1927 "Ma Ri incident" in Hunan is a signal that the Wuhan Kuomintang counter-revolutionary faction headed by Wang Jingwei and the Nanjing counter-revolutionary faction headed by Chiang Kai-shek are openly converging. He Jian, the direct behind-the-scenes organizer of this incident, was one of the careerists hidden in the revolutionary camp at that time and a representative figure of the establishment of the landlord class in Hunan. In order to organize this counter-revolutionary rebellion, he reconciled a group of reactionary generals in the Northern Expedition Army, Kuomintang Rightists and some reactionary bureaucrats, politicians and big landlords in Hunan Province, made long-term careful preparations and conducted a series of conspiracy activities in the same lake. At that time, he was appointed as the commander of the 35th Army of the Fourth Army of People's Republic of China (PRC) Revolutionary Army (Commander-in-Chief Tang Shengzhi), and I was appointed as the captain of the student team of this army, stationed in Hanyang with this army.
1in late April, 927, I returned to Changsha with Yu Xiangsan, his agent who was sent to Hunan to plan the "Ma Ri incident", and participated in the behind-the-scenes activities of his mastermind, which had personal experience. Now, I will recall what I have learned and remember its outline so that I can regret it and prepare for historical reference.
He Jian's Counterrevolutionary Conspiracy in Wuhan
Although He Jian joined the National Revolutionary Army with Tang Shengzhi in 1926 and participated in the Northern Expedition, he did not approve of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's three major policies at all. It is said that in the winter of that year, when he led his troops to Yichang to talk with his cronies about the rise of the revolutionary movement of workers and peasants in Hunan, he thought that "the national revolutionary army won militarily and failed politically everywhere." In February of 1927, when he was ordered to lead troops from western Hubei to western Hunan and stationed in Changde, his fear and hatred for Hunan peasant movement and the whole revolutionary victory situation deepened. According to his ugly speech on the anniversary of 1928 "Ma Ri incident" (then the office of Qing Xiang Associated Press), he had a conversation with Wang Jiyong, director of the Political Department of the 35th Army in February 1927. When he spoke, he pretended to be a revolutionary face and talked about the truth that the army should be combined with workers and peasants in order to carry out the revolution to the end; Wang Jiyong also talked with him about the peasant movement and the transformation of the old army. He Jian himself said that he was "creepy" when he listened to what Wang said. What he said was his confession of deep fear and hatred for the peasant movement and the whole revolution at that time.
So1March 927, after he moved to Hanyang, he further seized the opportunity and plotted counter-revolution.
He Jian is surrounded by a group of think tanks, such as Tang Huanbin, chief of staff of the Army, secretary-general, director of the management department, Wu, director of the general staff, and Yi Shuzhu, secretary. The team he relied on became his "Zeng Zuopeng Tiger Career", and they were also big landlords in Liling. The 35th Army was formed with Liling's "children's soldiers" as the backbone. At this time, in He Jian's military headquarters and other assembly places, there were often some people talking about the peasant movement in Hunan and Hubei in twos and threes, spreading all kinds of rumors and slandering and vilifying the peasant movement. For example, "the wages sent home by officers and men were confiscated and distributed by the peasant associations"; "Someone's father was caught by the peasant association and swam around in a high hat"; Even "Hunan will implement * * * production and husband and wife" and so on. These rumors spread like wildfire. When some officials and relatives of landlords came to Wuhan, they brought all kinds of reactionary propaganda, which also became the center of discussion.
Once He Yaoqun's eldest daughter fled from Changsha to Hankou, and our student team attached a congratulatory letter to thank Wuhan for hosting her at Hankou Changjiang Hotel. I once went to see her with Xie. This big lady who usually hires someone to wait on her hair has been in Hankou for two days. Because no one has served her, she doesn't know how to wash and dress herself, and she looks flustered. This image of her has also become a topic of discussion and thinking among officials and assistants. In all kinds of gossip and discussions at that time, some people publicly expressed their hatred of the peasant movement and said, "This is too lawless." Some beat the table and cursed the * * * production party. "The revolutionary revolution has come to Laozi." Some people demand that the situation of the peasant movement be reported to the commander-in-chief Tang (Sheng Zhi) as "very bad" and that the government "correct" it quickly. When several evil gentry in Changsha, such as Li Youwen, Ye Dehui and Yu Shuqing, were sentenced to death by the revolutionary court in early April, there were even more rumors spread from Hunan to Wuhan troops. We hear more and more vicious comments among officers and assistants. Someone publicly threatened: "If this continues, we will only rebel at the bottom." He Jian is fully aware of the increasingly arrogant reactionary remarks of these officials. Not only did he not stop it, but he also skillfully used this reactionary feeling to arrange his confidants, and consciously revealed his anti-confession among officials and assistants, adding fuel to the fire and preparing for his conspiracy activities. For example, when Shi Min chatted after a meal, he publicly said, "Ye Cuihong (referring to Ye Qi, deputy commander of the 35th Army and teacher of the first division) and the commander always strike the table and scold the * * * production party and peasant associations, advocating their elimination. "
Because Wuhan was the center of the revolution at that time and the Northern Expedition was still going on, the real situation of the upper class of the Kuomintang in Wuhan was still unclear. He Jian's anti-* * conspiracy activities initially only dared to be carried out in secret between the rotating doctors around him and a few troops and teachers who had a deep personal relationship with him. For middle and lower-level officials, he still pretends to be a revolutionary face, shouts revolutionary slogans, and dares not openly show his intrigue.
He Jian's public exposure against * * is first manifested in the land issue. In the spring of this year, the Central Land Commission was established by the Wuhan Kuomintang Central Committee, and He Jian was one of the members. In April, when the Land Commission held a meeting to discuss the land plan, he publicly slandered the peasant movement at the meeting, listed the so-called "crimes" of the peasant movement in Hunan and Hubei, and resolutely opposed the confiscation of the landlord's land. Under the pressure of He Jian and his gang, the meeting formulated regulations to protect revolutionary soldiers' land from infringement, but still recognized the principle of confiscating big landlords' land. Of course, this land plan can't meet any key requirements. He shouted at the meeting, the original intention was just to open a gap for * * *. From this public counter-revolutionary clamour, he felt the importance of the Kuomintang Rightists in Wuhan, and his courage to carry out anti-conspiracy activities gradually increased. In particular, the counter-revolutionary mutinies launched by the Nanjing counter-revolutionary faction headed by Chiang Kai-shek in Shanghai, Nanjing and Guangzhou greatly inspired He Jian and his counter-revolutionary clique. His intention of betraying the revolution made him more determined and eager, and his anti-conspiracy activities also developed from the secret collusion of the upper level to the specific planning of the middle-level cadres.
One day in late April, He Jian talked with officers in the military staff office, and Yu Xiangsan and I were also present. After listening to everyone's dissatisfaction with the status quo, he said, "What's the use of your discussion, cursing and lamenting? Before the Commander-in-Chief went to Henan, I gave him a detailed report on the lawlessness of the peasant movement in Hunan and asked him what to do. He asked me to discuss something with Mr. Wang. Since the * * * production party is so rampant, there is nothing Mr. Wang Can can do. We talked a lot, but only got a copy of the Regulations on Land Security for Revolutionary Soldiers, which is just a dead letter and useless. They are still doing it. What can I do? " Under the words, resentment is abnormal. After a day or two, Yu Xiangsan and I went to the staff office to participate in the "small talk" of officials. Shimin said to everyone, "Only by learning from Chiang Kai-shek's practice in Beijing and Shanghai and trying to stop the activities of the * * * production party quickly can we save our lives." As soon as we heard it, we knew that He Jian wanted Shi Min to test the attitude of officers and assistants, and now we agreed with him. After so many brewing, officers and assistants expressed their willingness to obey the commander's command and wait for the opportunity to act.
At first, He Jian tried to disrupt the revolutionary mass rally led by the * * * Production Party, and began to carry out his anti-* * rebellion plot by sabotaging the mass movement in the city. In late April, he organized a mob (mainly plainclothes soldiers) in Hanyang to disrupt a workers' rally. But as soon as the rioters took action, they were quickly picketed and dispersed by workers, and the meeting went on as usual. After this failure, He Jian and his staff feel that this kind of stealing behavior can only vent temporary anger at most, and it will not be a "big deal" in the end. So they decided to abandon this method and take measures to launch a military coup. So, at the end of April, he took advantage of Tang Shengzhi's opportunity to go to the front line of Henan Province, invited senior generals to a meeting in Hankou, and the secret merchants launched the military rebellion plan of the Qing Party against * * *. Besides He Jian himself and his deputy commander, there were mainly Li, commander of the Eighth Army (and commander of Wuhan Police), Xia Douyin, commander of the 13th Independent Division, deputy commander of the 36th Army and acting chairman of the Hunan Provincial Government. During the negotiation, Xia Douyin advocated the fiercest anti-* * and strongly supported He Jian's attempt to launch a military coup. Li advocated reporting while performing, but everyone disapproved; Finally, I decided to do it in secret, but I didn't play with it. As for the location of the rebellion, at first they considered launching it in Wuhan; At that time, someone said to He Jian, "You have your own garrison in Hanyang. Why not do it in the nearby three towns of Wuhan? " But he didn't approve, and so did his staff. Li is even more afraid to take the lead. One of the reasons is that at present, everyone does not fully understand Tang Sheng's attitude towards the anti-* * Qing Party, for fear of making a big fuss, and no one is responsible for them; More importantly, the Ye Ting Division of the Fourth Army is stationed in Wuchang, and the picket power of the workers in the three towns of Wuhan cannot be underestimated. The success or failure of the mutiny is unpredictable. So, after repeated research, they decided to avoid Wuhan, first launch it in Hunan, then perform Xia Dou in southeastern Hubei, and then hold an event in Wuhan by He Jian's own troops and Li's eighth army camera, making it a great cause of "cleaning up the party and opposing * * *". At that time, He Jian stationed in Hanyang included not only his own troops, but also the independent 13th Division of Xia Douyin in Yichang, the 1st Division of the Eighth Army between Yueyang and Changsha, Zhang Guowei (and commander of Wuchang Road Protection), the 2nd Division of the Eighth Army, Wu Shang's Department, the 3rd Division of the Eighth Army, Li Yunjie's Department (both in Hankou), Xiong Zhen's Department of the Independent Brigade of Hunan Defense Forces (in Changde) and the 1st Division of the 35th Army.
Preliminary arrangements for He Jian to launch a military rebellion in Hunan.
He Jian chose Hunan as the first place to launch a mutiny against the * * army, which has various advantages, but there are also some difficulties, that is, Changsha does not have his direct troops; Ye Qishi was stationed in Yueyang, and there was no reason to ask for the troops in front to be transferred back.
After discussion with the staff office, it was decided to move the student team of Brigadier General 3 15 to Changsha for training on the grounds that there was no suitable station in Wuhan, and the student team was changed to the teaching group based on the Hanyang student team as the basic force to launch the Xiang rebellion. The plan was decided in late April; At the same time, it was decided that Wang Dongyuan should be the head of the teaching regiment, and Yan and Wei Zhen should be the heads of the teaching regiment. He immediately summoned Wang Dongyuan, Yan, Wei Zhen and others. , specially entrusted the task of going to Changsha, and with Yu Xiangsan as the agent, planned a military mutiny plot in Hunan, so that Yu Xiangsan and I led more than 40 newly graduated students from Hanyang Student Team to Changsha and handed them over to the backbone below Wang Dongyuan.
Wang Dongyuan went to Changsha first, set up a regimental headquarters at the 49 mark outside Xiaowumen, and set about organizing a training group. The plan is: the first brigade recruits hundreds of junior high school graduates to form two infantry squadrons, one machine gun company and one infantry gun company. It is limited to summer vacation, and it was established at bid 50, with Wei Zhen as the captain; The second brigade consists of four infantry companies, recruiting new recruits as soon as possible, and was established in the rear office of the 35 th Army in Xueyuan Street, with Liu Tao as the battalion chief; The third brigade is headed by Yan, and the establishment will not be prepared for the time being.
Yu Xiang and I returned to Changsha in early March and May. About two days before we left for Changchun, He Jian sent a car to pick us up and talked with the military. He Jian earnestly taught us: "When we arrive in Changsha, the most important thing is to master the troops. We should open the bayonet of our own troops well so as not to be caught off guard in an emergency. Pay special attention to the safety of the rear office. If anything happens, it will live and die with the rear office. This is your responsibility. " This is the first time that He Jian explained the task to me with such a serious attitude. I was a little nervous at that time. Yu Xiangsan saw my expression and knew that I didn't know all the ins and outs of the task. Later, on the bus back to Changsha with us, he solemnly further explained He Jian's intention to me. He said: "Now the peasant associations and workers in Hunan are very fierce. There are many guns and bullets in the back of our military school street, as well as some cannons and shells. I'm afraid the mob will rob me, and the commanders are very uneasy and it's not convenient to mobilize the troops in front. It is reasonable to do so, leaving no trace. Do a good job when you arrive in Changsha. " Although He Jian and Yu Xiangsan never made it clear to me that they were so-called "rational without showing traces", but "Si Mazhao's heart is known to everyone", at this time I already knew their sinister intentions.
About Yu Xiangsan
Why did He Jian choose Yu Xiangsan as the agent to plan the Hunan mutiny? Let's briefly introduce Yu Xiangsan's situation.
Yu Xiangsan, whose name is Wen Jia, is from Panchuan, Liling County. He graduated from the third phase of the Artillery Department of Baoding Military Academy and served as a platoon leader in Liu Department of Lingling Town. After Liu's death, he and his classmates He Jian organized guerrillas in Liling. 1920 served as the artillery company commander with Li Baobing, and fought against Wang Bu in Pingjin and Lixian, and his right foot was seriously injured, resulting in limping. Later, in order to take care of him, Zhao Hengti Municipal Government appointed him as the director of Li Jin Bureau of Li County, An (township). He took the opportunity to make some money and bought more than 100 stone fields in Liling's hometown. 1926 10 He went to Hankou to find He Jian. He appointed him as a military commander's staff officer and sent him to Hanyang Student Team as an instructor. I met him then.
Because he is a fellow villager, classmate and colleague, he Jian trusts him. Although I am the captain of the student team, if I have any decision on the personnel of the team manager, I must pass him to get the key approval; At the same time, he is also a part of the head of the student team, so I always rely on his support in my work, and he has an influence on me. He tried to claim that he didn't want to be an official or show his reputation. He just wants to do some idle errands, "talking to the staff." He had better play cards on weekdays and likes to play tricks. People who share the same smell with him often flatter him as a "strategist with military talent." He is indeed a schemer who is good at management and planning.
Soon after arriving at the 35 th Army, his "talent" was quickly appreciated by He Jian. He is in close contact with He Jian on weekdays and dares to "call a spade a spade". He Jian, an ambitious man who claimed to be the successor of Zeng Zuo's career, also won him over by accepting "advice when most is least heeded". Therefore, he is also loyal to He Jian in order to repay the kindness of "knowing each other". Just like Tang Huanbin, Wu and other reactionary advisers who were detained by He Jian at that time, Yu Xiangsan was also full of extremely reactionary feudal landlord thoughts, harboring a deep hatred for the * * * production party and fundamentally opposing Dr. Sun Yat-sen's three major policies. One day, the student team of the 35th Army held the "Prime Minister's Memorial Week" for the first time, and the second division commander Liu represented He Jian in the team. When all the teachers and students read the Premier's will together with Gong Liu, the voices were uneven, one after another, which caused a lot of trouble in the city. Yu Xiangsan is very anti-conscious about reading the will of the Prime Minister. After the meeting, he said to me, "It's a fucking thing to carry a sun cannon." Ning Xiang (national party member), the political instructor of the student team, once told the student team about farmer physical education class and recited several articles he didn't understand. After class, Yu Xiangsan asked him, "You left an armed peasant and right an armed peasant. How can you be fully armed? " Ning Xiang was speechless and had to say, "What can I do?" Yu Xiang San seems to be deep on weekdays, and does not easily show his ugly and dirty thoughts in the depths of his soul. Everyone close to him knows that he is one of the people who firmly advocate Zhang against * * * around He Jian, and is also one of the direct participants in He Jian's party consolidation against * * * conspiracy. After "Ma Ri incident", he served as the director of Hunan Provincial Public Security Department; When He Jian was appointed as the office of Qing Xiang Association of Hunan Province, he was actually in charge of the National Defense Training Institute of Hunan Youth League. When He Jian was the chairman of Hunan provincial government and commander-in-chief of the Fourth Route Army, he suggested establishing a cadre school of the Fourth Route Army to cultivate clique forces. He Jian was appointed as the general staff of the Fourth Route Army Command and the provincial government adviser.
Yu Xiang's activities after his three trips to Changsha
After I returned to Changsha with Yu Xiangsan in early May, I felt that the momentum of the revolutionary movement of workers and peasants in Hunan was stronger than that in Wuhan, and the struggle between revolution and counter-revolution was extremely sharp. So, my heart is mixed with fear and dissatisfaction, and I am somewhat shaken by He Jian's anti-* * task. And Yu Xiangsan's rebellious will against * * is firm and eager. On one occasion, when he and Wang Dongyuan, Yan and I discussed the recruitment of the training regiment, they said that they would fight the * * * production party to the end at the expense of their own lives.
The strength of launching military mutiny is the first problem that mutiny planners should consider. He Jian initially tried to win over Zhang Guowei's army and act as the main force of the insurgents.
On May 12, He Jian sent Zhang Guowei a secret letter and a huge sum of money to Zhang Guowei to discuss the matter. And I want Yu Xiangsan to help me and push it all out. In his letter to Zhang, he advocated attacking revolutionary organs with plainclothes riflemen first, then sending regular troops to cover plainclothes riflemen, surrounding and destroying these organs in the name of maintaining order, taking the opportunity to expand the situation and holding an open anti-* *. Zhang Yipeng, then the military director and acting chairman of Hunan provincial government (a native of oeO Pool, Liling, once served as the general instructor of tactics in Baoding Military Academy, and later served as the chief of staff of the former enemy headquarters of Tang Shengzhi Northern Expeditionary Army and the general headquarters of the Fourth Army), had fellow villagers and friendship between teachers and students with He Jian and Yu Xiangsan. Entrusted by He Jian, Yu Xiangsan told Zhang Yipeng in detail the plot of the Qing Party against * *, and presided over his serious business in Zhang Guowei. Zhang Guowei said that the main force of his army had left Yueyang, and he was unwilling to accept his life. In fact, because of his personal doubts about He Jian, he has no reason to want to use it. At the same time, because of my attitude towards Tang Shengzhi, I'm afraid I can't bear the responsibility. (Soon, the surplus grain he left also went to Yueyang. ) At this time, the troops stationed in Changsha also had the Fourth Army Guard Corps, headed by Zhou Rongguang, the commander of Changsha police, and his four battalions were stationed at 49 and 50 tenders respectively, with the strongest strength. In addition, Li's Eighth Army Training Regiment is stationed outside Liuyang Gate, and its head, Li Dianchen (Prestige), is a recruit under his command, so he can't make a difference alone. The recruit plan of Wang Dongyuan's 35 th Army Training Corps has not yet been realized; Tao Liu is still in Hanyang (as a battalion commander in the 3rd Division of Daoguang 35th Army). After Yu Xiang's plan to pull Zhang Guowei failed, he consulted Zhang Yipeng and asked him to listen to the report of Rong-guang Zhou's delegation in the name of acting chairman. Although Zhang Yipeng really agreed with He Jian's mutiny plot and strongly supported Yu Xiangsan's planning, he was not sure about Tang Shengzhi's real attitude. Rong-guang Zhou is also a direct unit of Tang, afraid that he would reveal secrets and affect himself, so he dare not order Rong-guang Zhou to do such evil deeds.
Yu Xiangsan saw that the plan to attract the above-mentioned troops stationed in the long army to launch a mutiny could not be realized at the moment, so he turned to Wang Dongyuan and Yan to discuss with me, and advocated that in the name of the rear office of the 35 th Army, recruits should be recruited immediately, and a training regiment should be set up as soon as possible, with me as the director of the rear office and responsible for recruitment. I felt very embarrassed about this task and asked Yu Xiangsan, "Without the above orders, can we confess ourselves?" Who will bear the responsibility of unauthorized recruitment? " He confidently said: "I can be responsible for Qiao Yun (referring to the key); Zhang Aihong (referring to Zhang Yipeng) is our best friend. What are you afraid of? " In order to recruit, Yu Xiang chased me home every day and asked me to write a manuscript quickly. At the height of the revolution, it was impossible to raise the banner to attract hundreds of people as in the past. At this time, it is feasible to recruit soldiers in rural areas only through peasant associations, and there are actually no soldiers to recruit in Changsha.
After a day or two, it happened that Liu Tao came to Changsha from Hanyang with more than 200 veterans. This has solved the big problem of our own recruitment. After Tao Liu arrived in Changsha, he served as the director of the rear office of the 35th Army, and based on more than 200 veterans he brought, he formed three companies as the basic team of the 35th Army Training Corps. The original proposal of independent recruitment is not as urgent as it used to be, and Yu Xiang's three pairs of students have doubts about the practice of leading troops, so the recruitment is virtually put on hold.
Tao Liu also resolutely opposed the re-recruitment uprising. When we discussed the specific steps of the uprising, Tao Liu said, "Time is pressing now. If you want to start again through conscription, I don't know when to wait? " Everyone thinks that if you want to remember things successfully, you still need to use regular troops. If we rely solely on the troops of the 35 th Army Training Corps, every move will be wiped out. Tao Liu suddenly remembered his great friend. At that time, the Xu Kexiang Independent 33rd Regiment stationed in Xiangxiang and Xiangtan came. He introduced Xu Kexiang and his troops, and highly recommended him as useful. After * * * been contemplating, it was decided that Zhang Yipeng was invited by Yu Xiang Sanshang to transfer the 33rd regiment of Xu Kexiang to Changsha as the main force and launch a mutiny in the name of strong Changsha. Zhang Yipeng agreed to do so.
About Xu Kexiang.
Xu Kexiang, born in Xiangxiang County, was a soldier in the late Qing Dynasty. 19 12 joined Heng Qing Department of Baojun Garrison as company commander, and then joined Zhu Lv as battalion commander. When Zhao Hengti was in charge of Hunan, Xu Sui was appointed as the battalion commander. Later, Zhao Hengti solved the brigade, and another battalion commander of Chen Brigade dragged the team to the department of Cai Juyou, commander of Xiangxi, and became the battalion commander of the ninth brigade. At that time, Cai Juyou was rampant in western Hunan. His troops specially protected and transported opium soil for merchants selling crow slices in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces, and collected transit taxes to pay their salaries, which made great profits. Xu Kexiang's wife is a prostitute, good at pimping, and has close contacts with tobacco dealers, from which she has benefited a lot. Later, Xu bought 100 mu of land in Xiangxiang. 1926, Yuan Zuming, a warlord in Guizhou, entered Xiangxi, and Xu defected to Yuan Zuming as a brigade commander. That winter, Xu entered Changde with Yuan. At that time, the tutor ordered Tang Xuanzong to solve Yuan Bu, and Zhou sent people to instigate and cooperate to kill Yuan Zuming. Subsequently, Xu Department was incorporated, and Xu was appointed as the head of the 33rd regiment of the Independent Regiment, leading his troops to carry out training and consolidation in Xiangxiang and Xiangtan.
This outlaw, who is used to running around in the Middle East in the warlord melee, has the kind of adventure Why Key needs that ambitious people like. When Zhang Yipeng transferred troops to Changsha, he was flattered. He resolutely assumed the responsibility of military rebellion, which also made Zhang Yipeng and Yu Xiangsan gain great wealth. After the incident, the county gentry, landlords, reactionary bureaucrats, politicians and other counter-revolutionaries who fled to Changsha all regarded Xu Kexiang as a "savior" and praised him as "courageous and knowledgeable". Some big landlords still worship his immortal memorial tablet at home; A group of landlords and gentry in Xiangxiang specially set up a big "monument" for the executioner in front of the county town of yunmen temple, and He Jian and several of his men wrote an inscription for it, "singing praises".
Planning and layout on the eve of the incident
On May 14 and May 15, Xu Kexiang troops were ordered by Zhang Yipeng to be transferred to Changsha and stationed in the artillery team outside Xiaowumen. When he first arrived in Changsha, he was still worried about the responsibility of military rebellion and refused to shoulder the heavy responsibility alone. Zhang Yipeng, Yu Xiangsan, Tao Liu and others emphasized the necessity of "cleaning up the Party and opposing * * *"; Tao Liu also told him that this is an excellent opportunity to be rich; Under the flattery of all sides, he resolutely assumed the role of counter-revolution against depth charges. At this time, Zhang Yipeng, Yu Xiang, etc. Also went behind the scenes, just like He Jian. Zhang Yipeng played with his double-dealing tactics, while continuing to pretend to be a revolutionary face, while secretly actively supporting Yu Xiangsan's conspiracy activities, and all foreign activities were completely carried out by Xu Kexiang.
From Xu Kexiang to Changsha, the preparations for the rebellion of the counter-revolutionary clique made a big step forward. Xu Kexiang not only preached everywhere, publicly incited hatred of peasant associations and workers' pickets, but also organized his officers and men to go deep into friendly forces to carry out a series of activities, and used the families of military officers to carry out extensive anti-* * propaganda for relatives and friends living in the provincial capital; Create and spread all kinds of ugly slanderous revolutionary movements of workers and peasants and shake people's hearts, and do everything possible to arouse the hatred of the lower officers and men against the * * * production party and revolutionary movements. Xu Kexiang once made a public rumor to the officers and men of his own army, saying that a platoon leader of his department was shopping in Xiangtan Street, and was caught by the picket parade in public, and was finally killed by a disorderly stick. Yu Xiangsan also spread rumors everywhere, saying that a battalion commander in Liling County was shot by the peasant association. The company commander of an army in Taoyuan County was stabbed to death by the peasant association with a shuttle tag.
Regarding the method of launching a mutiny, Yu Xiangsan initially wanted to follow the method proposed by He Jian in his letter to Zhang Guowei. He thinks that this can not only achieve the purpose of evil, but also reduce the responsibility for He Jian. Xu Kexiang and Tao Liu are firmly opposed to this method. They believe that doing so can not only completely destroy the activities of the * * * production party and various revolutionary organs, but also contact all the officers and men who have been stationed in the army for a long time one by one in advance to strive for * * * common action. In fact, they can't do it, and they may even be devastated. After a meeting attended by Xiang San, Wang Dongyuan, Tao Liu, Li Dianchen, Yan and Wei Zhen (about 17 May), they discussed it again and decided to launch a mutiny by open military action. The meeting was held in the regimental headquarters in Xu Kexiang.
The meeting decided that Xu Kexiang should be the commander-in-chief of the mutiny, his 33rd regiment should be the main force of the mutiny, and the rear area troops of Tamia Liu's 35th Army should cooperate with other long-term troops. As for the date of launching the mutiny, it is generally decided to be May 2 1 day (because this day is Sunday, which is conducive to a sudden launch), but it will still be finalized according to the progress of the preparatory work. At the meeting, Yu Xiangsan took the first responsibility for his smile, praised the award and said in public: "Now we openly elect Colonel Xu as the head of the team, and everyone should visit him more." Wang Dongyuan is also a schemer who actively opposes * * *, but he dare not make a move. Now that Xu Hetao is willing to launch it at the first time, he is naturally willing to show it.
At this time, the unfinished preparations for rebellion are mainly to find ways to get in touch with other long-term garrison and military organs. Before Xu Kexiang's regiment was transferred to Changsha, except for Zhou Rongguang's regiment, all other troops were connected with Yu Xiangsan. At first, it was the third branch of the Central Military and Political School of Xiaowumen tinker (presided over by Shi). Later, through the relationship between its team leader Xie and team leader Wen Jiude, they quickly got in touch. At the meeting on May 17, everyone focused on analyzing the situation of Zhou Rongguang. In view of his unclear attitude at present, they decided to directly pull several battalion commanders to which he belongs, and strive for them to take a bystander attitude when Xu and Tao troops acted.
At this point, Xia Douyin has launched a rebellion against * * * in Yichang, and his rebellious department is rapidly approaching Yueyang and Linxiang, pointing directly at Wuchang. Wuchang railway traffic was blocked, and the long-rumored He Jian's conspiracy against * * * was further confirmed by Xia Douyin's rebellion. (At this time, Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing government has announced Xia Douyin's anti-* * electricity. Xia Douyin's early launch disrupted He Jian's original plan of "lifting the two lakes at the same time", leaving no room for standby action and calm preparation. * * * Xiang leaders, at this time seems to have begun to perceive the seriousness of the situation, once asked Zhang Yipeng to transfer its long-term garrison to Yueyang to increase its defense, in order to prevent Xia Douyin's southward rebellion. Zhang tried every means to evade and obstruct this.
The mutiny is imminent and the situation is even more tense. /kloc-on the evening of 0/9, when the workers' picket patrolled the rear office of the 35th Army in Xueyuan Street, the garrison in the rear office took the opportunity to falsely claim that the picket attempted to seize the guns in the rear office, openly fired a gun and provoked, and handed over the guns of more than a dozen pickets. After serious negotiations by the party leader, it was not returned until the next day.
At this time, I saw that in the face of the revolutionary forces of workers and peasants, the prestige of rural landlords had been swept away, and the evil gentry in the city, such as Li Youwen and Ye Dehui, had been overthrown; Now a handful of us have to confront the revolution head-on, and success or failure is unpredictable. Who will take responsibility for us in case of failure and disaster? I feel a little heavy when I think about all this. But I have boarded the thief boat driven by He Jian, and the above-mentioned occasional heaviness is fleeting. But regarding Yu Xiangsan's planning, Wang Dongyuan and I have the same idea, that is, let Xu Kexiang and Tao Liu go out to do it, so that they won't make public appearances at critical moments.
The launch of "Ma Ri incident"
On May 2, 20927, at about 5 pm, I returned to my home outside the South Gate from Bid 49, trying to tell my family about my nervousness, telling them not to panic when they heard a gunshot outside, and asking my wife to immediately inform my sister Wei Bin (born in party member * * * and later defected) to flee quickly. Shortly after I got home, Yu Xiangsan suddenly came to my house and was very anxious. I haven't seen him for two days. It turned out that he went to Yueyang on 18 night and came back the day before. He told me about the tasks and achievements of this trip to Yueyang. As Xia Douyin's rebel army is approaching Yueyang and Linxiang, we must inform the troops stationed in Yueyang of our plan to launch a rebellion in Changsha, and ask them to closely cooperate with Xia Douyin's troops and support our launch in Changsha: Ye Qi concentrated its troops in Yueyang and Tongcheng, and prevented Xia Douyin's rebel army from going south to Changsha, but actually cooperated with Xia Department to prevent Wuchang Ye Ting Division from going south; In addition, Ye Qi also informed Xiong Zhen's troops in Changde to cooperate with Changsha's rebellion. After saying these words, Yu Xiangsan solemnly said to me: "Now I have decided to launch tonight as originally planned. Why are you still at home? " I said, "I have nothing to do now." He said, "Why is it none of your business? Hurry back to the camp, contact several battalion commanders of the guard regiment and ask them to visit Colonel Xu. " When I got back to Bid 49, Zhou Rongguang and Anmin's battalion commanders were waiting at the door. I'll take them to see Xu Kexiang immediately.
At this time, the 49 th bid arrived at the artillery team ping area, and many sentries were set up along the way, which was heavily guarded. When we arrived at our residence, Xu immediately said to us loudly, "I have decided to start work at 6:5438+0 1 tonight." His plan of action is: the martial law around Nanzheng Street and Nanmenkou and the attacks by the Federation of Trade Unions, the Public Security Bureau and the special court in Dongmao Lane and Dongchang Street are under the responsibility of Tao Liu's troops; Martial law and attacks on revolutionary organs in other regions are the responsibility of Xu Kexiang's army.
At night 1 1, gunshots rang out in the city. Outside and East of Liuyang Gate