But I've heard of Karl Liebknecht.

Karl Liebknecht, also known as Ka Liebknecht (1871-1919).

The leader of the German Social Democratic Party and the Second International Left, one of the founders of the German Production Party, the leader of the German youth movement, a famous proletarian revolutionary, and a famous propagandist and organizer in the international proletarian movement. Liebknecht was born in a revolutionary family in Leipzig, Germany, and his father was William Liebknecht, a famous activist of German and international workers' movements. 1890 After graduating from Nikolai Middle School in Leipzig, Karl Liebknecht went to Leipzig and Berlin University to study law. 1September, 897, obtained the doctor of law degree with excellent results. After passing the national graduation examination with 1899, he became a lawyer.

Karl Liebknecht grew up under the influence of harsh class struggle and revolutionary family. When he was less than one year old in June 1872, his father wilhelm liebknecht was falsely accused of "conspiracy to commit treason" and sentenced to two years' imprisonment. From 65438 to 0878, Bismarck's government implemented extraordinary laws, and party member's social democratic parties fought bravely. This greatly inspired and educated karl liebknecht. Karl Liebknecht's growth was also kindly cared and taught by Marx and Engels. In their letters to William Liebknecht and his wife, Marx and Engels often asked about Karl Liebknecht's growth and gave him encouragement and encouragement. Under the care of revolutionary teachers, the influence of family and the education of class struggle, Karl Liebknecht took part in revolutionary activities when he was studying in middle schools and universities. He publicized Marxism among his classmates, distributed revolutionary leaflets, exposed the internal and external policies of the reactionary government, and attacked Juncker and the bourgeoisie for oppressing the people.

1902, the working people in Berlin elected Karl Liebknecht as a member of the city council. At this time, he has become a left-wing member of the German Social Democratic Party and actively engaged in the socialist movement; But also influential among revolutionary youth. 1904, he appeared in German court as a defender of Russian and German Social Democrats, because German Social Democrats were accused of illegally transporting Russian Social Democrats' books and periodicals. Karl Liebknecht condemned the extremely cruel persecution policy of the Russian czar and Prussian police state against revolutionaries. In the same year, at the German Party Congress, he exposed militarism as the most powerful fortress of capitalism, and on behalf of the wishes of revolutionary youth, called for the establishment of a United social democratic youth organization, which was gradually established. At the party congress in Jena in 1905, he refuted the fallacy that revisionists opposed the general strike, claiming that the general strike of the alliance was "a special means of struggle for the proletariat in all fields of class struggle". He also warmly congratulated 1905 Russian revolution. With the support of the Social Democratic Party,1February 906, the "Home of the German Young Workers Union" was established, and its own organ newspaper, the Young Guards, was founded. At the first plenary session of the German Federation of Young Workers, Karl Liebknecht made a report focusing on the struggle against militarism, mobilizing revolutionary youth to resolutely oppose militarism. 1906, in the seventh issue of Youth Guards, he published the article "Sending Youth into the Army", which sharply exposed the essence of capitalist troops and pointed out that they would be subjected to various hardships and restrictions in the army; The bourgeoisie forcibly recruited them under the banner of "defending the motherland". The so-called "defending the motherland" is the invasion and plunder of China and Africa. He asked the young people in the army to deeply understand the reactionary and decadent nature of militarism. In the same year! At the Congress of the German Party in Mannheim, he exposed the reactionary policy of the German government to help the czar government suppress the revolution, and called on the German proletariat to learn from the example of the Russian proletariat in its own struggle.

1907 the german Federation of young workers initiated the convening of the international socialist youth congress and established the temporary international bureau. Karl liebknecht participated in the work of the International Bureau and actively prepared for the international conference.

Socialist youth congress. 1907 On August 24-26, the first congress of international socialist youth was held in Stuttgart. Karl Liebknecht gave a report on the struggle against militarism at the conference, emphasizing the importance of youth in the struggle against militarism. This report was endorsed and supported by the delegates. In the same year, he published a book "Militarism and Anti-Militarism" on the basis of summarizing years of propaganda, organizing the masses to carry out anti-militarism and opposing imperialism to provoke a world war. Before and after the publication of this book, it was the period when imperialist powers frantically prepared for the world war and carved up and plundered colonies. 1897, German imperialism occupied Jiaozhou Bay, China, forced the Manchu government of China to sign a concession treaty with it, and leased 50 1000 square kilometers of land in the coastal area of Jiaozhou Bay to Germany for 99 years. German imperialism also invaded and expanded southwest Africa and other places. 1882 formed a triangular alliance with Austria, Italy and other countries, and 1893 formed an alliance with France and Russia. These military groups pose a serious threat to international peace. In the book "Militarism and Anti-Militarism", Karl Liebknecht first investigated the historical process of the emergence and development of militarism from the viewpoints of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, analyzed the situation of militarism on the eve of the First World War, exposed the evils of militarism, and exposed the essence of militarism as aggression, plunder and enslavement of people in other countries, and suppressed the proletariat and working people at home. Secondly, this book also discusses the tasks and strategies of proletarian political parties in the struggle against militarism. The Party must educate young people against militarism, strive for them to participate in the proletarian revolution, and keep the army neutral when the revolution breaks out. It is necessary to fully mobilize and organize the masses, carry out anti-militarism struggle in various forms, and combine anti-militarism with anti-capitalist system. Thirdly, some important conclusions are put forward on the theory and strategy of anti-militarism. This is that the proletariat should decide its attitude towards war according to the nature of war. The nature of war can also be changed, and the war waged by capitalists can be transformed into a revolutionary war of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie; The revolutionary struggle of the proletariat against the domestic bourgeoisie will end the war as soon as possible. Finally, this book criticizes the mistakes of opportunism and anarchism against militarism, and emphasizes the necessity and urgency of launching a special struggle against militarism in Germany. Of course, there are some mistakes in this book. For example, if the colony is divided up, the contradiction between imperialism can be eliminated, monopoly can eliminate competition to a certain extent, and so on.

The publication of the book "Militarism and Anti-Militarism" is a powerful exposure and blow to militarism and capitalism, as well as a powerful criticism of opportunism and revisionism. Because of this, it stimulated the spread of democracy on the eve of the Second International and the Russian proletarian revolution (190 1 year-19). Shortly after the book was published, that is,1April 907, the German government authorities ordered the confiscation of the book on the charge of "endangering" the country. Then Karl Liebknecht was tried in Leipzig on the charge of "treason" in June+10, 5438. Karl liebknecht fought bravely with the enemy in court, exposed the enemy and let the judge accept the trial. Finally, the court unjustly sentenced him to one and a half years in prison. Nevertheless, in June 1908, the working people in Berlin elected Karl Liebknecht as a member of the Prussian parliament. Karl liebknecht was released from prison in June 1909.

A few years before the outbreak of World War I, after Karl Liebknecht was released from prison, he devoted himself more actively to this fierce struggle. He often attends meetings of some local party and youth organizations and gives speeches.

1912 Karl liebknecht was elected as a member of the german parliament. 19 13 in April, he exposed the crime of collusion between Krupp, the arms king, and General Lu Haijun by means of buying and bribing with irrefutable facts, forcing the court to hold a trial and sentencing Krupp employees to be "guilty". This is the first victory of Karl Liebknecht's struggle against militarism.

19 14 When World War I broke out, most leaders of the Social Democratic Party of the Second International betrayed their vows and voted for the military budget of their own governments, degenerating into social chauvinists. ; Liebknecht insisted on proletarian internationalism and opposed the imperialist war. 19 14 On August 3rd, when the National Assembly discussed and approved the war budget, Lebknech actively tried to pass a proposal against war appropriations. However, due to the opposition of most members of the parliamentary group and the threat of party discipline, karl liebknecht also voted for this military appropriation proposal on August 4. On February 2 of the same year, when the German Parliament voted for the second time on the military expenditure case, Karl Liebknecht voted against it alone, regardless of the so-called "discipline". Lenin spoke highly of this heroic act. He said: "Of the 65,438+065,438+00 members, only Liebknecht represents socialism, proletarian cause and proletarian revolution." He established "using the reactionary parliament with real revolutionary spirit."

1914 In September, Liebknecht published a letter in a magazine, putting forward the slogan "Don't want domestic peace, want civil war". He became a symbol of the German revolutionary anti-war movement and was persecuted by the ruling class and revisionism. He was expelled from the parliamentary group of the Social Democratic Party by revisionists. 19 15 was recruited by the reactionary government. However, Liebknecht did not give up the struggle. He used the opportunity of attending congressional meetings at the front and rear to carry out propaganda activities. On March 5 of the same year, he attended the left-wing national conference held in Berlin and founded the left-wing publication International. After the meeting, Liebknecht, together with other leftists, published Lenin's "Socialism and War" pamphlet and a leaflet signed by Karl Liebknecht, and put forward the slogan "The main enemy is at home". In the letter 19 15 to the Zimmerwald Conference, Liebknecht called for the adoption of resolutions against war, class reconciliation, striving for socialism and establishing a new international. 19 16 On New Year's Day, an "international faction" meeting was held in Karl Liebknecht's law firm, and the Spartak faction headed by Karl Liebknecht and rosa luxemburg was established, which was later changed to the Spartak Alliance. 1965438+On April 8, 2006, karl liebknecht used the rostrum of the National Assembly for anti-war propaganda. On May 1 of the same year, as an active soldier, he organized and participated in the massive anti-war rally and demonstration held by the Berlin working class in Potsdam Square. In calling for demonstrations, he pointed out to the German people: "Our enemies are not the people of France and Russia, but the German Juncker, German capitalists and the Committee responsible for their affairs-the German government." To this end, the reactionary government sued for treason in July. On the 28th, he was sentenced to two and a half years' imprisonment. After being sentenced, he continued to write articles to expose and attack the crimes of the reactionary government, and was sentenced to four years of hard labor and deprived of civil rights for six years. In prison, he wrote, "Even if I am crushed, I will never bow my head!" ! This poem clearly shows his strong will to die rather than surrender and his spirit of struggling against the storm. 19 18 World War I ended in Germany's final defeat. 10 10/0/2 1 day, Karl Liebknecht was released from prison in advance with the great cheers of the German working class.

19181kloc-0/The German revolution broke out, and Karl Liebknecht actively participated in and led the revolution. He drafted the leaflets of Spartans, announced the establishment of a "Republic of Free Socialism * * *" on the balcony of the palace, and co-founded Red Flag with rosa luxemburg, and put forward the slogan of striving for the establishment of a "unified German Socialist Republic * * *". When the right-wing social Democrats tried to usurp the fruits of the revolution, the second issue of Red Flag, published in June 1 10, exposed the right-wing conspiracy and called on workers to push forward the revolution. On February 29th of the same year, 65438+ Spartak Alliance held a national congress. On the basis of summing up the lessons of revolutionary failure, the German Production Party was established. At the meeting, Karl Liebknecht made a speech on the crisis of the German Independent Social Democratic Party. The Report on the Establishment of the German Productive Party points out the task of the proletarian revolution. Lenin pointed out that the Spartan League, led by world famous leaders such as Karl Liebknecht and rosa luxemburg and loyal defenders of the working class, completely broke off relations with opportunism and established the German * * * Production Party. "In this way, the truly proletarian, truly internationalist and truly revolutionary third international, that is, the * * * production international, has actually been established."

1919 65438+10, karl liebknecht led hundreds of thousands of workers in Berlin to go on strike, opposed the Albert government's usurpation of revolutionary achievements, and revoked the left wing of the Independent Social Democratic Party and Emile Eichhorn, the police chief of Berlin, which subsequently evolved. Karl Liebknecht fought bloody battles with revolutionary workers and insisted on publishing Red Flag. Because the counter-revolution assembled a large number of forces and suppressed the revolutionary masses crazily, Karl Liebknecht and rosa luxemburg moved to their new residence in Wilmsdorf district under the white terror and continued their struggle. The reactionary government offered a reward of100000 marks for their heads. Forward, the central organ controlled by the right wing of the German Social Democratic Party, publicly demanded the execution of the two leaders on June 5438+09 and June 65438+1October 13. 65438+1October 15, because of the traitor's informer, he was arrested in their bomb shelter and brutally tortured by the counter-revolutionary army. When they were escorted from the military headquarters at the western end of Berlin to Mobit prison, they tried to escape and killed him at the Berlin Zoo. On October 25th, 65438/KLOC-0, Karl Liebknecht was buried in Friedrich Cemetery in Berlin. Lenin said that karl liebknecht's name "symbolizes a leader's infinite loyalty to the interests of the proletariat and the socialist revolution, symbolizes a sincere and ruthless struggle against capitalism at all costs, and symbolizes a disharmonious struggle against imperialism not in words but in action".