars after the establishment of the dynasty, which can help the emperor manage the laid country. Liu Bang is surrounded by Han Xin, Sean and Xiao He, all of whom are first-class talents.
Liu Bowen, Li Shanchang and other intellectuals around Zhu Yuanzhang are also world talents.
Therefore, in the end, both Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang were able to successfully establish dynasties and manage them in an orderly manner. Li Zicheng, Huang Chao and others are doomed to failure.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Bang
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Yuanzhang
The significance of that first peasant uprising
The significance of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement: it dealt a heavy blow to the decadent rule of the Qing Dynasty, accelerated the demise of the Qing Dynasty, and also dealt a blow to foreign invaders.
Lessons from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement: As representatives of small producers, the peasant class lacks the guidance of advanced theories and cannot undertake the heavy responsibility of leading the democratic revolution in China. The "one religion, one family" advocated by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made its leaders not really realize the essence of a big country, and finally they were suppressed at home and abroad and fell into failure.
1844, Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan preached in Guangxi and secretly carried out anti-Qing activities. /kloc-in the summer of 0/850, Hong Xiuquan issued a general mobilization order, calling on all local believers to "organize a camp" in Jintian Village, Guiping. 185 1 year 1 month 1 1 day, Hong Xiuquan gathered more than 20,000 people in Jintian Village, Guangxi Province to formally declare the uprising and establish the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, with Yang, Feng Yunshan, Xiao Chaogui, Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai as the leading core.
Extended data
New features of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement compared with previous peasant uprisings;
The background is different: most of the previous uprisings were caused by land annexation, political darkness and natural disasters. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement added another layer of war reparations.
Uprising forms are different: in the past, some uprisings used religion, but most of them were China's own religion, while the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom used foreign religions with distinctive characteristics of the times.
The thoughts of the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have changed, especially the progressives represented by Hong boldly put forward a plan to develop capitalism, which went beyond the limitations of the peasant class to some extent.
During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, he had contacts with foreigners. When western powers offered to support the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in exchange for national interests, they were rejected by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. These phenomena are impossible problems in previous peasant uprisings.
The failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was the result of joint suppression by Chinese and foreign reactionary forces.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement
What are the three uprisings?
In the history of our party, there were three armed uprisings. What are these three armed uprisings? What are the names of the uprising teams? What are the lessons?
First of all, we should make it clear that the three armed uprisings refer to Nanchang Uprising, Autumn Harvest Uprising and Guangzhou Uprising respectively.
Nanchang Uprising
The leaders of Nanchang Uprising were Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng. Its significance lies in the fact that the Nanchang Uprising was an armed uprising with overall significance directly led by China's * * * production party. It fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, declared the firm stand of China * * * Production Party to carry out the China Revolution, and also marked the beginning of China * * * Production Party's independent establishment of the revolutionary army and leading the revolutionary war. The Nanchang Uprising team followed the designation of the National Revolutionary Army.
This is an advertisement for troops after the Nanchang Uprising, indicating that the team is the third army of the National Revolutionary Army:
This is another advertisement after the Nanchang Uprising, signed by Commander-in-Chief of the Second Front Army of the National Revolutionary Army:
According to the headquarters of the army, it is full of revolutionary spirit.
The Nanchang Uprising was originally intended to save the country and the people.
I moved thousands of miles to Guangdong to practice socialism.
Protection for mass organizations is very strict.
For business compatriots, buying and selling is especially fair.
If soldiers are harassed, they are allowed to be tied up and sent to the camp.
Our army has strict discipline, hell to pay, and will never take sides.
I sincerely hope that all citizens can work with peace of mind, and hereby solemnly declare!
the Autumn Harvest Uprising
The Autumn Harvest Uprising was an armed uprising held by the revolutionary army of workers and peasants led by Mao Zedong in eastern Hunan and western Jiangxi on September 9th, 1927. It is another famous armed uprising led by China * * * Party after the Nanchang Uprising, and it is one of the three major uprisings in the history of the Party History Army in China. The outbreak of the autumn harvest uprising is of great historical significance and an important turning point in the revolutionary process, which created conditions for the establishment of the Red Army and the Jinggangshan revolutionary base.
1927 On September 9th, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the first division headquarters and the first and fourth regiments of the First Army of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants held a famous autumn harvest uprising in Xiushui, and the first flag of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants fluttered in the wind. Finally, the bottom of the flag was determined to be red, symbolizing the revolution. The five stars in the center of the flag represent China * * * Production Party, and the sickle and axe in the five stars represent workers and peasants. The words "First Division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army" are written on the white sleeve on the left side of the flag. Generally speaking, the First Division of the First Army of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants is the armed workers and peasants under the leadership of the China Production Party.
"The army is called the workers' and peasants' revolution, and the flag is a sickle and axe. If the Guanglu area does not stop, it will go straight ahead. " Landlords are tyrannical, and all farmers have the same hatred. During the autumn harvest, there was a dark cloud of sadness and a thunderbolt of violence. 1927 On September 9th, under the personal leadership of Mao Zedong, the Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out. The first division headquarters and the first and fourth regiments of the First Army of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants blew the revolutionary horn, and the first flag of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants flew high in Xiushui ancient city. The second and third corps also started riots in Anyuan and Tonggu. From then on, the raging fire of armed struggle quickly spread to the vast land of eastern Hunan and western Jiangxi, and a golden autumn catastrophe threatened the enemy on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi.
Guangzhou Uprising
The leaders of Guangzhou Uprising, Zhang, Zhang and Zhang, are of great significance. The Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China carried out the spirit of the August 7th meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and under the direct guidance of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, led the workers, peasants and soldiers and revolutionary soldiers in Guangzhou to carry out a large-scale violent revolution. It is another heroic counterattack against the Kuomintang reactionaries after the Nanchang Uprising and the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the Hunan-Jiangxi border, and a bold attempt to establish Soviet political power in the city.
1927 65438+February 1 1 in the early morning, the Guangzhou Uprising shocked China and foreign countries. The leading organs of the uprising announced the organization of "Outside the Red Flag" and announced the list of leaders of the Red Army of workers and peasants. Workers, peasants and soldiers who participated in the uprising played the banner of "Red Army of Workers and Peasants" on the day of the uprising. 1928 On May 25th, the China Production Party Central Committee decided that the National Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants was officially named the Red Army.
Similarities and differences of three uprisings
The revolutionary goal is to win the independence and prosperity of the Chinese nation;
They all took the central city by armed struggle under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee.
The result of failure proves that it is not feasible for China Revolution to copy the road of Russian October Revolution.
It has created a precedent for the party to lead the armed struggle independently to seize political power, and opened the prelude to the establishment of the people's army and the establishment of rural revolutionary base areas, which is of great historical significance. but
These three armed uprisings have different characteristics:
The rebels of Nanchang Uprising did not have their own flags;
The insurgents of the autumn harvest uprising played the banner of the revolutionary army of workers and peasants, which laid the foundation for opening up the first rural revolutionary base area and establishing the party's absolute leadership over the army.
Guangzhou Uprising established a Soviet government in Guangzhou under the banner of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants.