If someone asks the laziest emperor who let Li Wan Li Liang Cheng kill Nuerhachi's father and grandfather by mistake, Nuerhachi rises with hatred and unifies the statehood Jurchen. In order to get revenge, Nurhachi personally led 20,000 troops to attack Fushun in Ming Dynasty, and returned to Hetuala with a large number of trophies. Ming Shenzong was furious and sent troops from the south to attack Hetuala, claiming 470,000 troops. In fact, at most, the army attacked Hutu Alanurhachi with 300,000 roads and ate them one by one. After the battle of Salhu, the Ming Dynasty was badly weakened, and the latter Jin advanced step by step. Two years later, Nurhachi led the Eight Banners Army and successively captured Shenyang and Liaoyang, important strongholds in Liaodong. Another main reason is that Chongzhen killed Yuan Chonghuan, saying that Yuan Chonghuan and the enemy conspired to kill Huang Taiji, and then captured two eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty, and then deliberately made them think that they heard whispers between Manchu generals. Emperor Chongzhen was tricked into thinking that Yuan Chonghuan was in rebellion and sent Li Zicheng to Beijing with several generals of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and Wu Sangui entered the customs with Qing soldiers. The Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty was completely wiped out, not only by economic growth. This is a comprehensive problem. If we only look at the economic and social development, in fact, the development of China in the late Qing Dynasty was quite good. For example, after the signing of the treaty of shimonoseki, China's economic growth rate can reach more than ten percentage points every year, and the national fiscal revenue has also increased geometrically. The treaty of shimonoseki stipulates that the compensation period reaches several decades, which is calculated according to the fiscal revenue of the Qing government during the Sino-Japanese War. However, due to the substantial increase of China government's fiscal revenue, it took only a few years for the Qing government to pay the reparations in full. And in the case of scientific and technological progress. In the late Qing Dynasty, the speed of scientific and technological progress in China was much faster than that in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. Many advanced western technologies have been introduced into China, among which German military technology is the most prominent. Moreover, after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the modernization of the Qing army also advanced by leaps and bounds, and a large number of government students and illegitimate students began to export in large numbers, returning to China to work for the government and the army at all levels of the Qing government, with Germany, Britain and Japan as the most. In the army of the Qing Dynasty, the number of returned students, from the children of princes to local troops, far exceeded that of China today. Because foreign students can quickly enter the government system, the ideas, administrative methods, military training methods and equipment of advanced western countries can be quickly popularized throughout China. At that time, the situation in the Qing Dynasty was not as bad as many people think now, especially a few years after the death of Cixi, when Regent Zai Feng was in power, the Qing Dynasty made great achievements in economy and military affairs, and the living standards of ordinary people were much better than that of Cixi, but it still could not stop the demise of the Qing Dynasty. )8c！ JV & GTKV] 9L "z 'i personally summed up the reasons for the demise of the Qing Dynasty as long as there are a few points. O=JtxRlE first of all, the most critical issue is that the central government has lost control of local governments and the military. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the problem of the separatist regime of local warlords in the Qing Dynasty has never been effectively solved. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, obvious factions had formed, and local officials could set up their own military and political departments. However, the Qing government did not have enough control, so it was finally fragmented, and the attack from Eight-Nation Alliance was obvious. Yuan Shikai, who had the most modern and elite army in Shandong at that time, was of no help to Beijing, which was close at hand, while Jiangnan made six provinces self-control, so that the court fought with Eight-Nation Alliance for more than three months, but the loyal troops from all over the Qing army came late and eventually defeated the system. By the time of the Revolution of 1911, local governors were basically under the control of the Qing government, and many local officials sat on the wall watching tigers fight with their own weight. Therefore, after Li Chenggong, more than a dozen provinces began to "defend themselves", and Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army relied on foreign self-respect and finally ended the fate of the Great Qing Dynasty. This is the most critical issue, the reason why the central government lost control of local governments and the military. :1q | c8pz50x The second and most basic problem is to lose people's hearts, change society and not control the direction of public opinion. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were many blunders in domestic and foreign affairs, so that people were distracted. First of all, the deep-rooted folk mentality of "China's de-nationalization" had irreconcilable contradictions with the government's retreat in the field of foreign wars and diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty. And a series of treaties that lost sovereignty made people extremely disappointed with the Qing government. Coupled with the long-standing corruption in China officialdom and the increasingly serious collusion between officials and businessmen in the late Qing Dynasty, people's grievances deepened. ~ II7Q 1 X？ M+p, W Third, the government in the late Qing Dynasty was corrupt in thought and weak in ruling ability. When the west entered the industrial revolution, the late Qing dynasty could only rule with the heirloom of the "ancestors", ignoring the entry of science and technology. However, several political reforms, political reforms and Westernization Movement failed, which made China unable to keep up with the West in the industrialization era, and the gap between production and military technology was also widening. W2-H4N (PMGXE Fourth, the failure of foreign wars and diplomacy. Due to the backwardness of science and technology, military and other fields, and the collision between China's traditional thought and western thought, China completely failed in foreign affairs from beginning of life to war. In particular, the failure of several foreign wars seriously affected the centripetal force of the late Qing government towards the people. }:} _ n] [] SOJ p [Fifth, social thoughts are completely westernized. At that time, the speeches of intellectual elites in society were all westernized, among which Liang Qichao was the most representative and influential. At that time, social elites criticized and accused the Qing court everywhere, but traditional Confucianism was outdated before the new trend of thought. At that time, the so-called elite of the times advocated westernization, which was so radical that it had subverted the traditional civilization of China, so that "Chinese characters are the most representative of cultural backwardness in the world". This comprehensive westernization from the ruling mode to the traditional cultural thought and the denial of the real Qing dynasty further deepened the change of the thinking mode of local officials, who were particularly influenced by the intellectual elite. Moreover, because the Manchu Dynasty belonged to the traditional China people and was not ruled by the Han people, the people's demand for restoring the rule of the Han people began to be obvious in the case of successive failures in foreign affairs, and some anti-government forces used this as a slogan to call on the people to oppose the government in the late Qing Dynasty. LO/, g _ C c & "Gu {7K= To sum up, I personally think that the demise of the Qing Dynasty is indeed a problem in all aspects. The backwardness of the government's ruling thought and mode and its influence on the development of the times are fundamental, and losing control of the state machine is the key to national subjugation. The failure of diplomacy, the recession of science and technology and military affairs, and the overall westernization of ideological trend have all become catalysts. It is only a matter of time before such a country dies. Even without Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, there would be Li Zhongshan, Wang Zhongshan, Heixing and Lvxing. Therefore, we can make the past serve the present and cherish today's China.

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