First, the psychological quality that affects the decision-making of leaders.
Simon and March, the founders of decision theory, put forward the model of "decision maker" in the book Organization, pointing out that "decision maker" should take psychological factors such as learning, memory and habits as the basis of his decision-making action. And these foundations they emphasize are the factors of a person's psychological quality.
Psychological quality is a comprehensive reflection of mental health and psychological endurance. Is the basis of leadership decision-making; He plays a decisive role in leading decision-making.
Simply evaluating the quality of psychological quality seems to be judged only from the psychological health or psychological endurance. But even this would not be enough If we study psychological quality from the perspective of leadership decision-making, we should divide psychological quality into four aspects: intelligence factor, emotion factor, will factor and personality factor. Analyzing them one by one will provide strong psychological support for leaders' decision-making and effective evidence for psychological analysis in the decision-making process.
(A) intellectual factors
Intelligence itself is a concept of psychological research. Generally speaking, intelligence refers to the comprehensive ability of observation, memory, thinking and imagination. It is the first condition to test whether a person can complete the assignment task.
Observation and decision-making
Observation is a special and highly developed perceptual ability, and it is the ability to consciously grasp the phenomena and characteristics of things. If the leader of 1 wants to make correct and effective decisions, he must capture and obtain information with good observation and master all aspects of decision-making conditions. It is the premise for leaders to make scientific decisions.
Leaders have good observation ability, and they should not only know all kinds of information as comprehensively and accurately as possible, but also be selective and exploratory. Only in this way can you ensure that your observations really serve decision-making. At the same time, we should also use observation to grasp the opportunity of decision-making and ensure the best benefit of decision-making
Attention and decision-making
Attention refers to the directionality and concentration of psychological activities on some phenomena, that is, psychological activities selectively point to some objects and abandon others in a specific time. It is not an independent psychological process, but runs through the whole cognitive process and plays an organizational role in people's cognitive activities. Leaders must always keep a high degree of attention in the decision-making process to ensure the sensitivity of feeling and perception and the effectiveness of thinking and imagination; Ensure the accurate direction of decision.
3. Memory and decision-making
Memory is a reflection of what a person has experienced in his mind and a functional expression of accumulated experience in his brain. Memory includes three basic processes: memory, retention, recall or re-recognition. Memory is the ability of people to remember, retain, recall or re-recognize things.
The accuracy and persistence of memory are the necessary psychological guarantee for the speed and quality of decision-making, and also the important psychological quality of decision-makers. The memory required by good psychological quality can provide various principles, methods, ways, experiences and lessons for decision-making.
4. Thinking ability and decision-making
Thinking is a psychological process for decision makers to analyze, synthesize, reason and judge information on the basis of perception. It runs through the whole decision-making process. Thinking ability is the ability to reflect information indirectly and generally.
In leadership decision-making, the process of thinking activities can be divided into four stages: (1) finding and asking questions; (2) analyze and clarify the problem; (3) put forward assumptions; (4) test the hypothesis. Simply put, leadership decision-making is around "asking questions" and "solving problems". Decision-making is the result of design process and thinking.
In the process of thinking, leaders must also pay attention to: (1) comprehensively consider all aspects of the decision-making plan and possible problems; (2) being able to predict the decision-making process; (3) Be creative and dare to break the old thinking mode; (4) Keep abreast of the development and changes of relevant factors in decision-making and make random adjustments. In short, irrational thinking should be excluded as much as possible in decision-making.
(2) Emotional factors
People reflect the world through feeling and thinking, and know the phenomenon and essence of objective things. These psychological activities are collectively called cognitive activities, which are one aspect of psychological activities. However, people are not indifferent when they understand and transform the world. They always have some psychological experiences, such as joy, anger, sadness and joy, which are emotions.
The so-called emotion refers to a person's attitude and experience towards his own thoughts and behaviors and things around him. According to the intensity, speed, duration and external manifestations of emotions, they can be divided into three basic states, namely emotions, passion and pressure. According to its different contents, emotion can be divided into moral sense, sense of reason and sense of responsibility, which is called sentiment.
Barnard believes that morality and responsibility are closely related to motivation, authority and decision-making. Emotional quality can not only strengthen leadership decision-making, but also reduce it. Therefore, leaders must have a noble sense of morality, a rational attitude and a high sense of responsibility; You must have positive emotions, rational passion, and calm in an emergency to ensure the scientific decision-making.
(3) Will factor
Will is a psychological process in which individuals consciously set goals and dominate behaviors to overcome difficulties, so as to achieve predetermined goals. Good will quality is necessary for leaders to make decisions, and it is one of the main factors that directly determine the success or failure of decisions. It mainly includes consciousness, resistance, determination and self-control.
Tao Sheng's Decision Volume-Decision Principle
The correct decision-making principle is the criterion to guide and standardize decision-making behavior. This principle is Tao. The way of business management, one is the political line, and the other is the business philosophy. In leading decision-making, we must take Tao as the center and never deviate from the sects of Tao, so as to gain a firm foothold and win every victory.
Winning Decision Volume-The Art of Decision-making
Decision-making is a science, a leadership art and a creative application of decision-making scientific theory. Decision-making requires superb leadership skills and strategies to win by surprise. Leaders should make wise decisions, and wise decisions should formulate appropriate strategies.
Victory decision volume-above decision
Decision making includes unilateral decision-making and multi-party decision-making; Unilateral decision-making is decisive, but it is hard to get rid of paranoia. Multi-party decision-making is difficult, but it is often close to perfection. Communicate with others and absorb everyone's strengths; Negotiate with others and keep a balance in many ways. What I want is the magic formula of multi-party decision-making, and Sun Tzu's idea of winning is helpful.
Variable victory decision quantity-flexibility of decision
Decision-making should not be localized, but should be flexible according to changes in circumstances. The so-called poverty means change, change means communication, the general rule is long, and things change rapidly. Decisions should be adjusted and changed with the change of the situation while maintaining certain stability.
Decision volume-the implementation of the decision
To win, it is not enough to make a decision, but also to implement it. To implement the decision, leaders should have the ability to control, use kindness and prestige, and apply both hard and soft. In Sun Tzu's words, it means "use words to control it, and use it with strength." Implementing decision-making requires good governance, and good governance must first understand Sun Tzu's thought of ruling victory.
Victory decision volume-a decision-making method
In strategic planning, winning a thousand miles, leading decision-making should be based on surprise attack, and surprise attack decision-making will get the greatest return at the least cost, which is the beauty of "avoiding the path alone"
Potential Victory Decision Volume-Decision Situation
The germination, production and implementation of decision-making is a gradual process, which should be gradual and should not be rushed. Leaders should be able to "rain in Mao Mao" first, and then it will rain cats and dogs. Only in this way can the decision become a reality. To understand this, we must learn to "build momentum", "know the situation" and "use the situation".
Winning decision first-the quality of decision-making
Whether a leader's decision is proper or not is related to his own quality and the other is related to the grasp of opportunities. As a leader, we should be good at learning and using for reference, and actively create the preconditions for self-victory. At the same time, we should seize the opportunity, take the lead and make the current decision.
The decision-making volume of knowing victory-the basis of decision-making
Before leading the decision-making, the strengths of confidants attack the weaknesses of others and avoid the strengths of others with their own weaknesses, thus finding the best policy. This is actually the foundation of winning. This volume discusses Sun Tzu's thought of tracing back to the source and knowing victory. I hope it will be beneficial to the decision-making of the leaders.
Decision-making volume-the main body of decision-making
In decision-making, we should not only make good decisions ourselves, but also use experts who are good at making decisions. Those who gain talents win the world, and those who lose talents lose the world, because good experts can make good decisions and lead wisely, and they must be assisted by good experts. This volume digs into Sun Tzu's general thoughts in order to lead to "attaching importance to generals, knowing them, choosing them and using them".
I hope it will help you, and I wish you success!