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What are the three breakthroughs in horizontal bar technology?
From the 1970s to the present, the main features are three breakthroughs in technology.

The representative figure who achieved the first breakthrough was Mitsuo Tsukahara, a famous Japanese athlete. 1972 In the horizontal bar competition of the 20th Olympic Games, he successfully performed a novel somersault (group back somersault 180 degrees, group front somersault 180 degrees), which shook the international sports world at that time and was highly praised. Because the human body moves in the air in the process of completing this action, some of them are like somersaults when entering the moon in weightlessness. At that time, they were called "Moon somersault", "Spin" or "Spin somersault" in China gymnastics, and "Tsuhara somersault" by the International Sports Federation. Therefore, Mitsuo Tsukahara not only won the world champion of the horizontal bar competition, but also became the pioneer of the "compound multi-axis" somersault, making him famous in history. Not long after, Liu Wanfa, an athlete from Hebei, China, quickly learned this movement and successfully applied it to the competition. Then the national training team reformed the technique of "Tsukuhara somersault" and added the technique of "post-rotation", which greatly improved the flying height and somersault speed. The emergence of the technique of "backspin" (turning 360 degrees two weeks after the ball) makes the somersault occupy more space and time, so more difficult movements such as "turning 720 degrees two weeks after the ball" and "turning 360 degrees and 720 degrees two weeks after the straight turn" appear one after another. In the same period, more complex jumping movements such as "Gongol somersault" (Federal Republic of Germany), "Scarecrow somersault" (Czechoslovakia), "Hoffman somersault" (Democratic Germany) and three-week group back somersault (former Soviet Union) appeared in the world, which pushed the horizontal bar technology down to the period of charcoal salary.

The second time was the breakthrough of flying action in the mid-1970s, and the representative figures were East German athlete eger, former Soviet athlete Tkachev and Ma Kai Love. 1974 the former created the front flip of the split leg into a overhang, which is called "eger somersault" internationally, while the latter created the front flip of the split leg and the back flip of the twist 180 degree, which is called "Tkachev Leap" and "Ma Kai Leap" internationally, and then the front flip appeared. Later, Xiong, an athlete from China, put his arm on his back, bent his body and turned it into an outstretched movement, which was successfully applied to the 1977 World University Gymnastics Competition, and the athlete also conquered the difficult technique of 540-degree overhanging. With the passage of time, more thrilling flying actions have appeared in international competitions, such as tumbling back and forth, jumping over the bar for a while, and adding a twist of 150 degrees for a while to become a overhang. Moreover, the direct connection between flight and flight, especially the "three-in-one flight" has become the current trend.

The third time is from the end of 1970s to the present, mainly because of the emergence of new techniques that are not used to practice on the horizontal bar, such as forehand grip, forehand grip, and one-arm loop ball. The representative figure is Zou Limin, a Shandong athlete who has won the national horizontal bar championship for many times. His optional movements include not only forehand grip and forehand grip, but also "one-arm loop ball". For example, cutting-edge technologies such as single-arm large loop rotation 1080 degrees, single-arm large loop rotation 540 degrees after connecting the straight body and so on have appeared one after another. 1984- 1987 Four-year National Gymnastics Competition, * * judging six events, 138 New and difficult moves, including one-arm big loop connected with straight gungo to grab the bar at 540 degrees, the ball turned three times before, and the legs swung forward in the opposite direction to grab the bar. In the new scoring rules of 1989, another difficult new action named after China people appeared. Xiao Ruizhi's forward swing, cheating and reverse somersault grab bar (group D).