Weng Wenhao (1889— 197 1) was born in Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province (now Ningbo). Born in a gentry merchant family, he studied in Belgium in the late Qing Dynasty, specializing in geology and obtaining a doctorate in science. 19 13 returned to China. He was a famous scholar in the Republic of China and the most famous geologist in early China. He has made outstanding contributions to China's geological education, mineral exploration and earthquake research.

He is the first doctor of geology in China, the author of the first lecture on geology in China, the first China scholar in China to write mineral records, the first colorful national geological map in China, the first scholar in China to investigate earthquake disasters and publish earthquake monographs, one of the founders of the first Summary of China Mining, the first geologist to represent China in the international geological conference, and the first Chinese scholar to study Chinese mountains systematically and scientifically. The first scholar to classify China coal according to its chemical composition, the initiator of Yanshan movement and related magmatic activities, the proponent of the theory of metal deposit formation, and the organizational leader in developing the first oil field in China.

He has served as the director of private Jiaozuo Institute of Technology (now China University of Mining and Technology and Henan Polytechnic University). As a famous scholar, he served in the National Government and was in charge of mining resources and its production during his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Weng is a scholar with the highest official position and the most tortuous experience among the "scholars in politics" in the 1930s. As an outstanding geologist, Weng is a typical scholar, but he once achieved the high position of executive dean of the national government. In his later years, he returned overseas and died as a member of CPPCC.

Chinese name: Weng Wenhao.

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Zhejiang

Date of birth: 1889

Date of death: 197 1 year.

Occupation: President of the Executive Yuan of the National Government

Graduate School: University of Leuven, Belgium

Main achievements: author of the first lecture on geology.

Representative of China to the International Geological Congress

Organizer and leader of Yumen Oilfield

Representative works: Brief Introduction of Mineral Resources in China, Brief Introduction of Geographical History of China, etc.

Academic Status: First Academician of Academia Sinica

The life of the character

1902, Weng passed the rural examination at the age of 13. Later, I went to Shanghai to study, studied foreign languages in a school run by the French Catholic Church, and then went to Europe to study, majoring in geology.

19 12, Ph.D. in Geology, University of Leuven, Belgium. Get a doctorate in science. After returning to China, I worked in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of Beiyang Government.

19 13, Weng and Ding Wenjiang and others founded the Beiyang government geological survey institute, which not only engaged in geological research, but also recruited middle school graduates and trained geological talents. This is the first institution in China engaged in geological research and training geological talents. From 65438 to 0922, Weng Wenhao succeeded Ding Wenjiang as the director of the Institute and served as a lecturer and professor at the Institute of Geology. Most of the first generation geologists in China came from his school.

Weng Wenhao is also a professor in Peking University and Tsinghua University. He is the head of the Department of Geology in Tsinghua University, and he is the acting principal in 193 1.

Weng Wen Hao didn't want to go into politics in his early years. He was appointed Minister of Education of the National Government, but he was not accepted. Any government agency is related to academics.

From 65438 to 0932, Mr. Weng Wenhao was recruited by the National Government as the Secretary-General of the National Defense Planning Commission of the Central Military Commission (the predecessor of the Resources Commission), but all members of the Commission were academic celebrities. During this period, he never stopped investigating the resources of China, such as Gansu Petroleum and Mining Bureau, Tianfu, Nantong and other coal mines.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/934, Weng was appointed as the coordinator of Zhongfu Coal Mine in Jiaozuo, and concurrently served as the executive dean of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology, the predecessor of China University of Mining and Technology and Henan Polytechnic University. At that time, there was a lot of concern about the private Jiaozuo Institute of Technology.

From 1935 to 12, Weng was appointed Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan of the National Government.

1934, Weng was in a coma due to a serious car accident while exploring oil. Chiang Kai-shek took care of him, ordered all-out rescue, and later saved the day. Afterwards, Weng may have "saved his life" and officially set foot on his official career.

From 65438 to 0935, Chiang Kai-shek was the Executive Dean of the National Government, and Weng was the Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan of the National Government. From 65438 to 0937, Weng served as Minister of Economy, and was in charge of China's wartime industrial production and economic construction during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.

1945 was elected as a member of the Kuomintang Central Committee and served as the vice president of the Executive Yuan of the National Government. 1947 resigned.

1June, 948, at the invitation of Chiang Kai-shek, Weng was appointed as the first prime minister of the government after the implementation of the Constitution. During his tenure, he presided over the currency reform. In August, he introduced a gold certificate to replace legal tender in an attempt to control prices by administrative means, resulting in financial imbalance. Weng Cabinet delivered a general speech in June 5438 +065438+10. Early next year, Chiang Kai-shek retired, and Weng was appointed Secretary-General of the Presidential Palace in Li Zongren in February. By May, Li Zongren failed to negotiate with the * * * production party, and Weng resigned as secretary-general and went abroad. In the same year, Weng was elected as the first academician of Academia Sinica.

1949 In the spring, Mr. Weng left the Chiang Kai-shek Group, lived in Hong Kong first, and then moved to Paris.

195 1 year, Weng returned to China via Hong Kong at the invitation of Hehe. He was the first former senior Kuomintang official to return to Beijing. Weng was listed as a war criminal by the * * * production party in 1948. At the beginning of his return, he was under pressure because he did not actively approve Chiang Kai-shek.

After 1954, he was appointed as a member of the CPPCC, and then he mainly engaged in translation and academic research. During the cultural revolution, it was specially protected and only suffered a little impact.

He was a member of the Second and Third National Committees of China People's Political Consultative Conference, and a member of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. At the same time, he still focused on the geological cause of the motherland. He has a profound foundation in geology and made outstanding contributions to the elaboration and development of the famous continental drift theory and Yanshan orogeny, laying a foundation for the geological cause and geological science of the motherland.

197 1 year 65438+1October 27th, Weng died in Beijing at the age of 82.

Characteristic proposition

Economic proposition

As an economist, Weng advocates that China must take the road of industrialization if it wants to be prosperous and modernized. Following Sun Yat-sen's instruction, he believed that to develop economy in backward countries, we should avoid inequality between the rich and the poor, implement people's livelihood, develop national capital and control private capital. In particular, he advocated that all national defense and industrial and mining enterprises related to the national economy and people's livelihood should be run by the state. "To make the industrialization of China successful, it must be carried out in a planned way, with heavy industry as the core. The revitalization of China's heavy industry should not rely on the private sector, but must be laid by the government in a state-owned way. " In the future, he is willing to go into politics and take charge of China's industrial construction, which has something to do with this original intention.

Foreign proposition

Weng Wenhao advocates resistance and negotiation, asking us not to shout slogans in vain, but to face reality. He asked the government to do something tangible first. "The form may be shallow and the benefits may be real." On the other hand, it advocates rationality in public opinion, asking everyone to understand the difficulties of the government and not asking the government to do what it can't do. "Now we should ask the whole country to maintain order and not to do off-track actions." This attitude is quite appreciated by Chiang Kai-shek.

Personal work

personal work

His works include: Brief Introduction of Mineral Resources in China, Brief Introduction of Geological History of China, Influence of Geological Structure on the Distribution of Earthquake Areas in China, Textual Research on Chinese Mountains, Population Distribution and Land Use in China, Crustal Movement and Volcanic Activity in Eastern China since Mesozoic, Several Wrong Principles of Geography in China, Textual Research on Earthquakes in Gansu and Earthquakes and Cone Fingers. He is the author of Mineral Records of China, Textual Research on Earthquake in Gansu and Collection of Earthquakes and Vertebral Fingers. Mr. Weng loved books all his life and lived a simple life. After his death, all his books and his life savings were handed over to the country.

representative works

Selected Works of Weng Wen was published by Metallurgical Industry Press in 1989, with Weng's No.1 contribution in China at the back of the book, including eleven items: the first doctor of geology in China; Author of China's first lecture on geology; The first China scholar to write "Mineral Records of China"; Compiler of the first national geological map of China; The first geologist to represent China in the international geological conference.

poetry anthology

Weng Wenhao is the author of Weng Wenhao's Poems.

At the beginning of his return to China, how to do this confession article well was his main and most troublesome job. He didn't expect an article to be so difficult to write, which was a great surprise and "real sorrow" (Li See Xue Tong's Scholars in Politics). The repentance book awaits the official conclusion. In this uneasy day, he wrote several poems that were the same as before. 1952, after many twists and turns, Weng was elected as the second member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He visited various places and became the main work and life content of CPPCC members. During this period, Weng Wenhao visited Shou, and the number of old-style poems was more abundant until he died in 197 1 year 1 month. Old-style poetry writing has become one of Weng Wenhao's life intervention methods to express his feelings and relieve his emotions in his later years.

Fortunately, these old-fashioned poems were later published in public. Poems of Weng was published by Unity Publishing House in June, 1999. According to the preface written by Weng Xinjun, the organizer and son of Weng, Weng returned to China from 195 1 until his death. Even if it does not include those lost during the Cultural Revolution, there are nearly 3,000 poems left by Weng's family.

works

Villa (1965)

Adjacent to the place name Shanxiazhuang, the idyllic fairyland is unparalleled; The farmland by the river is rich in farming, and growing rice and grain is enough to eat people.

If the slope is not steep and unsightly, use water to irrigate and harvest; I still remember my hometown, and moved to Sanghou in an instant.

Shitang (1966)

Shitang Village, a beautiful village in western Silverstream, is surrounded by mountains and waters. Irrigation rice qinglang bridge _ protection, reflecting the window ⅵ color scenery lightly swallowed.

The ancestors of the Deng Ke brothers left their foreheads and old traces of farmers in different households. Beginners are taught by their parents and have to be trained by their parents.

Anecdotes of characters

Disputes between * *

At the end of 1948, the outcome of the struggle between countries is a foregone conclusion. In June 5438+February this year, China published a list of more than 40 war criminals. At this time, although Weng Wenhao was only a nominal political commissar, he was also impressive because he was once the chairman of the National Government. 1949, Weng Wenhao first went to Hong Kong and then to France. 195 1 in March, Weng returned to Beijing after careful planning. The hat of "war criminal" didn't stop Weng from returning from overseas, which proved that the distance between China and Weng was at least not as big as the word "war criminal" advertised.

After Chen Yi entered Shanghai, he mentioned Weng when talking with his friends. He said, "Weng is a scholar and doesn't understand politics. Even if he is at home, we won't embarrass him. " Chen Yi's word "scholar" reached Weng Wenhao's ear through his friend's mouth. Weng Wenhao, who drifted overseas and was unwilling to be a "white flower" from the bottom of his heart, must have felt something, which prompted him to make up his mind to return to China. The scholar mentioned by Chen Yi may represent the views of many powerful people in China on Weng, but Weng's brand is too eye-catching. After all, such external things as "prime minister" and "war criminals" can't be digested quietly, and Weng Wenhao still has to work hard to integrate into an almost completely unfamiliar soil. Waiting for the former Prime Minister of the National Government, the first thing is how to make a statement and break with the past. This process is full of twists and turns. As early as when he was stranded overseas and just wanted to return to China, the Chinese side said that he could come back, but he could only return to China after writing a repentance book and publishing it. Weng was written with a pen, and even the words "Chairman Jiang" and "Executive" were written in the text, which even people who communicated in the middle were afraid to take out.

Fortunately, Zhou Enlai agreed that he could go back to China first and put his confession aside for the time being. However, after Weng entered Beijing, how to recognize the evil past and break with it is still an unavoidable problem. In the face of this problem, Weng's biggest obstacle is to draw a clear line and condemn Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary clique. A gentleman with an honest educational background and nature like Weng Wenhao can't break up with a bad voice, let alone meet his old master with grace. It is easy for him to blame himself, but it is extremely difficult to scold others.

CPPCC member

Weng Wenhao, who was elected as a member of China People's Political Consultative Conference, wrote many poems for this purpose. The "preface" made by the organizer specially reminds readers that "the contents of poetry anthology, especially the experiences and viewpoints during the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, are quite wrong and even ridiculous today, but this does not represent the author's deep-seated true thoughts, but a portrayal of the times under the rule of ultra-left ideological trend." Actually, I think it's too much to ask. Poetry praising the Great Leap Forward is not necessarily a reflection of the author's true mentality. Few patriotic intellectuals like Weng were not infected by the unique passionate atmosphere of that era. Try to read a poem about the demolition of archways in Beijing: "Kyoto is liberated, and the archways are dusty." Seal the bid with great fanfare and block traffic. Since ancient times, success has always been destroyed, and today it is innovation. Chang 'an Avenue was not wide, but today it is even more gratifying. "There are not many intellectuals who are not looking forward to getting rid of the old and the new as soon as possible. This feeling is sincere. Even in the atmosphere of singing and running as a whole, the author is not completely anesthetized. The tone of a poem entitled "Peasant Women Going to the City as Domestic Servants" is so uncoordinated compared with the overall atmosphere. According to the poem, some peasant women who have to go to the city to do housework because of the disaster have "divided 20 mu of land, and floods and droughts are still suffering from thousands of disasters." How come the whole family is full, and they say they will update the whole country. After her father died, the woman sneaked into the city. There is a sharp contrast between "how can the whole family be full and say that the whole country will be happy", and the word "stealing" in "Women Stealing into the City" is also a good example of extracting Chinese characters. For this poem, most people probably think it is a matter of remembering the so-called "three-year natural disaster", but it is not. This poem was actually written in August of 1954, which is probably a small accident for ordinary readers. As for the value of the author's long poem Hui, it goes without saying to those who study the author.

Weng once published Poems of Bajiaoyuan in 1946, but it was not selected. As far as the works selected in this episode are concerned, the author's poetic skills cannot be said to be brilliant, so there is no need to avoid it. The author has no intention of being a poet who praises romantic affairs. The value of old-style poetry collections is often beyond poetry. Here is another obvious example.

family member

Weng Wenhao has four sons. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, all three sons joined the army and went to the front. Weng Xinyuan, the eldest son, was a famous petroleum engineer, but in 1970, he committed suicide in the May 7th Cadre School in Qianjiang, Hubei Province because he was labeled as a current counter-revolutionary. The death of the eldest son dealt a great blow to Weng Wenhao in his later years. He wrote more than ten poems with the theme of "sadness" in succession, including "I stole the life of Bayi today and moved the whole family to cry for your spirit", and another sentence "I know that there is not much time left, so I dare to answer when I am old", which is also a prophecy. January of the following year, this weather-beaten cold season.

The second son Weng, a pilot of the Kuomintang air force, 1944 died. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, other dignitaries sent their children abroad, but Weng Wenhao sent his son to the army as a soldier and was also a pilot. Because when a pilot asked for literacy, Weng Han Xin received a good education, so he met the requirements. Weng Han Xin received training in India and then went to Yunnan to preach. He flies a bomber. When I came back from a mission and saw a Japanese barracks, I attacked until the plane ran out of fuel and finally crashed on a high mountain in Yunnan.

Weng Wenbo, the founder of geophysics in China and an academician of China Academy of Sciences, is his cousin. Weng Xinzhi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, is his nephew. Weng Xinzhi, an American titanium alloy expert, is also his nephew.

Personality assessment

General comment on characters

scientist

Weng Wenhao is the first doctor of geology in China (1912); Author of The First Lecture on Geology of China (1914); Author of China's first mineralogical monograph, Mineralogy of China (1919); It is the first color geological survey map in China (19 19, 8 colors); He is one of the earliest authors who investigated earthquake disasters in China and published monographs (1922, Gansu Earthquake Test, etc.). ); He is also one of the founders of China's first China Mining Summary (19 16, with Ding Wenjiang * * *); At the same time, Weng Wenhao was the first representative of China to attend the International Geological Congress (1922); He was the first China scholar to systematically and scientifically study the mountains in China (1925). Is the first scholar to classify China coal according to its chemical composition (1926); He is the pioneer of Yanshan movement and its related regional metallogenic theory of magmatic rocks and metal deposits. In particular, Weng is also the organizer and leader of developing China's first oil field (Yumen).

As a scientist, Weng's evaluation of Wen Hao has become consistent. What is particularly rare is that his talent in scientific research organization and management has long been evaluated.

politician

He is regarded as a liberal intellectual, but unlike Ding Wenjiang and other friends, he not only has a strong professional concern, but also believes in saving the country through science in his bones. Because of his position, Weng Wenhao declined the call-up of the National Government twice. Such a scholar, who had no interest in being an official and believed in saving the country through science, finally stepped onto the political front desk, even out of control, and held the top position in a government cabinet that was regarded as decadent and incompetent by the world. Although known as an honest and competent official in this government, the entry of a scholar always gives people a feeling of "jumping into a fire pit" in a place where politics is not on track. As an intellectual in modern China, looking back, I will probably realize the meaning of fate. Modern literati and scholars in China are more or less related to politics, so is Weng Wenhao.

Shusheng bense

After Weng returned to China, he left a lot of words in his years of seclusion. In addition to a paper of repentance, a motion that Councillor CPPCC should take out, and manuscripts such as Outline of Human Evolution History and New Research on Ancient History of China. I think these old-style poems are the most worthy of our attention and deep thought. Although this collection of poems is only an anthology, the author's scholarly characteristics and complex mood can still be seen. 195 1 June, 2006, after repenting, he wrote a poem as a postscript, "I have been shameless all my life, only cherishing loyalty and seeking less." In terms of benevolence and righteousness, it is difficult to catch up with Song Rui, but smarter and more trustworthy than Pear Island. Diligence and integrity, bureaucracy and turbidity, Park Su-hsin does not seek profit. Angry and happy to see the changes of the times, the new dynasty can be a floating gull. "The first sentence" I have no shame in my life "seems to be self-forgiveness, but the last couplet clearly reveals the doubts of a former regime official-even if he is only accompanying dining tables, even if he is a scholar at heart-about a completely strange society. By July this year, there is still no official conclusion. " I stayed in Beijing for more than four months and wrote three poems. "Among them, I sang," It is a blessing to be able to return to one's native land, and right and wrong can only be paid calmly. "At this time, the author obviously has the feeling of" recalling the past "(Yu Pingbo's poems), but the tree wants to be quiet and think about it, and the past is always like a ghost. Where do you want to spend a long time leisurely? At the beginning of Weng Wenhao's return to China, he basically lived an isolated and idle state. He once used a seven-law "realm" to summarize his suffering. The first couplet is impressively: "Living in the capital is ashamed of being disabled", and the word "disabled" is too heavy, which makes my life feel infinite.

Celebrity evaluation

1956, when Mao Zedong talked about how to unite "Democrats who sincerely give us advice" in "On Ten Major Relationships", he deliberately pointed the finger at Weng, saying that he was a "patriotic Kuomintang military and political personnel", which was not settled before the coffin was closed.

In Weng Yongni I Know, Ding Wenjiang said admiringly: "I have been with him for 20 years, but I haven't seen him want to eat something good, put on some good clothes, live in a good house, get up at eight o'clock every day, go to bed at twelve o'clock, work all day and never refuse to rest." "He is a man with strong personality and advocates the doctrine of the mean; He is a very observant person and treats people kindly. He is a very honest man and lives a simple life. "

Scholar Xin Ping: He refused to be hired by foreign companies with high salaries and devoted himself to scientific research, so he was knowledgeable. ..... Weng Wenhao is a real duty, doing things and studying all day, and asking nothing else.

Commemorative figures

Weng Wenhao's former residence is located at Dashuyuan Lane 1 1 on the west bank of Yuehu Lake, Haishu District, Ningbo. At present, there are traditional houses with three-entry wood structure, Xiaoyanglou in Sanhe Courtyard and other buildings with a total area of about 2 120 square meters. The Xiaoyanglou, where Weng lives, is a Roman-style western-style brick-concrete building with Roman architectural style, red-gray water mill bricks and exquisite manufacturing technology. As the former residence of celebrities, Weng's former residence is a rare and excellent modern building with distinctive epochal and regional features.

The former residence is an old-style building in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the first two floors and the last two floors. There is a hall in front and a patio in the back, and 19 villagers live there. Needless to say, Weng's former residence is no different from a large family in the countryside. Because of the age, there is no trace of his birth and residence here.