Why is psychology the cornerstone of tumor rehabilitation?
Cancer brings patients not only physical pain, but also psychological trauma and social and spiritual pain, such as fear, anger, depression and so on. In addition, social roles will also change. Many patients can't work, take care of children and do housework because of illness, which will also make patients depressed. Therefore, the impact of cancer on patients is multifaceted. Studies have shown that psychosocial factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. The human brain, endocrine system and immune system are interrelated. Psychology is what we often call brain activity. The brain is the headquarters of the human body. As a commander, it can secrete many hormones and cytokines, which will affect our endocrine system and immune system. Endocrine system is to maintain a stable and orderly environment in our body, such as blood pressure, blood sugar, gastrointestinal digestion, renal excretion and so on. If the endocrine system is affected, the whole body will be in a state of chaos, and diseases will easily find us. When the immune system is affected, people's immunity will decline. The immune system is equivalent to the police in our body. When bacteria and viruses arrive, the immune system is responsible for destroying them. When the immune system is affected and immunity declines, the police can't catch the bad guys, and the bad guys will get sick wildly. Therefore, psychological rehabilitation is very important in tumor rehabilitation.
What mental and psychological troubles may appear after suffering from cancer?
Cancer is a stressful event, which will bring great changes to our lives, so there may be a series of mental and psychological troubles. Common psychological symptoms are anxiety, depression and insomnia. Adverse reactions of cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as family and economic pressures, may cause anxiety, depression and insomnia of patients, leading to an increase in the level of psychological pain. Pain and loss of appetite are important promoting factors of anxiety and depression. The side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness and fatigue, often aggravate patients' anxiety and depression. The main manifestations of anxiety are: fidgeting, restlessness, palpitation, dizziness, excessive worry, difficulty sleeping and so on. The main manifestations of depression are: low mood, decreased interest, no interest in doing anything, feeling tired, unwilling to meet people, inattention, suicidal thoughts, early awakening and so on. The main manifestations of insomnia are: difficulty in falling asleep, frequent awakening, shallow sleep, early awakening and less than 6 hours of sleep. If you have the above mental symptoms, you need to seek the help of a professional doctor as soon as possible.
If you have mental and psychological troubles, how should you treat them?
Drug therapy can help patients control symptoms quickly, but it needs to be carried out under the guidance of a doctor. Commonly used drugs include anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants and other psychotropic drugs, and different drugs are selected according to different symptoms. In addition, psychological and behavioral therapy can help patients to enhance their coping ability and relieve anxiety, depression and insomnia, including psychotherapy, music therapy, meditation and relaxation training, biofeedback therapy and so on.
How to better deal with diseases?
1. Choose proactive coping strategies and avoid evasive coping strategies. Positive coping strategies include:
1 Initiative: Take more care of yourself, make more plans and enjoy every day of your life;
Active expression: take the initiative to talk with others to get information or help other patients;
3 active trust: trust others in emotion, life or treatment, and seek help from others;
4 active cognition: try to understand the disease, find the cause, and think about positive changes;
5 Distraction: Go out to participate in social activities or do something that makes you happy.
2. Find support around you: including yourself, family and friends, colleagues or classmates, and spiritual support.
3. Think in a positive way and look for positive changes in your life brought by illness.
4. Adjust life goals and adapt to new roles and life.
Hearing a saying like "a tumor can live for half a year in a few months", some people collapse when they hear the word cancer, not to mention that sentence. Some patients can't even spend a short "sentence", but many patients have created one miracle after another with the cooperation of doctors. Facing the psychology of cancer patients, I'll give you some advice:
The estimated life expectancy does not refer to the actual life expectancy, but is actually an estimate of the life expectancy of patients with relatively difficult diseases, and should not be used as a "judgment" of patients. The so-called patients with advanced cancer cannot be generalized. Life expectancy does not mean that life will definitely end at that time, so don't give up easily at any time. When you know that the disease may be difficult to cure, you should adjust your work and life in time and hand over the assigned things to your family, colleagues and friends, so that you can easily overcome the disease. Put down the burden, go into battle easily, and actively cooperate with the doctor for treatment. Don't "accept your fate", live in fear all the time, and don't think that "the days are numbered". Do everything yourself and doubt everything. This kind of tension and anxiety will consume a lot of energy and physical strength, which will worry the family.
Many patients and their families are concerned about tumor treatment. In fact, "adequate sleep, reasonable diet, proper exercise and good attitude" are the most important. This is the most basic condition to ensure the treatment of patients and the best thing for patients and their families. No matter what stage the patient is in, if you try your best to do these things well, you may win more chances of survival and even create miracles. In addition, ensuring adequate sleep is a very important aspect of treatment. Regarding a good attitude, patients will say: "I am sick on myself, how can I have a good mood?" They will complain that there is no good fate and no good doctor. If you doubt whether your diagnosis is wrong, you must go all the way to see a famous doctor. You must find the best hospitals and doctors in the world and use the best medicine. In fact, in today's highly developed information, medical technology is no longer the era of exclusive oligopoly. We should establish a good attitude, calm down as soon as possible, and find a hospital that we trust, has professional skills and is convenient for our families to take care of, and receive reasonable treatment.
Cancer treatment starts from the heart, and patients should adjust themselves and cooperate with doctors to fight cancer.
Psychological research has proved that people are often irrational under special circumstances. Many strong-willed and rational people will get into trouble once they know that they have cancer or relapse. No one needs to laugh at anyone, it's human nature. At this time, what is needed is understanding and help to let go. At this time, saving cancer first saves the heart, and psychological support is better than everything!
For all cancer patients, we think the most effective measure is to change cognition. Why do cancer patients have acute psychological crisis? Why are coronary heart disease and lacunar cerebral infarction not as dangerous? Because at this time, he was suddenly in a period of cognitive confusion and found himself thrown to the brink of death. Deep in the subconscious, he appeared this fixed thinking program: I have cancer, and cancer will definitely die; Therefore, I am very dangerous, I will definitely not live long, and I will be very painful before I die. This automatic associative thinking program is wrong. But it is difficult for you to convince him simply, because he is in an irrational state of automatic associative thinking at this time! What can we do? A real case can provide enlightenment: a breast cancer patient, whose mother died after struggling for several years because of advanced systemic metastasis of breast cancer. After graduating from a famous university, she started her own business and achieved initial success. However, she is competitive, impatient, hardworking and unyielding. She is a personality type prone to breast cancer and has a family history, but she doesn't care. Ten years later, she went abroad to develop and soon heard that she really had breast cancer. A few years ago, she returned to China to recuperate with traditional Chinese medicine, and told her the unforgettable process of seeking medical treatment: the doctor who first visited Canada kindly and easily said to her, congratulations, madam. She wants to know? I have cancer. How can you congratulate me? The other person smiled and continued: This cancer you have is the one with the best consequences. Congratulations! In fact, she has the most common invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with lymphatic metastasis. What is the best consequence! In our country, doctors usually say: this kind of cancer is easy to metastasize and relapse, why don't you come and see it earlier! This is a kind of informing skill, which embodies the profound humanistic spirit and is essentially cognitive therapy. First, by changing cognition, she inadvertently cracked her fears and made her feel safe again.
In fact, the understanding of cancer in the international oncology community is deepening, and there are calls for "redefining cancer" from time to time. Recently, Professor Han Qide, a senior pathologist in China, wrote that there are three kinds of cancer: the first one develops very fast and it is difficult to reverse even if it is treated immediately; The second type is slow in progress, with symptoms for a long time and still in the early stage of pathology. Through treatment, the pathological process can be slowed down or interrupted. The third type is stagnant and develops slowly. At the end of the patient's life, there will be no symptoms or death, and some will even disappear automatically. It's just that different cancers have different probabilities of containing a certain type. Therefore, for people with higher knowledge level, it is not always as helpful as you think to let them know the new trend that "cancer needs to be redefined".
Cancer patients (especially in the late stage) have a very obvious lack of security and are extremely unstable. It is easy to cause fluctuations because of a little thing, and the house has been leaking rain. At this time, he often gets negative news. What should we do? At this time, doctors should be good at catching signs, giving timely incentives or letting them reward themselves. This is one of the main ways to rebuild his sense of security. We have discussed the difference between the psychological crisis of cancer patients and the general crisis: the general crisis will be gradually forgotten as the experience goes away, slowly.
Slow down. Unless you are in the same situation again, wake him up. Without contact with the scene, emotional stress will generally not reappear. Cancer is different. The crisis is caused by endogenous factors. Their emotional disorders will be aroused anytime and anywhere, and even many patients will calm down. When they are alone, they will naturally think of "I have cancer" and "I am going to die soon", so the distinction is very slow, and the cause is even lifelong.
Existence. The first case is a typical example. Clinically, we have found many patients who have recovered well. We need to talk to you every three to five times and listen to your evaluation of his lettering status. They don't care if they can prescribe medicine, just for a sense of security or to calm down some mood. I call it the "gas station principle". In fact, the positive psychological rehabilitation of unconscious patients.
Kinetic energy and negative cancer complex are always in confrontation, and the positive ones tend to gradually weaken; Sometimes they are negative, but in the spring breeze, they are tall again. The principle of gas station requires us to pay regular visits. If the patient has this need, we should give him some support, even if it is a smile, a pulse and a handshake. In short, you are very good! Are strong psychological support.
The patient has just learned that he has cancer. At this time, his lack of security is mainly manifested in cognitive impairment, extreme fear and confusion. After four or five months, after the first stage of treatment, he may be fidgety and unstable from time to time; After three to five years, the clinic is basically cured, and I may occasionally think of cancer, and I am often afraid of recurrence and metastasis (it is unfounded to say that three to five years is a high-risk period for recurrence). In addition, after clinical rehabilitation, many patients have obstacles in returning to society.
For these patients, we gradually support them. At first, we mainly change our cognition and give active support. Gradually transition to stable emotions and eliminate negative complex; When he is stable to a certain extent, analyze what he lacks or needs and give him gradual support. Once the condition is stable, it is necessary to change these incisions, eliminate hidden dangers and achieve long-term stability. In addition, with the development of the tumor, it is in a stalemate that is difficult to heal, or it has a recurrence. At this time, it has entered a state of continuous chronic psychological crisis, and the previous one cannot be used. Such as adjusting the expected goal, seriously thinking about the meaning of life, accepting everything given by reality (including the death that is likely to face, including hospice care, etc.). ) are all options and a series. In fact, all patients (including everyone in China) have a problem of re-understanding the meaning of life and changing the fundamental outlook on life.
How to give psychological guidance to cancer patients?
The key to effective psychological counseling is to make visitors understand that those things you are afraid of are really terrible. If visitors want to understand that those things are not terrible, the counseling effect will definitely be quite good. Mental illness is basically once bitten by a snake, twice shy. The result of the negotiation is that he is not afraid of ropes and snakes.
So do cancer patients. Everyone has a desire to survive, especially relatively young people, who will cherish life more. People generally have an understanding of tumors, that is, they think that tumors are basically sentenced to death. If it is this level of knowledge, the effect of psychological counseling will not be good, because in his brain, tumors are terrible.
Whether good results can be achieved depends on understanding the tumor, understanding the pathogenesis of the tumor, taking effective measures to stop the spread of tumor cells, and letting patients see hope, so that consultation can be effective. Many people have doubts that so many rich and powerful people have no good tumors, let alone ordinary people, but the cancer patients we are familiar with, such as Kai-Fu Lee and Ling Zhijun, have not died, but live very healthy. This shows that many diseases are not insoluble, and the key is how to explain and how to deal with them.
Psychological guidance is very important for cancer patients.
Suggestions for its guidance are as follows:
1. The family is the most basic unit of the social system. Guide patients to share their feelings of illness with their families, face the tumor with their families, and accept the fact that they are sick. I believe they can tide over the difficulties with their families.
2. You can interact with patients, encourage each other, record the contents of your usual activities, and share your treatment experience and experience with patients. Build confidence in yourself.
3. We can regard the treatment process as a turning point in our life course, adopt a positive attitude, strengthen the belief that "cancer is not equal to death" and "cancer can be cured", and inject the belief into the desire to realize self-rehabilitation, so as to establish confidence in overcoming the disease.
4. You can improve your ability to solve problems. Prioritize the problems in order of importance, starting with the most important problem until all the problems are solved, so as to enhance self-confidence and sense of accomplishment.
Try a hobby and focus on other things that make you happy.
6. Tell your feelings to doctors and nurses, pour out your feelings and puzzles to them, and they will get your help and guidance.
7. Look at life from another angle, look at yourself and see the disease. On the other hand, from the perspective of family members, it is normal to feel anxious, angry, desperate, depressed and afraid. Effective support from family, relatives, friends, colleagues, and medical staff is conducive to alleviating patients' bad emotions.
Being sick is not a personal crisis, it concerns people around you. Tell your true thoughts to trusted relatives and friends, vent your bad emotions, and keep a positive attitude in the process of tumor treatment.
9. Hospitalized patients should keep a regular life and maintain emotional stability after discharge; Always talk to family and friends and vent bad emotions in time.
On the afternoon of June 29, Jing Xiang, director of the Department of Ultrasound in Tianjin Third Central Hospital, was chopped by the patient who was admitted to the hospital, and the jugular vein ruptured. At present, the blood transfusion is about 8000ml (equivalent to two systemic transfusions), and the blood pressure is temporarily stable. It is reported that the murderer was diagnosed with liver cancer in 2009. After radiofrequency ablation treatment, Director Jing Xiang survived. Suspected cancer recurrence mentality distorted revenge society.
Comparing medical drama at home and medical drama abroad, you will find that when a patient is diagnosed as a tumor, the plot design at home and abroad is completely different:
Psychological nursing is of great help to patients' health recovery. In addition to diet and medication, patients should also pay attention to the grasp of emotions.
No matter when and where, we should keep our mood cheerful and relaxed, and avoid long-term excessive tension and bad stimulation. Strengthening physical exercise and improving immune function and disease resistance are also effective ways to prevent and prevent postoperative recurrence of tumors.
Everyone will inevitably get sick. At this time, we must pay attention to the balance and adjustment of emotions. We must have the determination to win the struggle and establish a strong belief. An upward, positive and optimistic attitude towards life is the attitude and concept that every patient should hold.
Of course, in addition to psychological and emotional attention, you can also take the third generation of ganoderma lucidum spore powder at ordinary times. On the basis of improving immunity, it can also speed up the recovery of patients' bodies and reduce the possibility of illness. Psychological adjustment and spore powder are beneficial to any disease.