An Introduction to Indian National Uprising points out that this is the first national uprising initiated by the Indian people in order to overthrow the rule of the British East India Company. Later, because the British East India Company's large number of troops and advanced equipment in India led to British colonial rule, the first national uprising ended in failure.
It is recorded in "Introduction to Indian National Uprising" that from the middle of19th century, Britain colonized India by various means, established the notorious East India Company, promoted Christianity in India, took India as the industrial raw material producing area, and hired Indian employees at low prices, which made the Indian people suffer humiliation. Later, because the British hired Indians as troops, the British provided a bullet with lard as lubricant, and the hired Indians were dissatisfied, so an uprising broke out.
A Brief Introduction to the Great Indian National Uprising explains this point in detail. 85 Indian mercenaries refused to use bullets coated with lard and were severely punished. After that, the 1 1 regiment and the 20th regiment released three regiments together to jointly attack the British residential areas and all Christian Indians and burn their houses. At that time, the garrison of the British town thought that the number of Indian insurgents was equal to that of the garrison of the town, and the British army was advanced in equipment, so it did not inform the garrison of other colonial areas, but it did not control the situation later. 1 1 In May, the insurgents occupied Delhi, with the former Indian emperor as the leader of the insurgents, and then continued to slaughter the British and Christians there. Later, the Indian national uprising ended in failure because the British government mobilized large forces to suppress the rebels.
What are the reasons for the failure of Indian national uprising?
There are three main reasons for the failure of Indian national uprising.
The first is the strong suppression by the British. When the Indian national uprising broke out, the British colonists were very afraid. At the beginning of the uprising, the British government thought it necessary to suppress the uprising as soon as possible. At that time, Indian soldiers accounted for 80% of the British army, and in this uprising, local soldiers played the role of the main force, which led the British army to mobilize troops from all over the world to suppress the uprising. The disparity in quality and equipment between the two armies is one of the reasons for the failure of the Indian national uprising. Then, at that time, the leaders of the Indian national uprising were mainly feudal princes, and the uprising team was United by local Indian soldiers and farmers. In response to this phenomenon, Britain adopted a policy of wooing feudal princes, which made most princes unable to withstand the temptation of interests and rose up against the uprising.
Finally, the most important reason why the Indian national uprising failed was that there was no outstanding leader who could not command the soldiers in a unified way. At the same time, there was no breakthrough in strategy, just blindly defending, which made the British army take the initiative. But the soldiers and people in the uprising army did not realize this situation. They just resisted blindly and didn't outsmart them. In a word, the uprising was carried out in many areas. Without unified leadership, coupled with the wooing and differentiation of the British side, India finally failed to unify these areas. Moreover, Indian leaders only wanted to restore the former feudal system, regardless of the situation and people's ideas at that time. The leaders of the Indian uprising had ulterior motives and thought about their own interests, which led people to be disappointed with their leaders, and the vigorous national uprising ended in failure.
What is the influence of Indian national uprising?
Indian national uprising is a struggle against imperialism and national independence initiated by Indian nobles.
India's national uprising has a far-reaching impact on India and is of great significance. In this uprising, the upper nobility led the lower soldiers and people to actively resist the British colonists. Although the leadership's lack of correct command thought and backward countermeasures led to the failure of the uprising, the heroic struggle of the Indian people still dealt a great blow to the British colonists, forcing the British management to make some concessions to India, and at the same time making imperialism pay more attention to the Indian colonies. Due to the disadvantages left by the long-term rule of feudal system, the upper class aristocrats in India are weak. The final compromise with Britain did not safeguard the interests of the Indian people, but only the interests of the upper class. The ownership of private plots still belongs to the royal family, and the uprising ended with the leadership disbanding the rebels. So the result of the uprising was that the Indian people were dissatisfied with the ruling class, which led to the deterioration of some class contradictions in China.
The influence of Indian national uprising is also reflected in India. Through this great uprising, the Indian people realized that they had the ability to oppose imperialism, and their patriotism was high, uniting all the people's forces. The consciousness of independence germinated in people's minds, and the seeds of revolutionary thought were also sown, which laid the groundwork for the next larger and more perfect national independence revolution. The influence of Indian national uprising has also spread to the international community, slowing down the pace of colonial countries annexing Asian feudal and semi-feudal countries, giving other Asian countries a breathing space and setting an example for the oppressed countries and people in Asia.
What was the result of the Indian national uprising?
As a result of the Indian national uprising, the insurgents were suppressed by the British army and the uprising ended in failure.
But this uprising has a vital impact on India and even Asia. The uprising lasted six months. Although it failed, it was a new beginning for the Indian people. Although the Indian national uprising did not overthrow the British colonial rule, it also caused the colonists to lose 40 million pounds, and a large number of British officers and men were killed or injured on the battlefield. At the same time, it broke the British invincible myth and shocked the world. This uprising forced the British colonists to change their management policy towards India, and because of this uprising, Britain postponed its invasion plan to other parts of Asia.
The uprising was a turning point in India. The British cancelled the company in India, let the Queen of England directly manage India, and ordered peace and coordination with the local feudal princes. Britain should also respect feudal princes. Britain has strengthened the management of soldiers' nationality, sent more soldiers with British nationality, and improved the local communication equipment and railways in India. This promoted the development of local capitalism in India and provided a solid material foundation for India to completely defeat the British colonists.
Historians say that uprisings can be divided into two categories. The first stage was led by feudal princes and the second stage was led by the bourgeoisie. But its essence is the war launched by Indian leaders to restore the original system. These people only consider their own interests, not the people. Therefore, the victory of the uprising was seized by the ruling class, the purpose of the people's uprising was not achieved, and the life of the people at the bottom was even poorer because of the joint oppression of reactionary forces at home and abroad. India's national uprising is doomed to failure.
A Brief Introduction to the Historical Background of Indian National Uprising
Indian national uprising refers to the patriotic movement launched by the Indian people to resist the British colonists from 1857 to 1859. So what is the historical background of Indian national uprising?
From 1850, the East India Company began to implement westernization management in India. However, in the process of enforcement, it caused contradictions with local aborigines, and this distrust led to the establishment of the mercenary system by the East India Company. By 1857, the number of mercenaries of the East India Company once surpassed that of the British regular army, but the company gave unfair treatment, especially for the expeditionary force to go to Myanmar. According to tradition, going to Myanmar will lose caste and be expelled from the tribe. This caused great dissatisfaction among mercenaries. exist
The historical background of Indian national uprising also includes the rumor of bullet lubricating oil. 1857 said at the beginning that the East India Company used lard or butter as lubricating oil to coat bullets. At that time, when loading bullets, soldiers had to bite shells with their teeth, while Christians were forbidden to touch fat with their mouths, so they refused to use such bullets. The East India Company claimed that this was a rumor and replaced them with new lubricating oil, but the soldiers remained skeptical. At the beginning of the year, an Indian soldier shot and killed several British officers, calling for an uprising, and was later sentenced. Other soldiers were dissatisfied as punishment for the East India Company's attempt to abolish the regiment. In May, an Indian soldier of a cavalry company publicly refused the bullets fired by the colonists. British officers tied them up, forced bullets into their mouths, and then imprisoned them, which eventually led to the outbreak of Indian national uprising.
Brief introduction of the leaders of India's great national uprising
There are many great national uprising leaders in India, among which three are famous, namely Queen Zhang Xi, Tanya Toby and Kun Valsinger.
After the uprising broke out, Queen Zhang led the people to take an active part in the war and fought against the British invaders together with the insurgents in other regions. In the Zhangxi War, she killed the biggest British commander in Zhangxi and drove the British out of Zhangxi. After the British invaders occupied Delhi, they launched another attack on Zhang Xi. Zhang Xi's girls gave full play to her wit and led her people in a heroic struggle with the British army, which caused heavy losses to the British army and temporarily suppressed its arrogance. After several days of fierce fighting, the British army found a loophole in the southwest of Zhangxi and launched a fierce attack on the south. When Queen Zhang Xi found it and tried to remedy it, the reinforcements were ambushed by British troops. Queen Zhang Xi was forced to abandon the city and flee. Finally, in the general attack launched by the British army, Queen Zhang Xi died heroically. The death of Queen Zhang Xi was a great blow to her people, but it also aroused people's confidence in defending the country.
Tanya Kite, another great Indian national uprising leader, led a guerrilla group to carry out large-scale guerrilla activities in the Nabada River area and defeated the British troops passing through this area. This team persisted in guerrilla warfare for more than a year and was finally wiped out by the British. Kun Valsinger was the oldest leader in the great Indian national uprising, when he was over 70 years old. He led the peasants around him to take part in the uprising. Although he is old, he is loved by many local people. His team defeated the enemy many times and cut them off.