The government is the leading force, but it should be based on the premise of building a grass-roots government of "elected by the people, ruled by the people and people-oriented" and adhere to the fundamental principle of people-oriented and people-oriented The construction of new countryside should respect farmers, act according to their wishes, concentrate their wisdom and make decisions according to democratic procedures.
Intellectuals and entrepreneurship are the driving forces. Without the participation of intellectuals, it is difficult to transcend the feudal tradition in spirit; Without the participation of entrepreneurship, it is difficult to get rid of the tradition of small farmers in the construction of new countryside. Small farmers should be organized to cooperate and cultivate the entrepreneurial spirit of the organized small farmers, instead of simply "company+farmers". The company leads farmers to become rich.
Rural cadres and returning young students should be leaders. Every year, more than100000 people are employed in China. Among them, 4 of10000 people are college students, but the actual demand for talents is only one or two. In nearly 700000 villages in China, at least one or two college students are needed to become part of the leaders every year. Guiding college students to "go to the countryside" is one of the major strategic measures in the construction of new countryside. Giving full play to the role of non-governmental organizations and attracting college students to "go to the countryside" should be the mainstream way to avoid "public college student village officials" aggravating the "official standard" of rural society.
Idle labor and land in rural areas are the biggest material basis for building a new countryside. There are hundreds of millions of seasonal idle laborers in rural areas. If it can be activated, each person will create value 100 yuan every day, with tens of billions every day. Rural villages cover an area of about 400 million mu, and many villages are "hollowed out" and occupy land indiscriminately. If planning arrangements are made, it will not only be beneficial to basic public services and infrastructure construction, but also save 200 million mu of land and activate 200 million mu of land. If calculated by 654.38+10,000 yuan per mu of land, farmers can use more than 10 trillion yuan to build new countryside.
Returning migrant workers are the most active force in the construction of new countryside. Every year, 6.5438+million people go to cities, but at the same time, millions of "migrant workers" return home to support their old age and start businesses. The "migrant workers" returning home have accumulated to some extent. For example, there are 2 million people a year, and one person is 65.438+0 million yuan, which is 20 billion yuan. The "migrant workers" who return home are often of high quality, which is greatly conducive to building a new countryside.
"Going it alone" means giving full play to the function of the family, which is to solve the problem of food and clothing. The construction of new countryside needs to organize farmers, activate idle elements such as labor and land, and realize the goal of building new countryside with prosperity as the core. Developing collective economy and cooperative economy may be the best way to organize farmers.
(E) the leadership style of new rural construction
Seeking truth from facts is the basic way of thinking; Mass standard is the basic method of leadership; Self-reliance, supplemented by incentive policies, is the basic method of resource allocation; It is the basic decision-making method to mobilize the masses and carry out scientific planning activities for them; Guiding the way with typical examples is the basic operation method. These are the traditional advantages of China's * * * production party, but now many comrades have forgotten these methods. More and more cadres can't even hold mass forums, and they are used to giving instructions and reciting "quotations"; I don't know anything about how to "come from the masses, go to the masses", "mobilize the masses", "organize the masses", "arm the masses" and "educate the masses". It is even more difficult to "mingle with the masses, eat, live and work together" and "be the students of the masses first, and then be the teachers of the masses".
To build a new socialist countryside, 900 million farmers scattered in 2.56 million natural villages will live a new life. This is an unprecedented big project and undertaking, and there must be scientific leadership methods. Many of our civil servants, from schools to cadres, will only talk but not do it. But the construction of new countryside should not only be said, but also done. At present, Party schools in counties and cities do not train grass-roots cadres how to do things, but train their practical operation ability. In this way, our party cadres will become boastful and pretentious "theatrical troupes". Methods can be seen in books, but they will not be used to do things if they are not used repeatedly in practice. The key to building a new countryside is to train a large number of cadres who can skillfully use the correct methods and have practical work ability after the major policies are determined, which is a very urgent matter in building a new countryside.
(VI) Common problems in the construction of new countryside
Our regime is a system of "centralization for the people". We often make the following mistakes when building a new socialist countryside under the leadership of the government.
One is the construction of new countryside that the Chief Executive will take for granted. When the Ninth Five-Year Plan reached the standard in the 1990s, it caused huge rural debts, and at least 1/4 of the village schools were idle. Now, many villages have been hollowed out. In most villages, 10 or 20 years later, with the death of the elderly, there may be only a few families left. This leads to a question: Is this new socialist countryside construction a new rural construction for 900 million farmers or a new rural construction for 600 million, 500 million and 400 million farmers? Is the Chief Executive's will not respect the actual new rural construction, or the scientific, democratic and pragmatic construction of new villages and towns?
The second is the formalism of new rural construction. The more leadership? The work advocated is more likely to be modeled, standardized, across the board and formalistic. Compulsory education in the 1990s should be a new education construction in rural areas, and a unified standard has been put forward. Now it seems that a standard has been implemented-building buildings, because there was a slogan at that time, "There is no school without buildings". Why can we reach the building index? One is that Gai Lou is profitable, and the other is that it is visible, tangible and formal for leaders. Formalism kills people. In compulsory education, the central government allocated an extra 1 100 million yuan, which not only did not reduce the burden on farmers, but even increased the burden by 50 million yuan. The reason is that less than half of the 100 million yuan is retained at different levels, so the other half needs local support. The so-called local support is to increase the burden on farmers. Farmers have no right at all. They must follow the above unified standards, such as planting sky-high landscape trees on campus and making great efforts to put on airs. Now, the construction of new countryside has become a top priority, and many places have begun to learn the practice of reaching the standard of compulsory education and issue indicators at different levels. I hope that the construction of new countryside will not become a copy of the "new education construction in socialist countryside" of compulsory education standards.
Third, only market-oriented and monetized rural construction. The biggest advantage of rural areas in China is labor, and the biggest waste is labor; In the rural areas of China, people need to do a lot of things every day, and there are also many people who have nothing to do every day. Practice has proved that the ability of market and government to allocate rural labor force is very limited. To give full play to the role of farmers' organizations, we must mobilize farmers to exchange labor for rights, labor for welfare, and do great things with small money. Whoever finds an effective way to fully allocate rural labor force will find the fundamental way to build a new countryside.
Fourth, rural construction can only be privatized. Privatization is not everything, and the disadvantages of small farmers cannot be solved by privatization. Practice has proved that more than 7,000 "star villages", such as Huaxi Village, Nanjie Village, Dazhai Village, Liuzhuang Village and Jiangjun Village, have achieved 100 times better achievements than Xiaogang Village by developing the collective economy. In the individual and private economy of Wang Yang Sea, perhaps the collective economy has more advantages; In the Wang Yang sea of collective economy, perhaps individual and private economy can give full play to its advantages. Absolutely, it is easy to make dogmatic mistakes.
Fifth, the construction of political villages. In the impression of ordinary people, Mao Zedong represents the collectivized rural construction route, and Deng Xiaoping represents the private ownership rural construction route. In the ultra-left period of planned economy and state monopoly on purchase and marketing, the "Mao method" is invalid, but it does not mean that it is invalid under the conditions of market economy. The planned economy and the "Deng-style" approach during the period of state monopoly on purchase and marketing have played a role, but there are still many people who have dogmatic ideas and think that everything is wrong and everything is right. In order to ensure political correctness, many people are used to the construction of a new political countryside with "only superior position and no reality". I think only by adhering to the ideological line of seeking truth from facts, correctly sublating Mao Zedong and surpassing Deng Xiaoping can we embark on a new road of building a new socialist countryside.
Sixth, the savior of rural construction. Many places are still used to sending powerful task forces as the saviors of farmers. They are not good at mobilizing all positive social forces, unwilling to be farmers' students, unwilling to highlight farmers' dominant position in the use and management of resources in the construction of new countryside, and not used to letting farmers be masters of their own affairs and make democratic decisions. These are all worthy of vigilance.