Moushi Manor in Qixia City, next to Yantai, Shandong Province, was built in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735). After years of continuous construction, it reached its present scale in the 20th year of the Republic of China (1935). It is estimated that the cost of the whole building complex is about 442,000 yuan, and it is now a national key cultural protection unit.
The manor now covers an area of about 200,000 square meters and has more than 480 rooms, which are divided into three groups and six hospitals. This is the largest and most complete feudal landlord manor in China. The picture above shows the main entrance of the manor. As an important cultural tourist attraction, it seems that there are too few tourists visited by the author during the non-epidemic period. ...
As the largest existing landlord manor in China, Moushi Manor occupied more than 60,000 mu of agricultural land and 200,000 mu of forest in its heyday, 153 Zhuangzi, and the annual grain harvest rent was 6.5 million Jin! In addition, there are workshops and industries such as grain, oil and medicine. The reason why it has been preserved completely up to now is that the manor was occupied by the county government during the land reform in 1947 and was not distributed to tenant farmers and poor farmers. This complex and its original features can only protect Xia Long, but the workshop area of grain, oil and medicinal materials belonging to the original manor was destroyed and leveled, and it is now under construction.
China is a big country with thousands of years of farming tradition, and the countryside has always been an important theme of China's novels and film and television creation. How to express the violent turbulence and changes of rural society in the past hundred years is a hot spot in literary and artistic creation in recent years.
Some time ago, when the TV series adapted from the novel White Deer Plain was released, the relevant comments were very lively. Previously, the Wang Quanan version of the movie of the same name was also very lively (note: Yuqi Zhang plays Xiao Bai E). However, this complex story of several generations on the Weihe Plain in Qinchuan, 800 miles, almost turned into a love story of Xiao Bai 'e in the movie. Not many people are satisfied with this adaptation, but there are many criticisms. Compared with Zhang Yimou's film Alive, this film adapted from Yu Hua's novel won the international prize and was affirmed by everyone. There is a huge gap between the two.
Of course, the hero of "Living" (note: played by Ge You in the film, see the above picture) is a small landlord with only more than 200 acres of land. The context of the story and the relationship between the characters are relatively simple, and the movie plot is easier to control. In China, generally speaking, the box office of rural bitter dramas is not good. For example, Xiaogang Feng's film "1942" describes the disaster in Henan, involving tens of millions of victims, and millions of people died tragically! Such a blockbuster movie, its box office seems a little tragic, it is difficult to return to the original. So, why did Wang Quanan make White Deer Plain into a love story of a little white moth, so as not to feel ugly about its "strategy" at the box office?
China, as a traditional agricultural country, is called "famine country" by western scholars because of its frequent disasters in history. Therefore, many scholars specialize in the history of natural disasters in China, because it is an exploration window to study the laws of social and political changes in past dynasties. Many people who have read some history books know that during the four thousand years, natural disasters have been constantly occurring on the land of China, and tragic catastrophe records have flooded the history books! Floods, droughts and locusts, the dramas destroyed by these three disasters, are often described as "the countryside is barren and ten rooms are empty …", and the tragic scenes are creepy!
The reason why Moushi Manor became rich that year was precisely because of the power of catastrophe ... The most important time node of Moushi's prosperity was in Daoguang 16- 17 period. At that time, there was a drought in Shandong. Under the control of Mou, the Moujia family quickly expanded the land area by exchanging grain for land ... In the worst-hit areas, the Moujia family had a record of replacing thousands of acres of farmland with only two sorghum! As a result, the Moujia family broke out rapidly in a few years, but this is a history of farmers' blood and tears!
It took nine generations and about 200 years of operation to get such an industry. However, its management mode is very traditional: except a small amount of self-cultivated land (land cultivated by long-term workers), a large amount of land is released for tenant farmers to cultivate. Earlier, the Mou family distributed the land to tenants, and the land was divided into three grades. The land in the middle is rented to each farmer for about 20 mu, and 27 kg (about a barrel) of grain is paid per mu every year. Therefore, as long as 60 barrels of grain are handed over, farmers can get the remaining grain to maintain their own lives. However, the rent was gradually raised, and finally it was raised to three buckets of grain per mu. In addition, farmers have to endure the deduction of measuring tools and humidity measurement when collecting accounts, which makes it more and more difficult for farmers to make a living. In addition, the tenant has to help the owner for about two months without compensation. ...
Maybe today, some people think that it is not an exaggeration to pay one load of grain or three loads of grain per mu. However, we must know that in the past, without the support of advanced technologies such as chemical fertilizers and improved varieties, the yield per mu was far from so high today. Moreover, people who have been to Qixia, Yantai can feel that the soil fertility in its hilly areas is not fat, and it is not easy to produce grain from cultivated land.
Here, let's talk about the daily business model of the Mou family described in the existing data, mainly employing Mr. Zhang and Mr. Zhang to maintain daily business: there are 4-5 Mr. Zhang under each small manor. In addition to free accommodation, these accounts can get 500 yuan a year, about 100 silver. This is roughly equivalent to the annual income of 6-7 long-term workers in Mou's manor (note: each long-term worker earns about 13- 15 silver except food and accommodation). In this way, tenants, long-term workers, Mr. Zhang and Mr. Zhang are under the jurisdiction of layers to carry out business activities.
Of course, the story of Mou Zhifu is far from being clear to the author in a few hundred words. Here, we can only draw a rough outline ... if you are interested, you may wish to visit it yourself.
This is a courtyard in the manor.
Such exquisite courtyards are distributed in the manor, overlooking the appearance of the manor. ...
The picture shows that this is a model of the manor, and nearly half of the buildings on the right are workshops for grain, oil and medicinal materials in the manor. But this part has been destroyed and is being rebuilt. ...
The picture shows the antique buildings under construction around the manor. It is said that there will be restaurants, hotels, leisure, shopping and other facilities.
The picture shows this is the measuring tool for collecting rent: bucket. As a unit of capacity (note: non-weighing measuring tools), 10 is upgraded to 1 bucket, and 1 bucket is1stone.
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At that time, the manor was very particular about bricklaying, and the gaps between the walls made of natural stone were very close. Such meticulous work is the same requirement in all buildings of the manor. Although most of these buildings in the manor have a history of more than one or two hundred years, they still look quite solid.
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During the Anti-Japanese War, the manor was once the residence of China military organizations such as Jiaodong Military Region Teaching Second Regiment and Kangda Campus ... The political slogan of that year still remained on the beam of this building. It was written on the beam because there was a partition in the middle of the building, which was a two-story house.
This is a new luxury attraction near the manor: Taixu Palace, which looks very expensive. Here, tourists are also very scarce.
This Taixu Palace is said to be the former residence of Qiu Chuji, the founder of Quanzhen Dragon Sect of Taoism in China, a famous Taoist, health preserving scientist and writer. In the history and belief of Taoism, Qiu Chuji is regarded as one of the "seven truths" of Quanzhen Taoism and the founder of Longmen Sect.
Anyone who is familiar with Jin Yong's martial arts novels "The Legend of the Condor Heroes" and "The Legend of the Condor Heroes" knows that Qiu Chuji is described as a heroic Taoist with strong martial arts and a national hero who resists Jin and protects the people. He is Jin Yong's favorite.