First, Lin Zexu humen smoke

1. Reason: The massive smuggling of opium has caused serious harm to the Qing government and brought profound disasters to the Chinese nation;

First, damage to physical and mental health

B, a large loss of silver

C. official corruption

D, the army lost its fighting capacity.

2. 1 1839 After March, Lin Zexu went to Guangdong to ban smoking.

②1June, 839, Lin Zexu smoked in Humen, Guangzhou.

3. Significance: The smoke in Humen showed the world the determination and courage of China people to resist aggression, inspired the national spirit and safeguarded national dignity.

Second, the cause, process, result and influence of the Opium War.

1, reason: ① Britain plundered industrial raw materials in order to open up the market.

(2) The Qing government locked the country, which was economically backward and politically corrupt.

Britain launched a war of aggression against China on the pretext of destroying opium in Humen.

2. Course:1In June of 840, the British fleet invaded the Guangdong Sea and the war broke out. 1June, 842, the war ended.

3. Results: The Qing government was forced to sign China's first unequal treaty in modern times-Sino-British treaty of nanking.

Treaty content: ① cession of Hong Kong.

(2) Compensation of 6.5438 million silver dollars.

③ Develop five trading ports (Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai).

(4) UK import and export goods tax China needs to be agreed with the UK.

4. Impact: ① China's sovereignty and territorial integrity were destroyed, and it lost its independent status and was involved in the world capitalist market.

② The Opium War was the beginning of China's modern history, from feudal society to semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

III. Wei Yuan-Atlas of the Ocean

1. Writing background: Some patriotic intellectuals were stimulated and began to look at the world with their eyes open, seeking innovative ways to save the country, with Wei Yuan as the main representative.

2. Atlas of the Ocean-① Content: A systematic introduction to the geography, history and scientific and technological development of all countries in the world.

(2) Proposition: the salvation proposition of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners"

③ Significance: It is a challenge to China's traditional closed-door concept.

3. Can "learning from foreigners" control foreigners?

A: ① "Learning from foreigners" means learning advanced western military technology.

(2) Wei Yuan put forward this idea under the backward, conservative and arrogant social background of the Qing government at that time, but his understanding of "learning from foreigners" only stayed at the level of science and technology, which could not be realized under the decadent and backward Qing government.

Lesson 2

First, the British and French allied forces burned Yuanmingyuan-the Second Opium War

1. background: Britain's unreasonable request to amend the treaty was rejected by the Qing government.

2. Time: 1856 10 month-1860 10 month.

3. Event: Burning Yuanmingyuan.

4. Course: ① 1856 10, the British shelled Guangzhou, and the British and French allied forces captured Guangzhou in 1897.

(2) 1860, Britain and France, under the pretext of blocked trade, sent troops again on a large scale and continued to capture Dagu and Tianjin.

(3) 1860 10, captured Beijing, broke into Yuanmingyuan, burned and looted.

5. Results: The Beijing Treaty was signed: ① compensation for land cession; (2) Open more trading ports (Hankou, Nanjing, Tianjin).

Q&A: Why is the destruction of Yuanmingyuan a catastrophe of human civilization?

A: Because Yuanmingyuan is a masterpiece of Chinese and foreign architecture and garden art, it has the reputation of a garden of ten thousand gardens. Yuanmingyuan, one of the treasures of human culture, contains countless treasures, cultural relics and historical classics.

Second, Russia fish in troubled waters:

(1)1858-Ji Hui treaty

② 1860- Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty

③ 1864 —— Notes on Northwest Boundary Agreement.

(4)19 The Sino-Russian revised treaty in the 1980s and the five subsequent demarcation protocols.

Fourth, the Taiping Army beat up the foreign gun team-killing the leader of the foreign gun team: Wall.

1, time: 185 1 year

2. Location: Jintian Village, Guiping City, Guangxi

3. Character: Hong Xiuquan

4. Nature of the event: the peasant revolutionary movement against feudalism and aggression.

5. Left to recover Xinjiang-1884 to build a province in Xinjiang.

Q&A: Compare the similarities and differences between the two Opium Wars.

Invade the same cause and purpose in one go: open the China market.

The same nature is a war of aggression.

The second time lasted longer than the first time, the number of countries invaded increased, the scope of the war was wider, and the damage to China was further deepened.

Lesson 3

Sino-Japanese War-1In July, 894, Japan launched its first large-scale war of aggression against China.

Deng Shichang, Zhiyuan Ship and all the officers and men on board died heroically, and beiyang fleet lost five warships.

Q&A: What kind of national spirit does Deng Shichang's actions reflect?

A: The spirit of not being afraid of violence, being brave in struggle and not afraid of sacrifice.

Second, the content and influence of treaty of shimonoseki

1, content: ① cede Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands to Japan.

(2) Compensation of 200 million taels of silver.

(3) Opening of trading ports

(4) Allow Japan to set up factories at trading ports.

2. Impact: ① This is the most unequal treaty since treaty of nanking.

(2) Stimulated the aggressive desire of other imperialist countries, led to the frenzy of the great powers to carve up China, and greatly deepened the national crisis in China.

Third, compare treaty of shimonoseki and treaty of nanking.

The Influence of treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki and treaty of shimonoseki

The cession of Hong Kong Island to Britain and the cession of Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands stimulated the ambitions of the great powers to carve up China.

Indemnity of 2 1 10,000 silver yuan is 200 million taels, plus 30 million taels of silver redeemed from Liao, and a large amount of foreign debt is borrowed, so the imperialist powers further control China's finance and economy.

Opening of trading ports (Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai) Five trading ports (Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou) were opened, and four trading ports and new inland river routes were opened. The imperialist powers invaded Chinese mainland.

The Japanese are allowed to set up factories at the trading ports in China, so as to speed up the capital export of imperialism to China and hinder the development of Chinese national capitalism.

The semi-colonial and semi-feudal society further deepened the semi-colonial degree of China society.

Lesson 13

I. May 4th Movement

1, fuse: China's diplomacy failed at the Paris Peace Conference, and the Peace Conference transferred German rights and interests in Shandong to Japan.

2. Overview of the May 4th Movement

The main force of time changes places and forms.

In the early stage 19 19, 5 and 4, students held a rally and parade in Beijing.

Later, 19 19, 6, and 5 workers joined the merchants to strike in Shanghai (the scale and intensity were greatly enhanced).

3. Slogan: Fight for national rights outside and punish national thieves inside.

4. Results: First, Cao Rulin and He Lu were dismissed.

The representative of China refused to sign the contract at the Paris Peace Conference.

5. Nature: It is a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement.

Spirit of expression: the patriotic spirit of thoroughly and uncompromisingly opposing imperialism and feudalism.

5. Significance: A China is of epoch-making significance in modern history.

It marks the beginning of China's new-democratic revolution.

Second, the birth of China * * * production party

1, date:1921July 23rd.

2. Location: Shanghai

3. People: Dong et al. 13 people.

4. Event: The First National Congress of China * * * Production Party.

5. Main contents: A Determine the name of the Party: China * * * Production Party.

Determine the party's goals: socialism and * * * productism.

Define the party's current figures: organize the working class and carry out the workers' movement.

Elect the Secretary of the Central Bureau: Chen Duxiu.

6. Significance: A announced the birth of China * * * Production Party.

B is an epoch-making event in the revolutionary history of China.

China's revolution has taken on a new look.

Q&A: What is the difference between China's * * * production party and other political parties in modern times?

A: ① The guiding ideology is different: Marxism is the guiding ideology.

② The class interests represented are different: the interests of the proletariat and the broad masses of the people are fundamental interests.

③ Different goals: to realize socialism and * * * productism.

★ Knowledge points: Chen Bei Li-Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao.

Lesson 14

First, the establishment of Whampoa Military Academy.

1, date:1May, 924

2. Name: China Kuomintang Army Military Academy (hereinafter referred to as Huangpu Military Academy)

3. Leader: Prime Minister of Military Academy-President Sun Yat-sen-Chiang Kai-shek.

Party Representative-Director of Liao Political Department-Zhou Enlai

4. Features (also different from the old military school): A. Pay equal attention to political education and military training.

B, cultivate students' patriotism and revolutionary spirit

5. Achievements: A. A large number of military and political talents have been trained.

B, to lay the foundation for the establishment of the National Revolutionary Army and the victory of the Northern Expedition.

Second, the victory of the Northern Expedition-the result of the first cooperation between the two countries.

1, northern expedition time:1July, 926

2. Army: National Revolutionary Army (about 65438+ 10,000 people)

3. Goal: Eliminate the influence of Wu, Sun and Zhang.

4. Strategic policy: Concentrate troops and annihilate each other (the two lakes annihilate Wu, spread incense in the east and fight Zhang in the north).

5. Pioneer: The Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army-Ye Ting Independent Regiment (called Tiejun)

6. Major battles: Battle of Tingsi Bridge and Heshengqiao.

7. Result: A. Destroy Sun's main force.

B, it has made great achievements and dealt a heavy blow to the rule of imperialism and feudal warlords.

Q&A: The Northern Expedition was successful. Why did the National Revolution fail?

A: Chiang Kai-shek and others betrayed the revolution and launched 4? 12 coup, the establishment of anti-*, anti-people government-Nanjing National Government.

B, there are new warlords represented by Chiang Kai-shek, who represent the interests of big landlords and big bourgeoisie.

C, China people's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary task has not been completed, and the nature of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society has not changed (this is what Sun Yat-sen pointed out-the revolution has not yet succeeded).

Third, the Nanjing National Government was established-April 1927, representing the interests of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie.

Impact: A, the Kuomintang "cleaned up * * *" and the * * * production party went underground.

B, marking the first time that cooperation between the two countries broke down and the national revolution failed.

Lesson 15

First, the August 1st Nanchang Uprising.

1, time: 65438+August 1, 0927

2. People: Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De. Venue: Nanchang.

3. Significance: A. The first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries was fired.

B, Nanchang Uprising became the beginning of China's * * * production party to establish the people's army and lead the armed struggle independently.

C, opened up a new era in the history of China * * * production party.

★ Question and answer: Why is "August 1st" the Army Day of the People's Liberation Army?

A: The Nanchang Uprising opened a new era in the history of China's * * * production party; It was the first time that China's * * * production party founded the people's army and led the armed struggle independently.

Second, Jinggangshan, the cradle of revolution.

1, opening up Jinggang revolutionary base-the first rural revolutionary base in the revolutionary history of China.

2. Significance: It is the beginning of the correct revolutionary road of China's * * * production party to explore the countryside surrounding cities and seize political power by armed forces.

★ Q: Why did Mao Zedong establish revolutionary base areas in rural areas?

A: On the way to Changsha after the autumn harvest uprising, the revolutionary army of workers and peasants suffered heavy losses because of the relatively strong enemy forces in the city.

Mao Zedong analyzed the situation that the enemy was strong and we were weak, and persuaded other comrades to give up their plan to seize Changsha. It's time to attack the enemy's weak countryside, creating the right road for the countryside to encircle the cities and finally win the revolution.

Third, the Red Army is not afraid of expedition.

1. Reasons for the Long March: Due to Wang Ming's "Left" deviation, the Red Army failed in its fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" and was forced to make a strategic shift.

2. Time: 1934 10 month-193610 month.

3. Meeting: 1935 65438+ 10 month. Hold the Zunyi Meeting to establish the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Mao Zedong at the core. Become a turning point of life and death in the history of China * * production party.

4. Significance: The victory of the Red Army's Long March is the key for the China * * * Production Party to turn the corner, which shows that the China * * * Production Party and the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army are an invincible force.

5. Long March spirit: lofty patriotism, hard work, unity and mutual assistance, not afraid of difficulties and sacrifices, infinite loyalty to the revolutionary cause, dedication to the just cause, seeking truth from facts, proceeding from reality, taking care of the overall situation, living and dying together, and coming through thick and thin.

★ Which provinces did the Red Army Long March pass through and which rivers did it cross?

Fujian Province-Jiangxi Province-Guangdong Province-Hunan Province-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region-Guizhou Province-Yunnan Province-Sichuan Province-Xikang Province-Shaanxi Province-Gansu Province, etc 1 1 province.

Crossing: Wujiang River-Chishui River-Jinsha River-Dadu River.

★ List the leaders of Nanchang Uprising and Autumn Harvest Uprising and the follow-up of these two uprisings.

Nanchang Uprising Autumn Harvest Uprising

Leading Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting and Mao Zedong, Zhu De.

Depressed to leave Nanchang and prepare to go south to Guangdong, the rebels were besieged by the superior forces of the Kuomintang. When the rebels attacked Changsha, they were besieged by several enemies and suffered serious losses.

Later, some of the remaining troops were transferred to Hailufeng, Guangdong, and the other part was transferred to Hunan led by Zhu De and Chen Yi. They joined forces with Mao Zedong and were co-edited as the Fourth Army of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants. Later renamed the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. Mao Zedong led troops into Jinggangshan and began to create the first rural revolutionary base area in the history of China revolution-Jinggangshan base area.

Lesson 17

I. The September 18th Incident

1, time:1931September 18.

2. Historical facts (cause and effect) The Japanese garrison deliberately bombed a section of railway in the northern suburb of Shenyang, falsely accusing the China army of destruction, and used this as an excuse to shell the northeast military camp in China and capture Shenyang.

3. Impact: The fall of the three northeastern provinces has caused people from all walks of life across the country to launch a massive anti-Japanese national salvation movement; China entered a difficult period of local anti-Japanese war

Second, the immortal national war song-march of the volunteers

1. Background: After the September 18th Incident, faced with the increasingly serious national crisis, people from all walks of life launched a massive anti-Japanese national salvation movement.

2. Author: People's musician Nie Er, full of patriotic passion, devoted himself to the national salvation movement and created a number of works reflecting people's voices, his masterpiece-march of the volunteers.

3. Influence: It greatly inspired the people of China to resist Japan and became an immortal national war song.

4. Feelings: Understand China people's longing for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, feel the fighting spirit of China people, and stimulate our interest in learning history and patriotism.

Third, the Xi incident.

1. reason: the national disaster is getting worse.

2. Overview: On June 1936 12 February 12, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng held a "remonstration" in Huaqingchi, Lintong, Xi, detained Chiang Kai-shek and sent a telegram to the whole country, proposing to stop the civil war and unanimously resist Japan. This is the "Xi incident" that shocked China and foreign countries.

3. Reasons for the peaceful settlement of the incident: A. The ethnic contradiction between China and Japan has become the main social contradiction.

B, China * * * production party put national interests first, and put forward the idea of peaceful settlement.

C. Chiang Kai-shek was forced to accept the idea of stopping the civil war and uniting with * * * to resist Japan.

4. Role: The peaceful settlement of the Xi 'an incident became the key to changing the current situation, marking the initial formation of the second cooperation between the two parties and heralding the arrival of a new anti-Japanese situation.

5. Spirit: A. A high degree of patriotism that sacrifices personal interests for the national interests of the country.

B, China * * * production party to national interests and national interests, regardless of personal gains and losses.

Care about national affairs and serve the motherland with practical actions.

Lesson 18

I. Lugouqiao Incident

1, date:1July 7, 937

2. Historical facts: In the name of military exercises, the Japanese aggressor troops launched a surprise attack on China's army at Lugou Bridge in Beiping, and China's army rose up to resist, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out nationwide. This is the "Lugouqiao Incident".

3. Impact: After the July 7th Incident, the Chinese nation reached a critical juncture of life and death, and the people of the whole country United and set off an unprecedented national anti-aggression war in China's modern history.

Second, the Nanjing Massacre.

1. Historical facts:1June 937 and1February, in the six weeks after the Japanese captured Nanjing, unarmed Nanjing people and China soldiers were collectively shot, burned and buried alive, reaching more than 300,000 people, which caused the Nanjing Massacre that shocked the world.

2. Understanding: The Nanjing Massacre was a serious atrocity committed by the Japanese aggressors against the Chinese nation, which exposed the vicious and brutal nature of Japanese fascism.