Adjacent Guangxi Rongjiang, Sandu, Libo and Huanjiang also have a small distribution.
1980 is listed as one of the eight local pig breeds in China; 1982 was included in the second episode of Pig Raising in China; 1993 has been listed as a national second-class protected livestock breed by the Ministry of Agriculture, and 1999 has been awarded the title of "Famous Product of China International Agricultural Expo". In 2000, the Ministry of Agriculture announced that 130 was included in the National List of Livestock and Poultry Variety Resources Protection. In 2004, it was awarded "Certificate of Registration of Marks of Origin" by AQSIQ.
Congjiang county was named as "the hometown of China fragrant pigs" at the first naming publicity activity conference of "the hometown of China's top 100 specialties" from 65438 to 0995.
In 2009, it won the title of "China Geographical Names Protection Product"! According to legend, it was here that Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo in the Three Kingdoms period. After Meng Huo surrendered, he entertained the Shu army with fragrant pigs, and roast suckling pigs were born, and Congjiang fragrant pigs also entered the historical stage.
Congjiang Xiang pig has been introduced and propagated in other areas because of its pure genes and excellent breeds, and a series of miniature pig breeds (Bama, Bai Jian, etc.) have been formed. ) has been derived. Therefore, the state attaches great importance to it, and has established the only "fragrant pig breeding base" in congjiang county, which has been designated as the research object of relevant departments (Guizhou Agricultural College, Guangxi Animal Husbandry College, Beijing Agricultural University, Northeast Agricultural College, Jiangsu Agricultural College, etc. ).
Congjiang Xiang pig is particularly short, with a straight head, shallow and few wrinkles on his forehead, an inverted figure of eight in the longitudinal direction, no non-woven hair, a hairless halo around his eyes, a black coat with sparse luster, few tail ends, four hooves and a white forehead.
The skin is thin and thin, the mouth is round and sharp, the snout is pink or black, the ears are small and thin, slightly extended to both sides or slightly drooping, the body is short, the back and waist are wide and concave, the abdomen is big and round, touching the ground, the hindquarters are plump, the limbs are thin and short, the forelimbs are upright, the hindquarters are mostly lying, and the nipples are 5-6 pairs (more than half).
According to its size, it can be divided into two types: one is larger, the body is longer, the limbs are thin and short, the head and mouth are slightly thick, and the ears are drooping.
The other is small in size, short in body, wide in back and waist, large in abdomen, small in head, thin in mouth, slightly erect in ears and slender in limbs, accounting for about 70% in number.
The world-famous miniature pig is a national second-class rare protected animal, mainly produced in the jungle cottage of Jianhe County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province. Its staple food is wild plants, which has attracted great attention of scientists for its unique flavor, freshness, naturalness and no pollution.
According to expert appraisal, Bai Jian Xiang pig is rich in essential amino acids and trace elements.
The company's products are made from Bai Jian Xiang pig, combined with Guizhou traditional folk crafts and modern science and technology. Delicate meat, delicious color and rich nutrition. It is a contemporary high-grade nutritious food and gift.
Bai Jian Xiang Pig grows in a closed ecological environment, where Miao, Dong and other ethnic minorities live. The original ecology here is natural, rich and pure.
Bai Jian Xiang Pig has been a local purebred pig breed for local ethnic minorities for thousands of years, which is also commonly known as "radish pig" by local people.
From Qiandongnan Prefecture, which was awarded the reputation of "the hometown of China fragrant pigs" by the Ministry of Agriculture! From Qiandongnan, one of the top ten "back to nature" tourist destinations in the world, which is determined by the United Nations World Cultural Foundation! From one of the global 18 eco-cultural protection circles awarded by the World Local Cultural Protection Foundation (there are two in Asia: China * * * and Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou)!
The main producing areas of Bai Jian Xiang pigs are mainly concentrated in Nanjia, Nanzhai, Panxi, Mindong and Guanyao towns in Jianhe County, Qiandongnan Prefecture. Listed as a national second-class protected animal by the Ministry of Agriculture, it is a primitive pig breed with a long history cultivated by Jianhe minority compatriots. It is a special wild boar, which is adapted to the local natural environment, living conditions of ethnic minorities and production customs after 1000 years of natural evolution and human cultivation.
The living and natural conditions in Jianhe County, which is located in traffic jam, scattered residence and scarce Shan Ye, determine the inbreeding of "Bai Jian Xiang Pig", with homozygous genes, no degeneration and no variation; It is decided that "Bai Jian Xiang Pig" is mainly a wild plant, pure and pollution-free.
Bai Jian Xiang pigs are mainly raised by grazing or semi-grazing, usually once in the morning and once in the evening. Pigs usually go to the deep forests around the village to forage for wild fruits and grass roots, so I heard that Xiang pigs have strong running ability and more lean meat.
Its meat is crisp and tender, fat but not greasy, and delicious. Because of its unique flavor, fresh, natural and pollution-free, it has attracted people's attention. It is rich in essential amino acids and trace elements.
Because the meat skin of Jianbaixiang pig is thin and tender, and it tastes delicious, all kinds of eating methods are delicious, such as boiling, frying and roasting.
When cooked, the meat is * * *, fat but not greasy, original and delicious; Stir-fried, the color is Huang Liang, the fragrance is fragrant, the taste is delicate and moist, and the lips and teeth are fragrant.
Bai Jian Xiang pig is called "double-headed black" in Jianhe, because the head and tail of this pig breed are black and the middle is white.
Ears are almost equal in length and width, extending horizontally to both sides, with drooping ear tips, short neck, slightly concave back, short limbs and short hind limbs.
Abdomen droop and don't mop the floor, * * * are arranged neatly, mostly 6 pairs, with flat forehead, rotating hair and many hind limbs. This kind of pig is short in stature, pure in gene, pollution-free, strong in disease resistance and resistant to roughage. Locals call it "radish pig", which is raised in towns and villages such as Taiyong, Nanshao, Panxi, Cen Song, Liuchuan and Ge Dong in Jianhe County.
According to animal husbandry technicians, Bai Jian Xiang pig grows slowly, but its reproductive performance is strong and stable.
The average litter size of sows is 6.8, the mating cycle is usually 7-8 years, and the length can reach 10 year.
65438-0999 Bai Jian Xiang Pig has been proved by the germplasm research of Guizhou University that the pork is tender and delicious, and rich in amino acids and trace elements needed by human body. It is a good raw material for processing meat food, which is of great help to human health and has the effect of beauty and longevity.
"Bai Jian Xiang Pig" has four characteristics: small, fragrant, pure and clean. It has high nutritional value and development value, and has been unanimously recognized by experts. It is a world-famous pig breed and an ideal pig breed for processing high-grade pork products.
It is understood that the production process of Bai Jian Xiang pig is slaughter → dissection → deboning → pickling → cold hanging → baking → sterilization → inspection → packaging and warehousing.
This ensures its original flavor and original flavor.
Small fragrant pig-the collective name of small fragrant pig.
At first, in many places abroad, I liked to keep pigs as pets.
There are many kinds of fragrant pigs, and most of them are short, which is very suitable for being a pet pig.
There are many kinds of Xiang pigs in China, including Tibetan Xiang pig, Huanjiang Xiang pig, Congjiang Xiang pig, Wuzhishan Xiang pig and Bama Xiang pig.
But only Bama Xiang pig can be a pet pig, because it is small and beautiful in color.
Xiao Xiang pig belongs to the category of "gifted and extremely intelligent" in the pig family. He is lively and active, very human, and will recognize his master. As long as the master is kind to him, he will repay the master with excellent performance.
After birth, I will use my sense of smell to identify my master, and I am very wary of strangers.
Its "eyes" are not good, its sense of smell and hearing are excellent, and it can find its owner by smell like a dog.
As a "noble" among pigs, Xiang Pig loves cleanliness very much. After he was born, he knew there was a special place to go to the toilet, and he would never eat or drink Lazar in one place.
Curious, omnivorous, not picky eaters, you can eat dog food or porridge, and you can add vegetables and carrots (but don't add meat food, it is difficult to digest). It will be your ideal family pet!
Pets are really getting different, and even "avant-garde" people lead pigs to the streets.
Of course, this pig is not a pig, but a cute and delicate pet "Xiang Pig".
There is a pet pig called Maidou (a cartoon character with personality produced in Hong Kong), which is more than 30 centimeters long and weighs about 5 kilograms, mainly from Japan, France, Thailand and other places.
Different countries have different skin colors. Japan has black and white spots, but France has golden hair, which is called "golden pig".
Bama Xiang pig originated in Bama Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi.
It is a rare and precious local miniature pig breed with a long breeding history and stable heredity.
1March, 1995, Bama was named as "the hometown of China fragrant pigs" by the National Specialty Economic Committee, and Bama fragrant pigs went down in history as a local specialty.
Bama Xiang pig is precocious, handsome in appearance, short, small, short and round; Wide breeding, strong adaptability and strong disease resistance; The largest adult is about 45 kg, and the sow is generally used for eight years, up to fourteen years at the longest.
Bama Xiang pig is world-famous, with thin skin and fine meat, thin carcass, bright red muscle, tender muscle fiber, white fat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. It is more delicious than civet cats, and smells delicious when cooking. Known as the "aristocratic family" of pigs, it has the reputation of "a neighbor of cook the meat is fragrant, and its taste is heard seven miles away".
Therefore, Bama Xiang pig has a wide range of uses and a very broad development prospect.
Bama Xiang pig is handsome in appearance, short, small, round and precocious.
Appearance and color characteristics are mainly black at both ends and white in the middle. Some individuals have slightly dark spots on their backs and waists, and white lines or inverted triangular white spots on their foreheads, commonly known as "two black heads" and "banana pigs".
Piglet's fur is thin and shiny, and its skin is rosy and delicate. Adult pigs have long fur, especially boars, whose fur and mouth are as thick as those of wild boar.
Bama Xiang pig has strong resistance to roughage, strong adaptability and strong disease resistance; Sexual maturity is 99 ~ 127 days (boar secretes gonads at the earliest 16 days and can produce * * *, generally 26 ~ 50 days), and the sexual maturity weight of sow is 14 ~ 2 1 kg; Adult weight is 35 ~ 45 kg.
The slaughter rate of 8 ~ 10 kg piglets was 6 1%, the proportion of hind legs was 28.47%, the carcass lean meat rate was 59.36%, and the eye muscle area was 5.74 cm ㎡.
Postpartum sows have two fetuses a year, with an average of 1 1.5, and the weaning rate is over 95%.
Xiang pig is precocious and fattening, with thin skin and thin bones, tender and juicy meat, rich flavor, no fishy smell for suckling pigs, no seasoning when cooking, and a fragrant smell. It is the best material for processing high-grade meat products and the first choice for roast suckling pigs.
Xiang pig is resistant to coarse feeding, has few diseases and is easy to raise, and is suitable for rural breeding.
First, the economic analysis of breeding Xiang pigs
(a) the characteristics of Xiang pig:
Xiang pig has the characteristics of small body, thin skin, tender meat, fine bone, early maturity and high quality meat. Xiang pig's body is short and pithy, its coat color is all black, its skin is thin and tender, its bones are small, its head is medium straight, its mouth is medium long, its forehead and face have longitudinal wrinkles, its shapes are diverse, and its ears are small and lotus-shaped.
Slightly forward, slightly drooping or horizontally extending to both sides, with short and thin neck, slightly concave back and waist, large abdomen, sloping hips, long tail, short and thin limbs, correct posture of forelimbs, lying hind limbs, and more than 5 pairs of sows.
Congjiang Xiang pig and Huanjiang Xiang pig have slightly different head shapes. Huanjiang Xiang pig's head is bigger, its forehead is wide, its mouth is short and thick, and its size is slightly larger than Congjiang Xiang pig's.
(2) Breeding benefit of Xiang pig:
Xiang pig is resistant to roughage, adaptable and easy to manage, but its growth is slow.
Tolerance to roughage: Xiang pigs mainly eat grass and often eat green feed such as weeds and fragrant rice, which makes suckling pigs have a special flavor. Each sow (2-4 months old) consumes an average of 0.2kg of concentrated feed and green feed 1kg per day.
Pregnant and lactating sows consume an average of 0.4 kg of concentrated feed and 2 kg of green feed per head every day, with less feed consumption.
Strong adaptability: Xiang pig has strong adaptability to climate and seldom gets sick, but Xiang pig is timid and easy to escape. Therefore, the pigsty should be high, the environment should be quiet when raising, and the sports ground should be large.
Easy to manage: Xiang pig has early sexual maturity, resistance to inbreeding and genetic stability.
Boars weighing 8kg at the age of 2 months will have climbing behavior and will be bred at the age of 3 months.
Sows can be bred at the age of 3 months and 4 months, with an average litter size of 7 ~ 10.
The ratio of male to female is 1: 8 ~ 10.
Slow growth: Xiang pig has the characteristics of fast growth, long edge and fat edge in the early stage. The birth weight is 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg, and the average weight of each head is about 5 kg 60 days after weaning. Adult pigs weigh only 15 ~ 38 kg.
Generally, it is most suitable to slaughter suckling pigs of 5 ~ 7 weeks old.
Thin skin and thin bones, tender meat and delicious taste, suitable for processing roast suckling pigs.
At the same time, it also has broad prospects as an experimental animal or pet.
Second, the precautions for raising fragrant pigs pay attention to the choice of pig breeds.
When introducing pigs, the appearance, growth and development, pedigree, genetic defects and other aspects should be strictly investigated, and the breed characteristics are obvious and the reproductive function is vigorous, and the pedigree card of pigs should be brought back for future reference.
Pay attention to local environment.
Imported fragrant pigs must meet the living consumption level of local people and the needs of economic development.
At the same time, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of breeds, climate, feeding management and so on, so as to determine the local domestication measures after the introduction of Xiang pigs, create the necessary feeding management conditions and ensure the breeding benefits of Xiang pigs.
Pay attention to the season.
When introducing fragrant pigs, it is best to spend autumn and winter in late spring after a warm summer when the temperature gradually drops, and it is required to do a good job of cold protection after wintering and gradually adapt to local natural conditions.
Pay attention to the age of the pig breed.
It is better to introduce fragrant pigs to piglets about 4 months old or a little older. Pigs have a strong adaptability and can easily accept the changed external living conditions at a young age.
Imported pig breeds should not be scattered, but should be concentrated in 1 or several pig farms to create good feeding and management conditions, and at the same time, make observation records, do a good job in breeding and breeding, and gradually promote them after adaptation.
Pay attention to epidemic prevention and transmission.
When imported from other places, it is necessary to concentrate on isolated feeding for 1 ~ 2 months, strengthen epidemic prevention and disinfection, pay attention to eliminating and preventing the threat of endemic parasitic diseases and infectious diseases, and ensure the safety of imported pigs.
After the small fragrant pig is born, it is necessary to fix the sow's * * *, let the piglets eat colostrum well, and strengthen the heat preservation, so that they can start eating early, and generally can supplement concentrate after 4 days of birth.
Weaned piglets should be fed with compound feed. The feed formula is: corn 10%, rice bran 50%, bean cake 8% ~ 10%, wheat bran 30%, flour 1% and salt 0.5%. Each kilogram of feed should contain digestible energy 10.5 megajoules and crude protein 65440.
Xiang pigs are mainly stocked and often eat green feed such as weeds and fragrant rice, which makes suckling pigs have a special flavor.
At the same time, we should supplement the concentrate.
Each sow (2 ~ 4 months old) consumes an average of 0.2 kg of concentrated feed and green feed 1 kg per day.
Pregnant and lactating sows consume an average of 0.4 kg of concentrated feed and 2 kg of green feed per head per day.
Xiang pig has early sexual maturity, inbreeding resistance and genetic stability.
Boars weighing 8 kg at the age of 2 months have crawling behavior and are bred at the age of 3 months.
Sows can be bred at the age of 3 months and 4 months, with an average of 7 ~ 10 litter.
The ratio of male to female is 1: (8 ~ 10).
Xiang pig has the characteristics of fast growth in the early stage and long and fat sides. The birth weight is 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg, and the average weight of each head is about 5 kg 60 days after weaning. Adult pigs weigh only 15 ~ 38 kg.
Generally, it is most suitable to slaughter suckling pigs of 5 ~ 7 weeks old.
Pay attention to hygiene and wash feces 1 time every day.
Set up a awning to shade the sun in summer, buckle a greenhouse to keep warm in winter, scrub the sink and sink frequently, and disinfect the pigsty regularly; 1 month old, it is necessary to inject swine fever, swine erysipelas and swine pneumonia vaccine in time.
Etiology and preventive pathogens of swine pneumonia: pneumococcus, streptococcus or staphylococcus.
Mainly due to poor feeding management, the resistance of pigs is weakened and infected by pathogenic bacteria, which is more common in piglets.
Symptoms of Xiang pig pneumonia: Xiang pig loses appetite or stops eating, is thirsty, and its body temperature rises to about 4 1℃, or fluctuates, and its heartbeat is fast and weak, with shortness of breath, paroxysmal cough, runny nose and hearing audio-visual gong. The course of disease is 2-3 days or 10. If it is not treated in time, Xiang pig will fail and die.
Prevention of Xiang pig pneumonia: Xiang pig pen should be warm in winter and cool in summer, well ventilated, sunny and free from thieves' wind, and equipped with enough clean and dry straw mats to prevent young Xiang pigs from catching cold; Reasonably mix feed to prevent long-distance transportation congestion.
Treatment of Xiang pig pneumonia: isolate the sick Xiang pig immediately and inject penicillin, streptomycin or oxytetracycline intramuscularly, with the same dosage as above.
Intramuscular injection of kanamycin, 2 million units /50 kg body weight, twice a day, 3 days for 1 course of treatment.
Chinese herbal medicines: Fritillaria 15g, rhubarb 10g, pollen 15g, bletilla striata 10g, platycodon grandiflorum 15g, Sophora flavescens 10g, forsythia suspensa 15g.
Feeding in winter: Xiang pig is favored by consumers because of its tender meat and delicious taste.
Because of its popularity in the international market, it has been listed as a "key protection and development project" by the Ministry of Agriculture.
Farmers should pay attention to the following problems in feeding.
The feed source of Xiang pig is mainly cooked food.
Cooked feed can improve the utilization rate of feed.
In cold winter, feeding cooked food can enhance the cold resistance of pigs and speed up their growth. If you feed cooked food unconditionally, at least feed it warm.
Feed should be soaked in water in advance and hot water should be fed regularly and quantitatively. Pigs should be fed three times and pigs should be fed four times.
Although the incidence of livestock in winter is low, health and epidemic prevention should not be underestimated.
The pigsty should be disinfected on schedule and vaccinated at the end of the month, so as to ensure that the pigs will not be harmed by the plague when winter goes and spring comes.