1937165438+10/2, the national army withdrew from Shanghai. Yu Hung chun, the mayor of Shanghai, published a letter to the citizens, announcing the fall of Shanghai, the largest city in the Far East. The next day, the National Government issued a letter to all Shanghai compatriots. Therefore, the date of the fall of Shanghai is regarded as1937165438+10/2. A whole month later, the capital Nanjing fell. ?

On August 1945, Japan surrendered. The national government announced that Tang led the third army to take over the Shanghai-Nanjing area. 1945 September 12, a surrender ceremony was held in Shanghai. Shanghai was officially recovered.

1932 During the "February 28th Incident", Japanese naval generals Koichi Iwasawa and Saburo Nomura served as commanders of the Japanese invaders in Shanghai, and 28 ships of the Third Fleet of the Japanese Navy assembled in Shanghai, with its flagship Izumo moored at Huishan Wharf in Hongkou.

In February, when the Japanese navy was defeated, the 24th Brigade and 9th Division of the Japanese Army arrived in Shanghai under the leadership of Kenji Ueda, and then the 1 1 and14th Division arrived in Shanghai. The Japanese invaders were under the unified command of army general Ji Ze Masaaki Shirakawa.

On May 5, China and Japan signed an armistice agreement, which stipulated in principle that the Japanese army must completely retreat into the concession and Hongkou cross-border road construction area. In the same year, the Japanese army headquarters moved to No.20, Sichuan North Road.

1933 moved to Jiangwan Road 10. Since then, the Japanese army has purchased or rented land and houses in Hongkou and Huxi cross-border road construction areas for garrison.

1937 After the July 7th Incident, a large number of Japanese troops gathered in Shanghai. All the Japanese ships in the Yangtze River basin have arrived in Shanghai, and the land troops are basically the Japanese Navy Wu Zhenshou House, Yokosuka Zhenshou House and the Marine Corps of the Third Fleet.

After the "August 13th Incident", a large number of Japanese Lu Haijun occupied Shanghai. On August 22nd, the Shanghai Dispatching Army, composed of the 3rd Division and the 1 1 Division of the Japanese Army, arrived in Shanghai under the leadership of Commander Matsui Shigen.

In September, some troops of the 9th Division, 13 Division and 1 1 Division also belonged to the dispatched troops. 165438+ 10, the 6th, 18 and 14 divisions, landed in Hangzhou Bay with the cooperation of the Fourth Fleet of the Japanese Navy.

Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Shanghai was the largest rice consumption and distribution center in China. After the Japanese occupation, rice grain control was implemented, and the price of rice in Shanghai rose from per ton 14 yuan to 42 yuan 1939 in August.

Half of the rice that Shanghainese eat is shipped from Changshu and Taicang, and half is Siam rice from other countries. The rice in Changshu and Taicang cannot be stored for a long time. Only Siam rice can be preserved for a long time after baking by machine, so everyone snapped up Siam rice.

At that time, a film company in Shanghai had shot a series of "Mr. Wang" films that satirized reality. The first film is called "Mr. Wang has a hard time eating". There is even a rush to grab rice in the market.

An article at that time described that desperate hungry people even had to take risks and rob rice shops and rice trucks in droves. This created a unique "sweeping rice" landscape at that time, and grabbing scattered rice grains at the edge of rice fields became the goal that many people were looking for. They carefully cleaned the roadside with brooms, and these grains of rice were their dinner at night.

The political system of the Republic of China is characterized by "one-party dictatorship". Democratic advocates in the Kuomintang openly declared "one-party dictatorship" and simply refused competition among political parties. Democracy is only the democracy of the Kuomintang, not the democracy of the people. "Civil rights can only be enjoyed by those who support and practice Nationalism."

After the Revolution of 1911, China never had a parliament or a legal system. 19 12 from February to August, 85 political parties were registered in the interim government. Party politics is being tested, and the separation of powers is basically maintained. The whole country has a strong political and democratic atmosphere, and all aspects of society are in a very good development trend.

19 13 has more than 500 private newspapers. No party dares to set up a party group for the Federation of Industry and Commerce established in Shanghai, saying that it must be led by the United Front Work Department. Chiang Kai-shek inherited Sun Yat-sen's legacy, led the Northern Expedition, rebuilt the Nanjing National Government and unified China.

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Shanghai has once again become the base of China's cooperation. The second cooperation between China and Japan was in the mid-1930s when Japan was about to invade China on a large scale, and the * * * production party and the Kuomintang began negotiations to stop the civil war.

After all, we are all from China. How should we keep consistent with the outside world? The negotiation started from 1935, and one of the important locations was in Shanghai. China * * * production party is Pan Hannian, assistant to Mayor Chen Yi after liberation. He had a long talk with Zhang Chong, Chen Lifu and other KMT representatives.

There is a Cangzhou hotel on Nanjing West Road. Here, Pan Hannian handed Zhou Enlai's personal letter to Chen Lifu, and then formally drafted a draft agreement between the two parties to resist Japan and save the nation, which is cooperation. After the Xi Incident broke out, Song Meiling and Song Ziwen rushed to Shanghai to find Pan Hannian, hoping to keep people by sword. Chiang Kai-shek was later released peacefully.

Shanghai is an important battlefield in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in Shanghai twice. Let's briefly review the "November 28th" and "September 18th Incident". After that, Japan occupied the Northeast, and this battle was almost never fought. At that time, Japan wanted to do something in Shanghai, so it sent a female spy, Kawashima Yoshiko.

Yoshiko Kawashima was a princess of the Qing Dynasty. His father, Prince Su, didn't want to die in the Qing Dynasty. He hoped that by supporting the restoration of Japan, he married his daughter to the Japanese ronin Chuan Dao Su Lang. This Kawashima Yoshiko is both a victim and a perpetrator of the war of aggression against China. Because her adoptive father often raped her, she became a tool of militarism, so she simply stopped wearing women's clothes.

Chuan Dao Yoshiko made an accident in Shanghai. The accident happened on Shuangyang Road today. She ordered the Japanese ronin to put on the clothes of Chinese workers and attacked five monks who knocked on the wooden fish. The five monks were killed by 1 and two were injured. The Japanese Consulate General immediately said that Shanghai residents killed Japanese monks and sent more troops to Shanghai. 09321October 28th, 65438+65438 Japanese troops launched an attack on the 19th Route Army of Shanghai garrison.

The 19th Route Army fought bravely under the leadership of Cai Tingkai. Later, the National Government sent the Fifth Army to help the 19th Route Army, which fought to the death. Japan sent troops, which eventually increased to 50 thousand. There are also 50,000 troops in China. Shanghai people are very supportive. They heard that the 19th Route Army had not been paid for three months, so they donated 654.38 million French francs. China's army fought bravely, but the ammunition was getting less and less. The National Government never sent reinforcements, so on March 3, the war stopped. Finally, Britain and the United States mediated. As a result, on May 5, the "Songhu Armistice Agreement" was signed, and China troops withdrew from Shanghai.

The Japanese army has gone back, but the Japanese navy is still in Shanghai. Moreover, the Japanese navy has built a fortress at Sichuan North Road 12 1 today, which is the headquarters of the Marine Corps. Personally, I feel that the recently released "Life and Death Field-1937 Anti-Japanese War Record" is the best documentary.

The second Sino-Japanese War was called "August 13th Anti-Japanese War". From August 1937, 1 1, the 87th and 88th divisions of China's main force arrived in Shanghai, and then walked to Zhabei. On August 13, a patrol of the Japanese Marine Corps headed for Zhabei today at the edge of Tiantongan Station on Hengbang Road. China's security team set up sandbags and refused to let them come, so the Japanese army fired.

That night, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Zhang Zhizhong, commander of the Ninth Army, to take the initiative to attack the next day, so we took the initiative to attack on August 14. From Yangshupu to the Japanese battlefield, we attacked in an all-round way, and as soon as we attacked Japan, we shrank our defense lines. On the whole, we played well, but suffered heavy casualties.

On August 23, the campaign entered the second stage, landing and anti-landing, which lasted until September 1 1. When fighting in Shanghai, the Japanese cabinet immediately formed a Shanghai dispatch army and arrived at Wusongkou in the early morning of the 23rd to start landing. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek sent the 18th Army, with Chen Cheng as its commander, from Wusong and Baoshan to Chuanshakou and Luodian. However, there was no blocking terrain along the Yangtze River, and Japanese naval guns suffered heavy casualties, but China's army did not retreat.

Although we retreated, the battle lines between Shanghai and Songhu were relatively stable. 1October 5th, 165438+ Japan sent four more divisions to Shanghai, of which 10 army three divisions landed in jinshanwei, 16 division landed in Liuhekou,1October 2nd, Shanghai fell,1/kloc.

At that time, the Japanese clamored for the occupation of China for three months, only to occupy Shanghai for three months. This campaign wiped out at least 40,000 people, dealt a heavy blow to the enemy, made the world public opinion sit up and take notice, and also inspired the fighting spirit of China's soldiers and civilians. This battle bought time for our factories, universities and government agencies to retreat.

At that time, Chiang Kai-shek took the initiative to fight against Japan in Shanghai, forcing Japan to continuously reinforce and transfer Japanese troops from North China, Northeast China and Japan. Finally, Shanghai became its main attack direction. We gradually retreated westward along the Yangtze River, followed by the Japanese army. When we retreated from Shanghai to Nanjing, Nanjing could not keep retreating to Wuhan, and Wuhan still could not keep retreating to Yichang. Yichang still failed to hold the Three Gorges, so we kept the southwest anti-Japanese rear area and persisted in the war of resistance for a long time, which is also the important significance of the Shanghai-Song War of Resistance.