Guo Xiang:

1, Introduction

Guo Xiang (about 252 -3 12) was born in Luoyang, Henan. Philosophers and metaphysicists in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Guo Xiang is young and promising, especially fond of learning from Zhuangzi, talkative, and lives at home on weekdays. In his early years, he served as Situmao, assistant minister of Huangmen, chief priest of Yuzhou, and master book of Taifu. Have friends with Qiu Wang Yansu. At the end of Yongjia (3 12), Guo Xiang died of illness.

Guo Xiang was eager to pursue power, and the history books said that he was "in power, smoking inside and outside." Qian Mu criticized Guo Xiang for "flattery". In philosophy, Guo Xiang created the theory of "individualization" to explain the emergence and change of everything in the world.

On the relationship between Zoroastrianism and nature, he reconciled the two, thinking that Zoroastrianism conforms to human nature and human nature should also conform to Zoroastrianism. Guo Xiang also unified "promising" and "inaction" on the premise of "following the old rules"

Guo Xiang wrote Zhuangzi's Note, which turned the metaphors and metaphors in Zhuangzi into reasoning and argumentation. In addition, he wrote a brief introduction to The Analects of Confucius, which no longer exists.

2. Main achievements

Xiang and Guo's philosophy is the development stage of metaphysics. Xiang and Guo's philosophy are "individualization" and "metaphysics". The former inherited the pre-Qin self-generation theory, while the latter explored the spiritual realm.

Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties has undergone many changes from Yanhe, Wang Bi to Guo Xiang, but there is a very realistic problem running through it, that is, the relationship between "Ming Jiao" and "Nature". The change of metaphysical theoretical form revolves around this problem.

"Mingjiao" refers to the feudal hierarchy and moral norms, and "nature" refers to the so-called original state or natural nature of human beings and the natural nature and state of everything in the world.

Yan He, Wang Bi and other people who "govern by doing nothing" and "govern by doing nothing" began to put forward the view that nature is doing nothing and the famous religion is based on nature, hoping that nature will lead the famous religion and make it return to nature.

In Ruan Ji and Ji Kang's place, due to the complicated reasons of political struggle, they highlighted the idea of taking nature as the foundation and put forward the slogan "Let nature surpass the famous religion", which impacted the norms of the famous religion to some extent.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, celebrities and "nobles' children" turned pale when they talked about it, but "letting nature take its course" led a luxurious, dissolute and shameless life. Le Guang criticized this situation and said, "All famous religions have their own paradise, so why not!"

Pei Wei, on the other hand, wrote The Worship of Being, which is theoretically used to criticize inaction, advocate promising and deny inaction. Advocating Buddhism and rejecting nature. Later, Xiang Xiu further harmonized and unified Ming religion and nature in theory, but Guo Xiang replaced it with his masterpiece.