Wuhou Temple (Han Zhaolie Temple) is a national key cultural relics protection unit, a national AAAA-level tourist attraction and a national first-class museum.

Wuhou Temple (Han Zhaolie Temple) is located in Wuhou District of Chengdu. It began in AD 223, when Liu Bei's Hui Ling was built. It is the only temple in China where the monarch and ministers worship together. It is the memorial place of the most famous heroes such as Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei and Shu Han in China, and the most influential museum of the Three Kingdoms in China. 196 1 year, the State Council was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and was selected as the first batch of national first-class museums in 2008. Chengdu Wuhou Temple now covers an area of 6.5438+0.5 million square meters, which is composed of three parts: the Historical Relics Area of the Three Kingdoms (Cultural Relics Area), the Western District (Cultural Experience Area of the Three Kingdoms) and the Jinli Folk Custom Area (Jinli), enjoying the reputation of "the Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms".

Architectural background editing

Wuhou Temple [1] is the ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in China during the Three Kingdoms period.

Marquis temple

It was named after Zhuge Liang who sealed Wuxiang Hou before his death. [2]

In August 234, Zhuge Liang died of overwork in Wuzhangyuan (now about 20 kilometers south of Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) at the age of 54. Zhuge Liang is the prime minister of Shu. He was once named "Hou of Wuxiang" before his death, and was later named "Zhong Wuhou" by Liu Chan, the Lord of Shu. Therefore, his temple was honored as "Wuhou Temple" in history. The earliest Wuhou Temple in China is located in Mianxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, but the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu has the greatest influence at present.

According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, after Liu Bei died in Baidicheng in 223 AD, the coffin was transported back to Chengdu and buried here, which was called Hui Ling in history. According to the Han system, there must be a temple in the mausoleum, so at the same time there was the birth of the Han Zhaolie Temple. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chengdu Wuhou Temple merged with Hui Ling Temple and Han Zhaolie Temple.

2 geographical location editing

Chengdu Wuhou Temple is located in Wuhou Temple Street, South Gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the only temple in China where the monarch and ministers worship together. It consists of temples and Hui Ling, which were worshipped by emperors and ministers such as Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and Shu Han. Chengdu Wuhou Temple is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units (196 1) and the first batch of first-class museums, attracting millions of tourists every year and enjoying the reputation of the Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms.

3 architectural history editor

Liu Bei's mausoleum was built in 223 AD.

Landscape of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu (9 photos)

In the past 1000 years, it was destroyed many times and replaced frequently.

Wuhou Temple built before the Tang Dynasty (referring to Zhuge Liang's dedicated temple) was originally adjacent to Zhaolie Temple dedicated to Liu Bei (Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty).

When it was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, Wuhou Temple was merged into the "Han Zhaolie Temple", forming the existing Wuhou Temple, which is the temple of monarch and minister. The main building of the existing temple was rebuilt from 65438 to 0672 during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (the 11th year of Kangxi).

196 1 was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The museum was established in 1984.

In 2008, it was rated as the first batch of national first-class museums and enjoyed the reputation of "Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms". Chengdu Wuhou Temple is now divided into three parts: the cultural relic area (the historical site area of the Three Kingdoms), the garden area (the cultural experience area of the Three Kingdoms) and Jinli (the folk custom area of Jinli), with an area of about 6.5438+0.5 million square meters.

In 2006, our museum was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction, and it is the most influential museum of cultural relics in the Three Kingdoms in the world. Wuhou Temple in Chengdu is the main attraction of China to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, and also a major tourist attraction in Chengdu. Chengdu Wuhou Temple is the most influential museum of cultural relics of the Three Kingdoms in China, which is most famous for its "three wonders" of writing, calligraphy and engraving.

4 building structure editor

Now it is divided into three parts: cultural relics area, garden area and Jinli, covering an area of 230 mu (6.5438+0.5 million square meters). According to the new planning content of Wuhou Temple, Wuhou Temple will make a more reasonable functional division of these three areas, which will be divided into three major sections: the Three Kingdoms Historical Relics Area, the Jinli Folk Custom Area and the Three Kingdoms Cultural Experience Area.

Wuhou Temple is adjacent to Han Zhaolie Temple and Liu Bei's Tomb (Hui Ling). The whole Wuhou Temple faces south, and there are five buildings, namely the main building gate, the second floor, the Han Zhaolie Hall, the lobby and Wuhou Temple, which are strictly arranged on a central axis, from south to north. Liu Bei Dian is the tallest and most magnificent building. There are buildings such as Sanyi Hall and Jieyi Building behind Wuhou Temple.

The cultural relics area is mainly composed of Hui Ling, Han Zhaolie Temple and Wuhou Temple. The existing main buildings in the temple (except Hui Ling) were rebuilt in the 11th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1672), facing south, and arranged on a central axis, which were the gate, the gate, the Han Zhaolie Hall, the main hall, the Wuhou Temple, the relocated Sanyi Hall and the newly-built Jieyi Building. There are more than 50 statues of heroes of Shu and Han dynasties such as Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, more than 50 inscriptions of Tang Dynasty and its descendants, and more than 70 plaques and couplets, especially the "Three Monuments" in Tang Dynasty and the "Heart Disease" couplets in Qing Dynasty.

5 major landscape editors

Nanjiao park

From June 5, 2003 to February,

Jianxintang

The former Nanjiao Park in Chengdu was merged into Wuhou Temple Garden Area. Nanjiao Park was originally the cemetery of Liu Xiang, the chairman of Sichuan Province during the Republic of China and the commander of the Seventh Theater during the Anti-Japanese War. Built in 1938 to1942,400 meters, the central axis runs through the north and south, including the stone arch gate, the three-hole gate, the square pavilion, the memorial hall and the tomb. It is the only northern cemetery group in southwest China. In the development planning of Wuhou Temple, the west area will become the center of the spread and experience of the culture of the Three Kingdoms.

1953 was converted into a park, and buildings such as relief stone archway gate, jingzhong gate, monument pavilion, Jianxin hall and Liuxiang tomb were built in turn. Jinli, on the east side of Wuhou Temple, was restored by Wuhou Temple Museum. Jinli is an ancient street with the architectural style of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Relying on Wuhou Temple, it expands the extension of the culture of the Three Kingdoms, integrates with the folk customs of western Sichuan, integrates eating, living, traveling, shopping and entertainment, and becomes a new highlight of cultural tourism in Chengdu. [3]

Jinligu steet

The "Jinli" ancient street adjacent to Wuhou Temple was rebuilt by Chengdu Wuhou Temple Museum and is a "national cultural industry demonstration base". As a part of Wuhou Temple Museum (Three Kingdoms Historical Relics Area, Jinli Folk Custom Area and West Area), Jinli covers an area of more than 30,000 square meters, with a building area of14,000 square meters and a total street length of 550 meters. The architecture is based on the style of Sichuan folk houses in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and the content is based on the culture of the Three Kingdoms and the traditional folk culture of Sichuan. Jinli was officially opened to the public in June 2004. Its branch line was opened on June 5438+ 10, 2009, and Jinli branch line boldly introduced flowing water to form a new landscape of "waterfront Jinli". "Worship Wuhou and soak in Jinli" has become one of the most attractive slogans of Chengdu tourism.

Legend has it that Jinli was once one of the oldest and most commercial streets in the history of western Shu, and it was famous throughout the country as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties. Today's Jinli is based on Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, with the spirit of Qin and Han Dynasties as the soul, the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties as the appearance, and the folk customs of western Sichuan as the content, which expands the extension of the culture of the Three Kingdoms. In this street, the essence of life in Chengdu is concentrated: there are teahouses, inns, restaurants, bars, stages, snacks, handicrafts and local products, which fully show the unique charm of Sichuan folk customs.

Citang main entrance

The plaque is "Han Zhaolie Temple".

Han Zhaolie Temple [3]

The gate is shaded by trees, and the Liu Tong Stone Monument stands tall. There is a stele gallery on each side, and the largest stele gallery is on the east side. In the Tang Dynasty, it was built in the fourth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong (AD 809). It has high cultural value and is a national first-class cultural relic. Because of its superb skills in writing, calligraphy and seal cutting, it is called the "Three Wonders Monument". Pei Du, a famous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the inscription, and Liu Gongzhuo, a calligrapher (the younger brother of Liu Gongquan) and Lu Jiandu, a famous craftsman, wrote the inscription, all of which were written by famous artists, so they were called the Three Wonders Monument by later generations. The inscription focuses on Zhuge Liang's life; I strongly praise Zhuge Liang's integrity and martial arts to inspire the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. The inscription especially praised Zhuge Liang's thought of rule of law. Ma Su was beheaded by Zhuge Liang because he lost his street pavilion. Masu cried and said that he died without complaining. Li Yan and Liao Li are both sinners exiled by Zhuge Liang, but they are also willing to plead guilty. When they learned that Zhuge Liang had died of illness, they "either hurt, cry or die." These are historical facts, and Pei Du commented on them according to history. What is convincing is that the inscription is very incisive and fluent, which makes people never tire of reading it. Zhuge Liang was admired by later generations because of his noble thoughts, decent style and no abuse of power for personal gain.

Liubeidian

Behind the second door is Liu Bei Hall, also known as Zhaolie Hall.

Liubeidian

Entering the main entrance of Wuhou Temple, you can see the magnificent Zhaolie Temple. Zhaolie Temple is a single-eaved building built on the mountain. There is a gold-plated statue of Liu Bei in the middle, 3 meters high, plump and solemn in appearance, with big ears and hanging shoulders. On the left is the statue of his grandson Liu Chen, the king of the northern land. The portrait of Liu Chan, the son of Liu Bei, the last ruler of Shu Han Dynasty, was removed by local officials in Sichuan in Song Zhenzong because Liu Chan was incompetent, unable to keep his inheritance and humiliated the country. Later, it was not reformed. When destroyed by Wei, his son Liu Chen went to Liu Bei's grave to cry and worship, and killed his family before committing suicide. On both sides of the temple, there are statues of Guan Yu, his son and Zhou Cang in the east, and statues of three generations of Zhang Fei's grandparents and grandchildren in the west, which show the different appearances and personalities of Guan and Zhang, and also reflect the same characteristics of their superb martial arts and incomparable bravery. On both sides of the east-west corridor, there are 14 statues of civil servants and military commanders in Shu and Han dynasties respectively. On the east side, Langfang, a civilian, is headed by Pang Tong, and on the west side, the gallery of military commanders is headed by Zhao Yun. Each statue is life-size, and there is a small stone tablet in front of it, on which its name and life are announced for the convenience of tourists. These statues, both in form and spirit, are magnificent, reflecting the superb clay sculpture skills of China folk artists in the Qing Dynasty. On the west wall of the main hall of Zhaolie Temple, there is a woodcut of "A Teacher's Watch" inscribed by Yue Fei, and on the east wall there is a woodcut of "Longzhong Dui" inscribed by modern calligrapher Shen. [2]

Zhuge Liang Dian

Behind Liu Bei's main hall, there are several steps down (Wuhou Temple is lower than Han Zhaolie Temple, symbolizing the relationship between monarch and minister in ancient times).

Zhuge Liang statue in Wuhou Temple

It is a big hall with a plaque of "Wuhou Temple". Wuhou Temple is the ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang was named "marquis of Wuhou" before his death, and posthumous title was named "loyal to the martial arts" after his death, so the ancestral temple in memory of him was called "marquis of Wuhou". On Zhuge Liang's main hall, there is a plaque with a name hanging in the universe, and on both sides is a book "Attack on the Heart" written by Zhao Fan of the Qing Dynasty: "If you can attack on the heart, you will bring about your own destruction. Since ancient times, you have known that soldiers are not good at fighting; Don't judge the situation, temper leniency with severity, and you have to think deeply in the future. " Couplets are famous couplets. By analyzing and summarizing the successes and failures of Zhuge Liang, the political power and Liu Zhang's political power, we remind future generations to learn from the experience and lessons of their predecessors when governing Shu, especially to pay attention to "attacking the heart" and "sizing up the situation". The main hall is dedicated to the statues of three generations of Zhuge Liang. In the center of the hall, there is a gilded statue of Zhuge Liang, wearing a nylon scarf and holding a feather fan. According to legend, the three bronze drums in front of him were made by Zhuge Liang when he led the army south, and they were called "Zhuge Drum". There are exquisite patterns on the drums, which are precious historical relics. The top beam of the main hall is made of ebony. The Book of Commandments written by Zhuge Liang to his son Zhuge Zhan says that "you can't realize your ambition without seclusion, and you can't realize your lofty ideal without despising worldly fame and fortune". Zhuge Zhan and his son were killed in the battle between Mianzhu and Wei general Deng Ai.

Wu Wen Gallery

In Wuhou Temple,

Hui Ling

All the important people in Shu have statues. Among them, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei all have special halls, while other important civil servants and military commanders are shaped in the civil and military corridors respectively. To the east is the Civil Service Gallery, headed by Pang Tong, followed by Jian Yong and Lu Kai. On the west is the corridor of military commanders, led by Zhao Yun, followed by Sun Gan, Yi Cheung, Ma Chao, Wang Ping and Jiang Wei.

There are 4 civilian military commanders/kloc-0 in the left and right corridors, totaling 28 civil and military officials. The official gallery of Dongfu is headed by Pang Tong, followed by Jian Yong, Lu Kai, Fu Yi, Fei Yi, Dong He, Deng Zhi, Kyle, Jiang Wan, Dong Yun, Fu Qin, Yang Hong, Ma Liang and Ji Cheng. Zhao Yun is the leader of the military commander gallery in Xifu, followed by Zhang Yi, Ma Chao, Wang Ping, Jiang Wei, Huang Zhong, Liao Hua, Fu Qian, Ma Zhong,,, and Feng.

Hui Ling

On the west side of Zhuge Liang Hall is the tomb of Liu Bei, which is called "Hui Ling" in history. Zhuge Liang personally chose the treasure land and buried Liu Bei here. The reflection records: "In August, Hui Ling was buried". According to the posthumous law, "Love the people like children, so it is called" Hui ",so Liu Bei's tomb was named" Hui ". Liu Bei's two wives, Gan and Wu, were also buried in the mausoleum. In front of Liu Bei's tomb, there is a stone tablet of "Tomb of Han Zhaolie" erected during the reign of Qing Qianlong. Mausoleum architecture consists of zhaobi, gate, Shinto and sleeping hall. A small Shinto was built in front of the mausoleum in Qing Dynasty. Hui Ling, like the main buildings of Wuhou Temple, faces south, adjacent to the west side of Hanzhaolie Temple and Wuhou Temple. There is a red wall between it and Wuhou Temple.

There are many calligraphy and paintings and couplets in Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, among which the most striking one is "Longzhong Dui" by modern calligrapher Shen. Wuhou Temple also has a stone carving of Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch" written by Yue Fei (the authenticity of this has always been controversial, and there is a saying that the first and second watches were actually written by Bai Lin, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, in the name of Yue Fei).

Sanyimiao

Sanyi Temple is now called Sanyi Temple,

Sanyimiao

In the early years of Qing Emperor Kangxi, it was founded by Zheng Jiaolin, governor of Sichuan. The fire caused by burning incense was destroyed in 49 years of Qianlong (1784), rebuilt in 49 years of Qianlong (1787) and completely restored in 22 years of Daoguang (1842). The buildings and plaques we see now are mainly relics of Daoguang period. Its building is a mixed structure, covering an area of 569㎡, with four halls and five halls, with a huge scale. After the collapse, only a few buildings were still well preserved, and were announced as municipal cultural relics protection units in Chengdu on 198 1. 1998 Due to the need of urban construction, Sanyi Temple was moved from prefect street to Wuhou Temple.

Famous inscription

His real name is Zhuge Wuhou, Prime Minister of Shu.

Famous inscription

In the East Pavilion between the gate and the second gate of Wuhou Temple. The monument is 367 cm high, 95 cm wide and 25 cm thick. It was founded in Yuanhe four years (809). Written by Pei Du, Prime Minister of Tang Dynasty, written by calligrapher Liu Gongzhuo (the younger brother of Liu Gongquan) and engraved by stonemason LuJian. Pei Wen, Liu Shu and Lu Ke are all excellent, so later generations are called the Three Wonders Monument. One saying and three unique points refer to Zhuge Liang's achievements, Pei Du's articles and Liu's calligraphy. [4] Inscriptions and inscriptions of Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties were engraved in Beiyang, Yin Bei and Beiyang.