Xiao Zhao was a very popular girl in the year of "The Dragon Slayer". She followed Zhang Wuji all the way, but never confessed. When the mystery of her life was finally revealed, she suddenly became the leader of Zoroastrianism in Persia and had to leave Middle-earth for Persia. Many people are also very sad. However, although the following things are not clear, can Xiao Zhao really return to Persia as a leader smoothly? What will be the final outcome of Xiao Zhao?

The three religions, which were introduced into Chinese mainland in the Middle Ages and gradually disappeared, are collectively called "three religions" in academic circles, including Zoroastrianism, Nestorianism and Zoroastrianism. Compared with Zoroastrianism and Nestorianism, many people are more or less impressed with Zoroastrianism. Isn't that Zoroastrianism in Jin Yong's martial arts novel Eternal Dragon Slayer? The protagonist of the novel is Zhang Wuji, the founder of Zoroastrianism, who is indecisive and passive from his career to his feelings. In the story, there are the second generation of saints who later became the leader of Zoroastrianism in Persia and a beautiful Xiao Zhao girl.

one

Jin Yong's works have been repeatedly adapted into film and television dramas, and the plot is unconstrained, which has deviated from the original. Let's review the description of Zoroastrianism by taking the relevant chapters of the novel "Eternal Dragon Slayer" as an example.

In chapter 1 1 in the book, Zhang Sanfeng met Chang Yuchun, and Chang Yuchun claimed to be Zoroastrianism serving Ming Zun. The book says: Zoroastrianism has very strict rules, which have existed since the Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Fang La, the founder of Zoroastrianism, started an uprising in eastern Zhejiang. At that time, the officials and the people called it "the Shinto of Eating Vegetables". Eating food and serving the devil are two major laws of devil religion, which have been circulating for hundreds of years. Since the Song Dynasty, the government has been extremely strict with the magic religion, and people in Wulin have also discriminated against it. Therefore, the devil religion is very secretive. Although I am a vegetarian, I pretend to worship Buddha and Bodhisattva to outsiders and dare not reveal my identity.

I have heard a little about the origin of Zhang Sanfeng's magic religion. I know that the name of the great devil served by the magic religion is Mani, and he is called "Ming Zun" by religious people. This religion was introduced to China in the first year of Tang Xianzong. At that time, it was called Manichaeism, also known as Dayun Guangming religion. Believers call themselves Zoroastrianism, but some people call it Mohism.

Chapter 19 Introduction of Zoroastrianism Dervish: Our Zoroastrianism originated in Persia and spread to Middle Earth in the Tang Dynasty. It was called Zoroastrianism at that time. Emperor Tang built Dayun Guangming Temple everywhere, which is Zoroastrianism temple for me. My teaching principle is to distinguish between good and evil and all beings are equal. If you have gold and silver, you must help the poor, do not eat or drink, and worship Ming Zun. Zun is a Vulcan, that is, a good god. Because corrupt officials oppressed me and taught my brothers to be arrogant and often rebelled. There have been countless times since the leader of Fang La in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Chapter 25 re-discusses the origin of Zoroastrianism in Zoroastrianism: Zoroastrianism originated in Persia, whose real name was Manichaeism, and was introduced to China after the Tang and Wu Dynasties. At that time, Persians came to China with the "Three Classics" of Zoroastrianism for many years, and people began to learn the classics of this religion. On June 29th, the third year of the Tang Dynasty, Dayun Guangming Temple was built in Luoyang, Chang 'an. Since then, Dayun Guangming Temple has been built in important towns such as Taiyuan, Jingzhou, Yangzhou, Hongzhou and Yuezhou. In Huichang for three years, the court ordered the killing of Zoroastrianism, and the power of Zoroastrianism declined greatly. Since then, Zoroastrianism has become a banned secret church and has been destroyed by the government for generations. The religion of Ming Dynasty is for survival, but it can't be hidden. Finally, the word "ink" in Manichaeism was changed to "ink", which was called Mohism by the world.

Chapter 25, Congress

Several characteristics of Zoroastrianism are mentioned in many places in the novel, namely, taking fire as sacred and respecting fire as god; Build a high altar, and a blazing fire burns in front of it. White as snow; Passengers wear white robes embroidered with red flames; All three of them are wearing wide white robes, and each white robe is embroidered with a flame shape at one corner; Let your hand soar like a flame and put it on your chest. Zoroastrianism in Middle-earth came from Persia, but it has been independent for hundreds of years and has never been under the jurisdiction of the Persian General Church. Zoroastrianism's slogan is "Burn my mutilated body, burn the flame. Born in He Huan, why die? For good and evil, only light is reason. "

Jin Yong wrote a lot of Zoroastrianism from 0755 to 79000, mentioning its origin, development and basic teachings; Zoroastrianism is Manichaeism from Persia. Song Fang La is regarded as the leader of Zoroastrianism, and the establishment of the Ming Dynasty is attributed to Zoroastrianism. The characteristics of Zoroastrianism are also very obvious, such as not eating meat, wearing white clothes, worshiping flames and so on. Jin Yong's novels often start dramatic stories with real history as the background, so is the statement about Zoroastrianism in the book correct?

2

Manichaeism was founded by Manichaeism, founded in Babylon, so it is accurate to say that Manichaeism is headquartered in Babylon, not in Persia.

The basic teachings of Manichaeism are two San Ji theories, which refer to two forces: light represents good and darkness represents evil. San Ji is divided into morning, noon and evening, which can be roughly understood as past, present and future; The world depicted by Manichaeism is the different expression of Zoroastrianism and Darwinism in San Ji.

At the beginning, the kingdom of light occupied the east, west, north and south of the world and was ruled by Ming Zun. Dark kingdom occupied the south and was ruled by the dark king. Two neighboring kingdoms keep peace.

The Dark Lord accidentally came to the border between the two countries, coveted the beauty and happiness of the kingdom of light, invaded the kingdom of light, and thus entered the middle of the two struggles.

Ming Zun organized the resistance of the gods in the kingdom of light, calling for three times. Ming Zun first called the mother of life, the mother of life called the first meaning, and the first meaning called Wu Mingzi. First, Wu made his own armor to counter the dark Lord, but he was defeated by the underworld, and Wu was swallowed up by the underworld.

The first intention of waking up is to ask Ming Zun, the mother of life for help. Ming Zun summoned five sons, Mingyou, Daban, Jingfeng and Jingfeng. In the process of pure wind calling the prophet and responding to the prophet, two gods were born, namely six sons of pure wind and six sons of prophet. The wind defeated the underworld, squeezed out unpolluted light molecules from the dark devil who died in the battle to create the sun and the moon, formed stars with polluted light molecules, and created heaven, earth and mountains with the devil's skin, body and bones. This is the origin of Manichaeism.

Ming Zun called for the third time in order to completely defeat the underworld. The process is so imaginative that 10 thousand words are omitted here. Among them, the devil mated, gave birth to Adam and Eve, and became the ancestors of mankind.

Adam, Eve and human beings are all born by demons and controlled by physical desires, but their bodies all contain light molecules as souls. Mani believes that the human body is a small world, a microcosm of light and darkness. In order to save the bright molecules imprisoned by the human body, Ming Zun sent a bright messenger to the world including Jesus. Seeing this, Adam, Eve and Jesus, readers must think that there are two sides of the Taiwan Strait.

Jesus is also an important messenger of Manichaeism.

Generations of Ming envoys descended to save human souls, guided the struggle between spirituality and desire, and constantly repeated the process of spiritual lethargy and submission to the body. Mani is the most important and last messenger sent by Ming Zun. He finally awakened the human spirit and saved the elements of light. Then a fire broke out, and Jesus came for the second time for the final judgment. The immortal and the saved man finally came to the country of light and met Ming Zun. At this time, light and darkness separated again, and then entered the back.

The main doctrine of Manichaeism is to inspire the hidden goodness in people's hearts and save the bright elements imprisoned in human flesh. The rest

Manichaeism was the fusion of various religious doctrines at that time. In the ancient scripture, Mani claimed that noble messengers spread wisdom and kindness to the world again and again. One era was spread to India by an emissary named Buddha, another era was spread to Persia by an emissary named Zoroaster, and another era was spread to the west by an emissary named Jesus. Now, the revelation is coming again. In this last era, the post of prophet falls to me, Mani, I am the messenger of God's truth to Babylon.

After Manichaeism was founded, Manichaeism and its followers began to preach in the Persian Empire, which was once recognized by the Persian royal family and spread to the outside world. But it didn't last long. Manichaeism in Persia was resisted by Zoroastrianism, the state religion at that time, and Manichaeism was finally put into prison and martyred.

Manichaeism was in a desperate situation in its birthplace, and believers accelerated their migration to seek refuge. During the Roman Empire, Manichaeism was once developed, with followers as far away as North Africa, but it was finally regarded as a heresy by Christianity and the authorities and eventually disappeared. Manichaeism moved eastward and northward, which basically delayed the Silk Road, passed through Central Asia and then reached China, but it developed to a certain extent.

three

The fire and the worship of fire mentioned in many places in The Dragon Slayer by Eternal Adversity actually confuse Manichaeism with Zoroastrianism, another ancient religion from Persia.

Zoroastrianism, which developed from Persian mythology and primitive religion, was named after its founder Zoroaster. Its teachings exist in the two worlds of light and darkness, and it is a struggle between good and evil. The highest god in the bright world is Ahura Mazda, which means "king of wisdom".

Zoroastrianism originated from the myth of Indians and Iranians. Ahura Mazda created the world in seven stages, and fire was created in the seventh stage. "The seventh fire was lit, and the light came from infinite god of light, from the hall of Ahura Mazda. He distributed fire to all things. He ordered fire to serve mankind in battle and prepared for it.

Fire is the symbol of the appearance of the most high god, the embodiment of light and justice, and has a lofty position. According to the doctrine, there are two kinds of fire: visible and invisible. What is visible is light, but what is invisible is a kind of vitality, which exists in the earth, water, animals and plants, and people, giving people living psychology and life. There is a whole set of rituals for collecting, purifying and sanctifying fire. The altar of fire is the center of religious sacrifice, and worshippers approach and communicate with God through fire. The worship of the sacred flame has become the most obvious feature of Zoroastrianism.

Zoroastrianism became the state religion of Persia during the reign of cyrus the great. Zoroastrianism declined after King Alexander of Macedonia occupied Persia and Hellenized it. By the Sassanian dynasty, it was re-established as the state religion. Zoroastrianism declined rapidly after the Arabs conquered Persia in the 7th century. Some believers have migrated to the west of India to live and prosper, and have always followed the Zoroastrian tradition. The sacred flame retrieved from Persia is still cared for and protected today, which is the Indian Palcy today.

Zoroastrianism was re-established as the Persian state religion by Sassanian Dynasty and spread widely in Central Asia. Many ethnic groups in Central Asia have accepted this belief, such as the Sogdians and Yue people we know today.

Along the Silk Road, Zoroastrianism was also introduced to China, which was once popular among the people and the government. Zoroastrianism is also called Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrianism in China because of its worship of the flame. The word "only" is next to the word "heaven", which means "God". It means "Hu Tian" instead of "Tian", that is, a foreign god. Zoroastrianism is one of the three major religions mentioned at the beginning. Today's archaeology has unearthed a large number of historical sites with obvious Zoroastrianism characteristics in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties.

four

As we already know, Manichaeism originated in Babylon, and its teachings partly absorbed the contents of Persian Zoroastrianism. Early Manichaeism should have a certain degree of respect for fire, but flame worship is not a feature of Manichaeism, but a feature of Zoroastrianism. Manichaeism is more about the worship of light, the sun and the moon.

Manichaeism boasts itself as the ultimate religion in the world, including all religions. Manichaeism has made it its ambition to preach to the whole world from the beginning. Mani, for example, considers himself as a bright messenger after Zoroaster, Buddha and Jesus, claiming that "my religion is different, it will be welcomed by every country, it will use all languages, and it will spread to the ends of the earth".

Manichaeism is often disguised as Buddhism and Zoroastrianism in Central Asia to reduce the resistance of missionary work. In particular, the Maitreya belief in some areas is used to declare the unity of Mani and Maitreya, and their teachings are wrapped in the cloak of Buddhism in order to gain the recognition and belief of local people.

Manichaeism was introduced into Chinese mainland in the early Tang Dynasty or earlier, and the earliest official record was in the first year of Yan Zai. The Persians visited Huang during the years of "Eternal Dragon Slayer", and Wu Zetian said that she would keep her translated classics.

Maitreya belief was very popular in the era of Wu Zetian. Xue Huaiyi's second book "Calling Monks" misinterpreted the Buddhist classic "Dayun Sutra" and called Wuhou "the next life of Maitreya Buddha", which provided a basis for the theocracy of the Five Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty. Manichaeism was officially affirmed during this period, and most of it followed the old routine of Central Asian missionaries disguised as Buddhism.

In addition, in 693, Bodhi, a Buddhist monk in Tianzhu, translated the Great Cloud Sutra, and the name "Chang" created by Wu Zetian meant the day of the sun and the moon. The elements of sunlight and moonlight remind people of the mutual influence of Manichaeism and Buddhism in Wu Zetian's period.

The version of the suicide note unearthed in Dunhuang was originally a Taoist classic, but it incorporated the content that Laozi was transformed into Mani, which was obviously revised by Mani to cater to the tradition that the Tang royal family took Laozi Li Er as their ancestor and believed in Taoism. This is also the consistent routine of Manichaeism.

In the 20th year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued a decree prohibiting China people from believing in Manichaeism on the grounds of "lying about Buddhism and deceiving Li Yuan". But the Hu people can't help but follow the local customs and keep Manichaeism. Wu Zetian's special pursuit and tolerance of Buddhism led to the emergence of many "pseudo" Buddhists, and the liquidation began in Xuanzong period, and Manichaeism was one of them.

After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the imperial court had to rely on the cavalry of the Uighur khanate to counter the rebellion. At this time, Uighur Wang Ting came into contact with and gradually believed in Manichaeism, which became popular in Uighur and spread to the Central Plains again. Out of the control of Uighur military forces, Tang officials allowed the spread of Manichaeism, and established Dayun Guangming Temple as a missionary base in the then four countries of Jing, Yang, Hong and Yue.

After the decline of the Uighur khanate, Tang's attitude towards Manichaeism began to change, gradually limiting its missionary activities. In the third year of Huichang, after the defeat of Tang Jun, the Uighur forces in China began to be eradicated, and Manichaeism also suffered a devastating blow. Ren Yuan, a Japanese monk marching in China, recorded the killing of Manichaeans in his book Baoyu Sutra.

During the reign of Tang Wuzong, due to political and economic reasons, various foreign religions were attacked, which is called "meeting the law" in Buddhism. Manichaeism also suffered heavy losses in China and almost disappeared.

According to what records, Lao Tzu Hu Jingnian, the master of Manichaeism fled to Fuzhou to continue his missionary work and changed his name to Zoroastrianism. The Origins of Zoroastrianism As Lin Wude speculated, Zoroastrianism was named after Manichaeism to adapt to the changes in China at that time. Manichaeism continues to exist independently as a regional religion similar to China.

Many traces of Zoroastrianism activities can be found in ancient books, modern historical research and field investigation, and their activities are mainly concentrated in Fujian and Zhejiang.

For example, during the Northern Song Zhenzong period, Fujian native Lin Shichang put forward Zoroastrianism classics, which were posthumously sealed. In 2000, the Buddhist scriptures recited by Zoroastrianism were "sunlight" and "moonlight". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Hong mentioned Taizhou people's Tibetan demon book "The Search for Dharma in Datang" in his works, and called on believers nearby to burn incense and offer sacrifices to the gods. Lu You also recorded this scene.

In the 1950s, a Yuan Dynasty tombstone was found in Quanzhou, with the inscription "Benmingjiao, Qinjiao, etc.", which stated that all local religions, including Zoroastrianism, were under the jurisdiction of the Christian Bishop of Quanzhou, indicating that Zoroastrianism was a recognized religion in the Yuan Dynasty and was under the unified management of the government.

The Qin school here, that is, the Daqin school, is Nestorianism in the Sanyi school we started talking about. It is an Nestorius sect split from the Orthodox Church, which flourished in Persia under the name of Assyria in the East, and was formally introduced to China in the Tang Dynasty. Nestorianism is regarded as the first branch of Christianity that entered China, and its teachings are different from those of Christianity that later entered China. Because it has little to do with the theme of this article, I won't discuss it here.

In the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang issued the imperial edict of "Forbidden Prostitution Temple", which prohibited Zoroastrianism and Ambalianism. It also lists Zoroastrianism, White Lotus and so on. It is also stipulated in the "Side Door Left Road" that "the leader of the alliance should twist, the follower should stick a hundred sticks, and the follower should flow three thousand miles"; Especially because Zoroastrianism shares the same surname as Daming, Zoroastrianism was accused of committing the great crime of "seizing the name of the country" and was strictly prohibited, and Zoroastrianism declined from then on.

Cao An in Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian, was once regarded as the only complete Manichaeism relic in China. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty. After Zoroastrianism was banned in the Ming Dynasty, the local people still worshipped Buddhism, and incense continued. A statue of Mani Buddha sitting on a cliff in the temple is the only stone statue of Mani in the world at present, and the image of Mani has also become China's. There is a cliff stone carving in front of Cao An, and Levin "advised people to lead an honest and clean life". The supreme truth, Mani light Buddha ",the original stone was made in the Ming Dynasty and destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.

Fushou Palace in Fuzhou has also been confirmed as a relic of Zoroastrianism by archaeology, and it is a well-preserved Zoroastrianism temple. The couplet in front of the Hall of Ursa Major reads "People's justice is done in the morning, and the world in Yue Bai is brilliant at night", which embodies the ceremony of Manichaeism "worshipping the moon during the day and worshipping at night".

Many folk Zoroastrian cultural relics have also been found in Jinjiang, Xiapu and other places in Fujian, providing more archaeological evidence for the China of Manichaeism. Zoroastrianism, after being officially banned, still survives tenaciously by combining with local Buddhism and Taoism.

five

To sum up, we have a general understanding of the development of Manichaeism in China. Written in 196 1, this description of Zoroastrianism in the book is based on the academic foundation at that time.

Wu Han, a famous historian, published Shu Min at the age of 32. The article points out that the name of the Ming Dynasty comes from Han He, the leader of the rebel army at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and the name of the Ming Dynasty comes from Song Hui Yao, a classic of Zoroastrianism, so the name of the Ming Dynasty actually comes from Zoroastrianism.

Wu Han spent a lot of time quoting classics and listed all the information about Manichaeism or Zoroastrianism activities in the history books at that time, as well as the information about the integration of Manichaeism with other folk sects), thus drawing the view that Zhu Yuanzhang was classified as a Muslim, and many folk leaders such as Fang La were also recognized as Christians in the Ming Dynasty.

The appellation of the Ming Dynasty originated from Zoroastrianism. Once introduced, it caused a great sensation and influenced the academic circles for a long time. The famous Japanese historian Chen also called Fang La the founder of Manichaeism in his masterpiece Two Cases and Three Classics. He equated Manichaeism with Manichaeism and thought that Manichaeism was a more extreme Zoroastrianism.

With the deepening of Manichaeism research, Wu Han's viewpoint has been greatly revised in today's academic circles. Due to the lack of historical data or false records, the mystery or deliberate packaging of religion itself, and the explicit or implicit origin between religions, even in the professional field, it is inevitable to confuse different religious factions. Today, the evolution of various religious factions is relative.

Originated from Mahayana Buddhism, Dalagni is a Sanskrit transliteration, meaning "wisdom", "wisdom" and "literary collection". It means to hear and remember Buddhism correctly. Later, it gradually evolved and became a "mantra." The Book of Changes is a translation of Weinan Collected Works translated by Mr. Bukong, and its title is Notes of Laoxue 'an, which is called Jian Yizhi for short.

Han's slogan "Maitreya was born, Wang Ming was born" should come from teaching. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the main force of the so-called rebel army was not Zoroastrianism, but An Baili. And we have no basis to say that Zhu Yuanzhang and Fang La are Zoroastrians.

As mentioned above, the title of "eating vegetables is magic" began in the Northern Song Dynasty, which literally means eating vegetables is magic. There used to be a saying in academic circles that the homonym of "magic" and "motorcycle" refers to Manichaeism, but now this statement has been denied by most scholars. What's more, Manichaeism's vegetarian diet or not killing animals, from a doctrinal point of view, is to try to avoid hurting bright elements imprisoned by creatures, rather than Buddhism's compassion not killing animals.

Manichaeism has always used other local religions as camouflage; Ghosts are often used in missionary work, claiming that they can exorcise demons, cure diseases and pray for rain. These have also led to the confusion between Manichaeism and other religions in the eyes of the world. This article is not a historical textual research article, so I won't repeat the possible misunderstandings here.

To sum up, the three major religions, Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrianism, gradually sinicized and eventually died out after entering China. Only Buddhism, which is also a foreign religion, has adapted to the environment in China and survived to this day.

As for the lovely Xiao Zhao girl in Daming Law, I really don't know where she came back to the altar. Because Persia was ruled by several small countries separated from the State of ilhan at that time, and it was completely Muslim. Both Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism lost their living space in their native land.

However, the chapter title of Xiao Zhao's return to Persia in the novel, The Dragon Slayer by Eternal Relieving, appropriately reflects the true relationship between Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism, which developed independently in China.