World War I was not over yet, but the British couldn't wait to carve up the overseas territory of the Ottoman Empire. The line drawn by the British Prime Minister is to sit at the dinner table with France, establish Ottoman territory in the Middle East as the sphere of influence of the two countries, and formally carve up this delicious big cake.
The demarcation line drawn by the British Prime Minister was recognized by the French. Finally, the two countries signed the Sykes-pickett Secret Agreement in May of the following year, which reflected this line in the formal agreement document.
An old British man drew a simple line thousands of miles away, which will create the only Jewish state in the world? The birth of Israel. What line did the English old man draw? It can actually produce a country. Next, let's tell the story behind the birth of Israel.
1, a two-faced Englishman
Jews have always been in a very embarrassing position in Europe. They do not belong to their own sovereign state. Jews wander between European countries, and most of them become businessmen, craftsmen and other occupations to make a living. But to Europeans, the Jew is an out-and-out outsider, not only occupying the local position, but also playing a long-term role? Private banker? For profit.
Jews who are excluded everywhere in Europe certainly want to find a paradise belonging to Jews. They first invested in colonizing North America with foresight, which occupied a certain position in the developing United States, but it was not enough for a large number of Jewish groups, and Jews would still be given a cold shoulder in North America.
Jews in the eyes of Europeans
At the end of19th century, many people took part in the battle? Zionism? The proposer of the slogan made the whole Jewish community ready to move. They are too eager to own their own territory and establish their own country without being discriminated against by white eyes. They took a map of the world, saw Europe from America, even tried the idea of East Asia, and finally found in despair that there was no place for Jews to live in the world.
But at this time, the British extended a helping hand, and the Jews at that time occupied a great voice in the upper class of the United States. In order to please the Jewish community in the United States, Britain, which was gradually declining, published the Balfour Declaration at19171.2. The content is not complicated, that is, it claims that Britain will help Jews win a piece of land in Palestine and help them establish their own sovereign state.
Belfort Declaration
Are the British really that kind? Don't be naive. Just a blank check. Because the British had previously signed the Sykes-pickett Secret Agreement with the French, and this land was divided to the French. Of course, this is a secret agreement that no one knows except Britain and France. In addition to France, the British also promised this land to the local Arabs. As long as the Arabs were willing to resist the Ottoman Empire, the British claimed that this land would also belong to them.
To put it bluntly, the British gave this land to three families, and the Jews were just one of them. But the Jews didn't know that the British had hidden so many things. They really believed the blank check written by the British without any promises and credit.
For Jews, this is the only chance to establish a country independently after 1900 years, and it is also the first time to be recognized by a big country, which is completely rare. Therefore, whether Jews are true or not, a large number of Jews scattered around the world began to migrate to Palestine and began to seek Jewish rights there.
The British are also notoriously thick-skinned. After discovering oil near Kirkuk, France, they decided to tear up their previous agreement with the French. However, the British route still has considerable influence. On the map of the modern Middle East, the left half of the border between Syria and Iraq is still a straight line, while the right half has drawn a circle to the north.
The boundaries drawn by the British
Finally, at the San Remo meeting on 1920, Britain and France began to formally divide the spoils. The British took Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Palestinian territories in the form of trusteeship, and the French took Syria.
And the previous promises to the local Arabs and the Jewish state? What the hell is that? I in the British Empire have never said that! In short, the British have broken their word, or have no intention of keeping their promise at all.
2. Jewish attacks
Although the British turned against each other and didn't give the land to the Jews, at least they said that the British Empire still wanted it. When a large number of Jews began to move and settle in Palestinian areas, the British did not interfere or stop them too much.
With the endorsement of the Balfour Declaration, Jews also vigorously developed their power in Palestine. 1922, there were only about 84,000 Jews in Palestine, accounting for 1 1% of the total Palestinian population. By 1936, there were more than 360,000 Jews in Palestine, accounting for more than 27% of the population.
To put it bluntly, the relatively loose trusteeship system adopted by the British government for Palestine basically ignores local specific affairs without affecting British interests. But also because there is no suppression by the British government, the conflict between Jews and local Arabs is becoming more and more acute.
Local Arabs are aborigines, but foreign Jews account for almost 30%, which can't make Arabs panic. At this rate, it cannot be said that Palestine will be transformed into a Jewish state, and Arabs have no right to speak. Because Jews are good at business, they almost monopolize most of the Palestinian economic market, which further intensifies the contradiction.
Facing the increasingly tense trend, the Jews finally established a school called? Hagana? (Hagana) Military organization. In the end, with the escalation of the conflict between Jews and Arabs, and even the military confrontation behind it, local civilians were killed and injured, and even Britain's interests here were greatly damaged. Only then did Britain realize the seriousness of the situation.
Hagana
Finally, 1937, the British put forward? Pierre's partition plan? The content is to divide Palestine into two parts, separate Jews from Arabs and avoid conflicts. In this British plan, Jews can get 20% of Palestinian land, thus establishing a sovereign state belonging to Jews; The Arabs will get 70% of the land in Palestine and will merge with Jordan; The British ruled the remaining 10% territory directly.
But where can Jews be satisfied? At the beginning, it was you British who wrote in black and white in the previous declaration that all Palestine should be given to Jews. The result is now 20% of the area, only over 5,000 square kilometers. This is not a bluff. But who made the British fist bigger, despite the dissatisfaction within the Jewish community, after discussion, they finally decided to accept the British plan.
But the Jews accepted, and the Arabs next door were still not satisfied. After all, Palestine is the land where Arabs have lived for generations, but now it is divided into a group of Jews in vain, and this is a group of pagans who accept different teachings, which is even more unbearable!
Jew
All Arabs repeatedly harassed and invaded the Jewish areas here, and finally 1939 was honest under the compulsory intervention of the British. But by chance, the second world war in Europe is about to burn to the British themselves, so they have no energy to take care of the trivial matters of overseas territories.
So, in order to appease the Arabs, the British finally announced their views on the Arabs. White paper? . The contents include helping Arabs to build their own country independently within ten years, and limiting the number of immigrants in the Jewish neighborhood next door to no more than/kloc-0.5 million per year.
3. The birth of Israel
During the whole World War II, the situation in the whole Palestinian area was fairly stable, because the British gave the Arabs a white paper. But it was not until after the Second World War that the Palestinian mess was put before the British.
After World War II, Britain's national strength was greatly consumed, and the glory of the empire had long since disappeared. Now it's Mei Su's turn to speak. Britain, which has lost its right to speak, is naturally not as powerful as it was on the eve of World War II, and it has been unable to suppress the situation in Palestine.
In addition, Jews have also received a lot of sympathy in international public opinion. During the whole World War II, Jews were persecuted in Europe, and the Jewish refugee camps all over Europe also caused a lot of trouble to the local countries, so the whole international public opinion was biased towards supporting Jews to establish their own country independently.
The flag of Israel
However, Arabs are certainly unwilling. We can sympathize with the unfair treatment you Jews have received, but it is not negotiable to build a country with land. Arabs are not Germans who persecute you. If you want land, you should let the Germans go. This was the idea of Arabs at that time.
In the face of Jewish refugees from all over the world pouring into Palestine, the British can only hold their noses and implement a white paper to limit the number of Jewish immigrants. British warships intercepted a large number of Jewish refugees at sea. But this made the British suffer greatly. Angry Jews even attacked British territory in Palestine, which once again made the issue of Palestinian ownership more difficult.
Both sides were unhappy, and the British simply broke the jar and threw the problem in front of the United Nations. The line that the British were proud of 32 years ago has now become the biggest trouble for the British.
At that time, the United Nations accepted the big issue of land ownership for the first time. Finally, the special investigation committee established by the United Nations decided to hand over 57% of Palestinian land to the Jews, while the Arabs got the remaining 43%, and the United Nations took over the remaining sporadic liaison points between the two places.
Issued by the United Nations, Green Israel
Jews seem to have a great advantage, but in fact, more than 90% of the 57% land they own is the Negev desert, which is almost completely unsuitable for human survival except oasis. On the other hand, on the Arab side, although the land is smaller, the environment is much better than that of the Jews.
Although the land obtained by Jews is similar, it is 1.5 times more than that obtained by Pierre's partition plan ten years ago. What is there to be dissatisfied with?
On the afternoon of May 1948, Jewish leader Ben Gurion read the Declaration of Independence to the outside world. The Jews who drifted for more than a thousand years finally had their own sovereign state, and Israel was formally born. On the same day, the United States recognized the legitimacy of Israel, 17, and the Soviet Union also recognized Israel.
4. Modern Israel
After Israel's independence, as the only Jewish country in the world, living in the Middle East, it is naturally unpopular with neighboring Arab countries. However, American Jews are not a small force, and the Jewish community is notoriously United. In addition to burying nails in the Middle East, American Jewish high-level officials have also made a lot of efforts to help Israel.
1948 Israel declared its independence at the United Nations.
After several wars in the Middle East, Israel's backbone has not broken. On the contrary, this Jewish state, which has been drifting for more than 1000 years, is getting stronger and stronger and still becomes a pearl in the Middle East. Not only militarily, but also economically, it belongs to the first echelon in the Middle East.
What is even more surprising is that Israel has begun to afforest everywhere in the loess desert. So far, Israel's drip irrigation technology is world-class. Relying on the exclusive technology of water-saving agriculture, Israel's farming in this desert country has also become colorful, which has to make people admire the cleverness of Jews.
Jerusalem
As a country in the Middle East, although Israel has not relied less on American aid, it is not unreasonable for Israel to become a powerful country in the Middle East. Jews finally have their own home, and have become the number one power in the world, which should be the greatest comfort for those Jewish ancestors who shed tears for Israel's struggle for independence and statehood.