When Seymour directed the allied forces to move out of Tianjin, the Boxer Rebellion demolished the railway and stopped the invading army from advancing. On 1 1 and 12, the allies only advanced more than 40 miles. /kloc-On the afternoon of 0/3, the Boxer Rebellion and Seymour Allied Forces joined forces in Lofa and Langfang. They used backward weapons such as broadswords, spears and rifles to fight bloody battles with the invading army, showing great courage and sacrifice. After dismantling the railway connecting Beijing, the Boxer Rebellion destroyed the railway and telephone poles east of Rogge, burned the Yangcun Bridge, and cut off the communication and telecommunications between the invading army and the Tianjin Concession. On 18, Wuwei Hou Jun (Gan Jun) of Dong Fuxiang joined the battle. Seymour Coalition forces were defeated and forced to retreat to Yangcun, where they won several wooden boats and carried the wounded and the trench down the river. The rest of the troops fled along the river in the direction of Tianjin, and were chased and intercepted by the Boxer and the Qing army. On the 22nd, they seized the Xigu armory and got a breathing space. Then surrounded by the Qing army and the Boxer Rebellion. It was not until 26th that he was rescued by a reinforcement in Tianjin and fled back to the concession, killing nearly 300 people. Seymour admitted, "If the Boxers use western-style guns, the allies they lead will be wiped out."
After the siege of Seymour Coalition forces, there was no news from the outside world. On June 15, the naval generals of various countries discussed rescue measures in Dagu, and Russia proposed that the armies of various countries jointly seize Dagu Fort. 16 that night, they issued an ultimatum to the defenders of China, and abandoned the battery camp before two o'clock the next morning and took it over by other countries, otherwise they would seize it by force. Otani ShouJiang Luo Rongguang flatly refused. That night, the navies of Britain, Russia, Japan, Germany and other countries organized commandos to storm Dagu Fort under the cover of gunboats. The defenders fought bravely against the enemy, the fortress fell, and the gateway to Tianjin opened. The news of the fall of Dagubao reached Beijing, and on 2 1 day, the Qing government issued a decree declaring war on foreign countries. The Boxer Rebellion and the Qing army began to besiege the embassy and the Forty Ku Church.
Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Tientsin.
The outbreak of the Boxer Rebellion, especially the Boxer Rebellion's entry into Beijing and the Qing government's declaration of war, prompted the people's anti-imperialist struggle to quickly sweep across the country. Almost all the thirty-four counties in Zhili and Shuntianfu (now Beijing) participated in the resistance struggle. More than 90 churches have been demolished in more than 50 states, departments and counties in Shanxi. The Mongolian, Han and Hui people in Inner Mongolia took an active part in the struggle against the Catholic Church until mid-September. The church in Cao Zhou was demolished. Northeasters destroyed the railway built by Russia in Fengtian and burned churches in Jilin, Changchun and Hulan. Churches south of the Yellow River in Henan, except Nanyang and Xinye, have been demolished. Zhejiang secretly organized the masses to destroy churches and killed many priests in Yazhou. The masses in Jiangxi destroyed 39 churches in France, Britain, the United States and Germany, Hunan burned down the Catholic Church in Hengzhou, and Anhui Susong and other churches were burned down. Boxers appeared in Nanjing, Jiangsu, Xiamen, Fujian, Xiangzhou, Guangxi and Liangzhou, Gansu, calling for an anti-church struggle. The Faying Church in Kunming, Yunnan Province was burned by the masses, and more than ten churches in Dayi, Qiongzhou and Mingshan, Sichuan Province were burned. Guangdong Shunde, Nanhai and other places will gather to burn churches. In Xiangzi County, Guizhou Province, he practiced boxer boxing and divided bars. The hua county and other churches were destroyed by the Society of Elder Brothers in Weinan, Shaanxi. Tianjin sent people to Yili, Xinjiang to start practicing boxing. In the Shanghai Concession under the direct rule of imperialism, "rumors are everywhere and people are in panic", which makes the invaders fidgety.
Before the fall of Dagubao, the Boxer Rebellion in Tianjin burned down churches such as Cangmenkou and Wanghailou. The invading army of the concession came out to interfere. Russian troops entrenched in the old leading railway station shelled the Boxer Rebellion, causing heavy casualties. Cao Futian led the Boxer Rebellion to attack the concession and the railway station, which started the battle of Tianjin. They destroyed the railway, stopped the aid from Dagu and fought tenaciously. The news of the fall of Dagu spread to Tianjin, and Nie Shicheng and his former Wuwei army entered the war and shelled the Tianjin Concession. Troops from various countries in Dagu rushed to Tianjin in an attempt to meet the invading army in the concession. On June 2 1 day, the boxer rebellion and the Qing army repelled the joint attack of Russian and American troops. On the 23rd, more than 2,000 people from Russia, Britain and the United States forcibly broke into the concession. Troops from Britain, the United States and other countries arrived one after another, and the number increased to more than 8,000. After Seymour allied forces fled back to the concession, the total number of Tianjin allied forces exceeded 10 thousand. They organized their forces to fight back and attack the suburbs of Tianjin. On the 27th, the Russian army joined forces with the British and American troops to attack the Beiyang Machinery Bureau (East Bureau) in Jiajiagu, on the east bank of Haihe River. After tenacious resistance, the defenders retreated one after another and the machinery bureau was sealed up. At the end of June, Zhang Decheng led the Boxer Rebellion in Liu Du Town of Jinghai to go to Tianjin to participate in the war, and Ma Yukun, the left-wing army of Wuwei stationed inside and outside Shanhaiguan, also went to Tianjin one after another. In early July, the Qing army and the Boxer organized a joint operation. Zhang Decheng led the Boxer Rebellion and Ma Yukun led the Qing army to attack the Concession, Cao Futian led the Boxer Rebellion to attack the Old Dragon Head Railway Station, Nie Shicheng and his men guarded the South Gate of Guangzhou Machinery Bureau (West Bureau), and sent some troops and training to attack the East Bureau. In this battle, the Boxer Rebellion and the Qing army cooperated with each other and fought actively and tenaciously, which made the invading army tremble with fear.
On July 9th, armies from all over the world jointly attacked the area around Guang Hai Temple, and Nie Shicheng led the troops to fight back. The artillery was killed and the West Bureau of Guang Hai Temple was taken. Nie Shicheng was brave and good at fighting, and fought against the enemy in the concession many times, which made the invading army frightened. At that time, people recorded: "Westerners say that they have never met such a brave soldier since the war with China." After Nie Shicheng's death, Buma and most of his 30 battalions were scattered, and the Tianjin city defense was weakened. The next day, Song Qing, Deputy Representative of Beiyang Military Affairs, went to Tianjin to preside over the war. 13 On June 38, the allied forces invaded and shelled Tianjin, and the whole city caught fire. At that time, all the way from Russia to Germany, led by Russian Lieutenant General, attacked the naval battalion (Black Battalion) in the northeast corner, and the other route was composed of Japanese, American, British, French and Austrian troops, with about 5,000 people, under the command of Japanese Major General Fukushima, and directly attacked the south gate of Tianjin from Guang Hai Temple. Outside the south gate, it turned out to be a pond depression, and the Boxer Rebellion dug a dike to release water and turned it into Zeguo. Ma Yukun's troops and He Yongsheng's troops are well-trained, stick to the city and bombard the enemy. Boxers intercepted the enemy in trenches and reeds outside the city. In the battle, more than 800 officers of the 9 th Infantry Regiment and below were killed. This is the fiercest battle in Tianjin. That night, under the protection of Ma Yukun and others, Yulu fled to Beicang. 14, Japanese engineers bombed the south gate, the enemy invaded Tianjin through the gap in the city wall, and the black battery was also occupied by the Russian army. After the fall of Tianjin, the invading army wantonly burned, killed and looted, which was extremely vicious and outrageous.
After the fall of Tianjin, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army called a meeting of senior officers from various countries to set up an interim government in Tianjin (namely, "Tianjin Dutong Yamen") in an attempt to have a Russian colonel as the chief executive. Other countries objected, so instead, Russia, Britain and Japan each sent an officer to form a Committee (and later a German officer was added). This institution colonized Tianjin and its adjacent areas for two years until 1902 was abolished in August. Just after the fall of Tianjin, Russia seized nearly 6,000 mu of land on the east bank of Haihe River and designated it as a Russian concession, which exceeded the total area of the original British-French-German-Japanese concession. Other Belgium, Austria-Hungary and Italy, which have no concession in Tianjin, demand the establishment of a concession, while Britain, Germany and Japan, which have occupied the concession, demand the expansion, so there is a situation in which imperialism divides Tianjin.
/kloc-after the allied forces occupied Tianjin in July/April, there were many internal contradictions, and there were endless arguments about when to invade Beijing. Until August 4th, about 20,000 allied forces from various countries set out from Tianjin to attack Beijing, including about 8,000 Japanese troops, 4,800 Russian troops, 3,000 British troops, 2,000 American troops, 400 French troops, and insufficient Italian and Austrian troops 100. The Germans didn't take part. The invading army was divided into two roads, with Japan, Britain and the United States as the right wing and advancing along the west bank of the North Canal. Russian, French, Italian and Austrian troops are on the left, marching along the east bank of the North Canal. At that time, there was no commander-in-chief, and it was agreed that leaders of various countries would meet every night to make a battle plan for the next day. In order to stop the enemy from advancing, the Qing army built a position in Beicang, burst its banks and released water, which flooded a large area between Xigu and Beicang, and some places also buried mines and mines. The next day, the allied forces attacked Beicang mainly by Japanese troops. The Qing army struggled to resist and killed 400 enemy soldiers, but Beicang fell. On the 6th, British, Russian and American troops attacked Yangcun. The Qing army faced defeat and Yulu committed suicide. More than a week after the Qing government declared war, it instructed foreign embassies to assure governments that they would "try to punish the Boxer Rebellion by themselves" and ordered military affairs ministers Rong Lu and Wu Weijun to send people to foreign embassies to negotiate a truce. Later, he repeatedly appealed to the governments of Russia, Japan, Britain, France, Germany and the United States for mediation. However, all the peace-seeking activities of the Qing government were fruitless. On August 7, the Qing government appointed Li Hongzhang as the representative of the peace talks, and the e-commerce countries stopped fighting, and the frontline generals were even more demoralized. 1 1 day, the allied forces approached Zhangjiawan and assisted Li Bingheng, the military affairs minister of Wuwei, to commit suicide. In June of 5438+02, the invading army occupied Tongzhou. The next day, the Russian army took the lead in attacking Dongbianmen, and the Japanese army immediately attacked Chaoyangmen and Dongzhimen. The war was fierce, and the Qing army went to reinforce. The defenders of Guangqumen were empty, and the British attacked by taking advantage of the gap. 14 Beijing fell. The next morning, Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled in a hurry. 16 The siege of Siku Church is over. On the way to exile, Cixi issued the "Order to Suppress Bandits", ordering all officers and men to suppress the Boxers and kill them all. After the allied forces occupied Beijing, they burned, killed and looted. In addition to the officers and men of the invading army, missionaries, diplomats and expatriates also participated in the robbery. Many houses in Beijing have become rubble piles, and the bodies of murdered people can be seen everywhere. Eight-Nation Alliance divided the whole city into several occupied areas, exercised military rule and suppressed residents' resistance. Britain, Germany, France and other troops continue to send troops to attack the city. In September, Russian troops occupied Beitang, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao and took control of the Beijing-Tianjin-Shanhaiguan railway. German Marshal Wadesi led twenty thousand German troops to China and served as commander-in-chief of the Allied Forces. In mid-June, 5438, troops from Germany, Britain, France and Italy attacked Baoding from Beijing and Tianjin. Until April of the following year, Wadesi organized 46 "crusade teams"
(Thirty-three of them were Germans) invaded from four places, reaching Niangziguan and Zijingguan in the west, Zhangjiakou in the northwest and Lu Zhi border in the south. Wherever we go, we burn, kill and rob, and do all kinds of evil.