First: What habits should children develop?
(A) cultivate good study habits
1, get ready before class
Full preparation before class is the first prerequisite for a good class. Children who have just entered primary school from kindergarten have more books in their schoolbags, such as Chinese, math, music, morality and life, art, computer, Chinese math test questions, English, exercise books and so on. It's too heavy and tired for them. Therefore, every night, according to the curriculum, teach children to prepare books, sharpened pencils and other school supplies for the next day in advance.
Before class, train them to put the books on the table in the order of class, with the first class at the top. Put the books at the bottom after class. Every day, they bring some books, exercise books and pens in their schoolbags. Clean it up before school and check whether the numbers match after school. Teachers can tell children to put textbooks and other appliances in the upper left corner of the desk between classes, enter the classroom two minutes before class, sit in the seat, rest on the table, and face to the left; Teachers can also tell children to prepare well before class, just like PLA uncles prepare guns and bullets before going to war. It is also an important guarantee for students to complete their learning tasks.
There is a saying that "success is always for those who are prepared." A person's preparation work is as big as a project and a battle, as small as a composition and a class. Let children learn to prepare in advance, form the habit of doing things well, and start training from the preparation work before class.
2. The habit of resting when you hear the bell. Playing is a child's nature. Children will make full use of it ten minutes after class, have fun and have fun. If the bell rings and they are still talking, laughing and dancing, then they will be quiet for a long time in a class, and they will still be immersed in the world of play during class, unable to concentrate, and the effect of class can be imagined. Therefore, it is necessary for the first-grade children with weak self-control to train them to rest when they hear the bell, so that they can take the bell as a conditioned reflex, urge themselves to be quiet and study effectively at once.
3 the habit of listening to lectures in class. When children first entered school, there was not much difference. Later, there was a big gap in learning, which was mainly caused by whether you listened attentively in class. A good student must have a good habit of listening to lectures in class. On the contrary, a student with poor grades can easily wander in the classroom without exception. What is listening? First, when teachers teach students the essential basic knowledge, tricks and methods of lifelong learning or the laws that students must master and the puzzles of most children, students should not only listen, but also remember while listening, because mastering some necessary knowledge and methods is the basis for students to learn independently in the future. Second, students should learn to listen to what they say. For primary school students, they often only care about what they say, but they have no habit of listening to what their peers are saying. Learning needs mutual inspiration, mutual communication and mutual learning. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate students to listen to others' opinions with an open mind, accept what is correct, supplement what is wrong and correct what is wrong. Listening, coping, expressing and learning are the learning abilities that modern curriculum standards require students to master.
So how to cultivate students' listening habits? On the one hand, teachers need to teach students how to listen; On the other hand, they should always remind all students in class and guide them through encouragement and reward, so as not to let a child develop the habit of fidgeting and desertion. Parents also need to ask and persuade students to listen attentively, communicate with teachers frequently, understand children's performance in class, and cooperate with teachers to help children form habits.
4. The habit of speaking in class. Language is the shell of thinking and the tool of human communication. The success of any education must rely on the medium of language, so that children can learn "eloquence". This is the objective requirement of our times. Only the first grade children go to school, and their attention in class is only fifteen minutes. If children get into the habit of talking and thinking, they can concentrate, share their learning experiences and gains with their classmates, enjoy the fun of learning, and succeed in learning more easily. Cultivating children from thinking clearly to speaking clearly is a leap in the development of human understanding. Being good at speaking and daring to speak can be called "good at expressing" and truly "eloquent". Children with certain language skills can cope with it in future economic and social life.
5. The habit of concentrating on things. It is worth noting that children should not be allowed to do other things while studying. Some children always do their homework while watching TV and listening to music. In this way, their study is not focused enough and their attention is easily diverted. Some children don't pay enough attention. Parents can cultivate the habit of listening with their eyes by putting their hands on their shoulders and talking to each other's eyes in a quiet place, no matter what the topic is, once a day. As long as the eyes are connected, the child has to listen attentively. As long as you persist every day, you can cultivate obedient children. In addition, parents should be careful not to call some children when they are having the most fun, because this is the time when they are most focused. Children take game activities as the main learning form in kindergarten, and will be replaced by formal subject courses in primary school. They used to study in games. In the process of learning, games have become 40 minutes of classroom teaching and homework that must be completed every day. Parents can consciously train their children to sit quietly. The initial time can be 20 minutes, and then it can be gradually extended. Don't be too hasty You can arrange some small "homework", such as letting him read a picture book.
6. Correct reading and writing posture. Freshmen in senior one are often five or six years old, and their hand muscles begin to develop, and their fine motor skills are poor. It is difficult for primary school students to write with a pen. The process of children learning to write is the process of hand muscle development. Therefore, it is very important to develop correct reading and writing posture, which is very important to prevent children's myopia and physical development. When writing, the first-grade children write heavily and bury their heads very low. Teachers often remind us to do "always", "two levels" (sit up straight, head straight, shoulders flat, legs straight) and "three ones" (eyes one foot away from the book, chest one punch away from the table, pencil one inch. ), teachers should adhere to strict training and develop good reading and writing posture.
7. Cultivate children's habit of previewing before class. There is an old saying in China: "Everything is established in advance, and it is abolished if it is not foreseen." This sentence emphasizes that no matter what you do, you should make full preparations in advance. Students' study of course knowledge and preview before class are not only psychological preparation, but also preparation of specific content. Preview is the key to promote children's active learning and improve the quality of classroom teaching. It is also an important means to stimulate children's curiosity and interest in learning and cultivate students' autonomous learning ability.
For the first-grade children, my Chinese preview requirements are: draw a picture, read the text aloud, and outline the words and sentences that I don't know or understand. Second, ask your parents about words or phrases they don't know, and learn and write them down by yourself. Third, analyze the text and talk about the main content of the text. It is best to use pictures to express the meaning of words. Answer 4. Try to answer homework questions after class. Fifth, ask questions that you still don't understand after previewing. "If you have doubts, you will enter"; Curious will be interested. Children go to class with problems and focus on problems that preview can't solve. In class, they can have a positive, relaxed psychological state and full of self-confidence, which is the psychological advantage needed for successful study. Take the initiative to learn, go forward, be in a good mood and be full of confidence, and your grades will be good. Good grades, more active learning, stronger interest in learning and better grades will form a virtuous circle chain. Therefore, it is particularly important to cultivate the habit of previewing before class. At the same time, it is also the most effective way to cultivate self-study habits and improve self-study ability.
8. Cultivate children's habit of reviewing after class. Ushinski, a Russian educator, once compared the inability to grasp knowledge firmly to a drunk coachman who forgot to tie up what he put in the car and never looked back. He just walked on without knowing what he had lost. As a result, he can only return empty-handed. The story of China's "blind bear breaking corn" is well known to all women and children. Every time the blind bear breaks off a corn, he puts it under his arm and throws away the old corn. After such a busy time, there is only one corn. We can use this story to tell children to review in time and learn new things by reviewing the old ones. But this is not enough, and students need to be told how to review to get twice the result with half the effort. For example, the first-grade Chinese teaching requires students to know 400 new words. Children feel that reviewing is too simple, just look at it over and over again, and remember it over and over again. The result is "I know everything when I look at the card, but I forget everything when I close it." Therefore, only scientific review can have good results. Parents' guidance is also needed. If you want to review well after class, you need to do two things: one is to try to remember, the other is to read books carefully, and trying to remember is to "watch movies" and display what the teacher said in class on the screen of your brain. Specifically, it is to test yourself after class: How many words did the teacher mainly say today? What new words can you write? Don't you know those new words? Second, study hard. Reviewing reading is carried out on the basis of previewing, attending lectures and recalling, and there will be new gains and experiences. When reading a book, you can compare it from time to time to see how it is written in the book and how the teacher teaches it, so as to deepen your understanding of knowledge. For the part that has been memorized and understood in the lecture, you can spend less time; You should let your children know what you don't understand, ask what you don't understand, and make up the knowledge you didn't learn well in time. Different learning contents should pay attention to reviewing one sentence alternately, so as to facilitate the exchange of knowledge, review the old and learn the new, and thus firmly grasp the knowledge.
9. Cultivate children's habit of finishing homework seriously and efficiently. Homework is the sublimation of classroom teaching. Homework can check children's learning effect, consolidate what they have learned in class and deepen their understanding of textbook knowledge. Ask the children to do "what can they do today" and finish all the homework of the day independently according to the teacher's requirements. Doing so can not only consolidate what you learned that day, but also prevent you from forming the bad habit of procrastination. However, how to cultivate students' habit of finishing their homework carefully? I think the first thing is to cultivate students' habit of writing carefully. For example, when writing new words, I ask students to do "three things": eyes, heart and hands. When the eyes see it, the eyes should see the word structure clearly; When the heart is here, the font should be kept in mind; Wherever you reach, your handwriting is correct and beautiful; Secondly, we should cultivate children to develop the good habit of playing after finishing homework within the specified time. Some first-grade children like to dawdle when doing their homework, play while doing it or play before doing their homework. As a result, they have developed the habit of slow pace or rote memorization, and their learning efficiency is low, which greatly affects their academic performance. For such a child, parents should give him a fixed time to do his homework every day, consciously set an alarm clock for him, remind him to do his homework quickly and intently, cultivate a sense of efficiency, or guide him to finish his homework quickly through rewards. After the homework is completed, ask the children to check carefully and correct the mistakes in time. Parents prepare a notebook for the notebook every day. Notepad is specially used by students to remember the homework of the day or the items to bring the next day. ) check the operation and sign it; Thirdly, cultivate the habit of children to finish their homework independently. Children in grade one are often very dependent on ideas. Whenever they encounter some problems, they hope their teachers or parents will help them. At this time, parents or teachers should not give everything, but encourage them to use their brains and find their own solutions. If they try hard and can't solve it, they should ask for help.
10, like reading, the habit of loving books. Extracurricular reading plays an important role in enriching students' spiritual world, broadening their horizons, acquiring rich knowledge and cultivating and improving their reading and writing abilities. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate children's good reading habits. Children in senior one don't read much, so they have some difficulties in reading. However, in order to make them read more and faster, it is just necessary to overcome difficulties and read actively. It's best for parents to spare 15 to 20 minutes to accompany their children to read books every day, and read stories aloud to their children or tell stories with them. It can improve children's literacy and reading ability, broaden children's horizons, exercise children's oral expression ability, and achieve the goal of killing two birds with one stone. When choosing extracurricular reading materials for children, we must pay attention to choosing books that children are interested in and suitable for reading, such as ancient poems, nursery rhymes, fairy tales, pinyin reading materials, comic books, picture books and so on. Interest is the best teacher. Driven by interest, children will read attentively, enjoy it and gain something from reading. When reading, children should prompt reading methods, put forward reading requirements, check the reading effect, and cultivate children's reading desire and habit of reading carefully. In addition, it is also important to educate students to take good care of books and not to scribble, fold, tear or put them in disorder.
1 1. Get into the habit of speaking and writing every day. Spend some time chatting with children to learn about their school life, their thoughts, their confusion and so on. Through communication, consciously guide them to speak more about their ideas. For example, after school, children always say to their parents, "Mom, today is at school ..." Even if it is only a few simple words, parents can prepare a diary to encourage him to write it down. Slowly, parents can ask him, "Why?" "What do you think?" "What did the teacher say?" Wait, let him expand gradually and lengthen the article. Children in grade one like to write with the words they have learned. Parents should praise him, encourage him and carefully preserve (the prototype of the diary). Over time, students' oral and writing skills will be improved imperceptibly.
12, thinking habits. The most important thing to learn is to learn to think. Without thinking, there is no development of students' thinking. Without thinking, there will be no active learning. Teachers and parents should give students time to ask questions every day, and encourage children to ask more why, instead of imitating and accepting blindly. After all, problems are the source of creation; Teachers and parents should cultivate children's habit of thinking hard and being brave in solving learning difficulties. When children encounter difficulties in learning and don't want to think, we should not solve problems for them, but encourage them to use their brains with firm eyes and overcome difficulties with enthusiastic language. When tutoring children, we can't just give guidance on one topic and one article. More importantly, it is necessary to educate children to learn to use their brains, help them overcome difficulties and obstacles, and establish firm confidence.
13. Train children to do things in a planned and organized way. Planning can reduce the blindness and randomness of children's learning, enhance their sense of responsibility, and make children regard learning as a need. Let students learn to make daily plans, weekly plans, monthly plans and annual plans from an early age, which is conducive to helping students learn to plan actions and plan their lives. In addition, giving children school-age jobs can not only relax parents, but also achieve the purpose of education. In the process of helping children, they can cultivate curiosity and spontaneity. If they are not allowed to help, they will be deprived of important learning opportunities. Remind parents to be tolerant and patient. Don't complain to your face even if your child can't do it well. Parents can do it again secretly in the future. Don't be angry if the child makes a mess. For the sake of education, he must be made to do housework. In addition, helping to do housework helps to cultivate children's learning ability. When asking children to help, we should teach them, for example, don't stack greasy dishes together, and don't hold tableware bigger than your hands in the air when cleaning tableware, so as not to slip and break it. It should be put on the table, rubbing it. This is not only to teach him knowledge and skills, but also to teach him the order of doing things and cultivate his judgment and insight. Once parents and children decide to cook together, they should first make a plan and list the materials they need, then go shopping, prepare utensils and spices, and let the children talk about the order of conditioning. Children who often help with housework naturally remember the tricks. Reading, doing problems and writing should be planned and orderly, so most of the children who help with housework are children with excellent grades and strong autonomy.
(B) reasonable arrangements for work and rest time
After children enter school, their lifestyles and activities will change greatly. When the children are about to enter school, parents should rearrange the work and rest system for their children to adapt to primary school life. When adjusting the work and rest system, we should consider the following questions: how to ensure that we can go to school on time; How to make children improve their learning efficiency, so that they have both time to study and time for entertainment. In view of the above problems, when implementing the work and rest system, we should focus on the following two links:
(1) Reasonable regulation and strict implementation of sleep time. Lack of sleep and sharp increase in learning burden are common contradictions among first-grade pupils. No matter children who are promoted from kindergarten to primary school, or children who are transferred from home to primary school, they are used to taking a nap. After entering primary school, the nap is basically cancelled (except in summer). However, the mental workload of primary school students is much greater than that of preschool children. If we don't take protective measures to adjust the tension of higher nervous activities, it will definitely reduce the learning efficiency and get twice the result with half the effort. Sleep is a protective measure. Children can get rid of fatigue after sleeping. Cortical cells began to get excited again. Keep vigorous energy. Only in this way can we better engage in the next day's learning activities. Generally speaking, primary school students need at least 10 hours of sleep. In order to eliminate the fatigue after a day of intense study activities. Only when children go to sleep on time (8: 30 ~ 9: 00) at night can they get up on time (6: 30 ~ 7: 00) in the morning. Adequate sleep can make children clear-headed and energetic in class and concentrate on receiving knowledge in class. This can shorten the time for doing homework after class and use the rest time for reading extracurricular books or entertainment activities.
(2) Children must be restricted from watching TV and playing video games. Children who watch TV for a long time speak fluently and harmoniously. But there are also many problems. Many surveys point out that watching too much TV will bring negative effects. It is reported that the shorter you watch TV, the better your enthusiasm for asking questions. Because the programs that primary school students listen to are mostly entertainment programs, they don't need to think seriously and use their imagination like reading. Just sitting there all the time, looking at the ever-changing picture, just for fun. Over time, they developed a passive character. Children who have been staring at TV really lack concentration and will become unstable children. Such children lack the tendency to be tempted and are not good at thinking, so their grades are not good. "TV children" always seem to have no vitality, so some scholars advocate that children before 12 should not watch TV. In principle, don't eat and chat while watching TV. Limit the time every day and stipulate that you can play only after you finish your homework. You must also pay attention to the content of the program. Parents and children should fully exchange views on the content of the program.
Second, behavior habits.
1, develop polite habits. Since ancient times, the people of China have been known for their kindness and courtesy. Politeness is a bridge of mutual friendship and respect in interpersonal communication, which reflects people's moral quality. As the saying goes, "You can judge a person by his actions, but you can judge him by his words".
Therefore, the cultivation of politeness habits of primary school students should start from grade one. To let the first-grade pupils know that they want to be respected by others, they must first learn to respect others and be polite to them. You should take the initiative to say hello when you meet your elders and teachers, and also take the initiative to say hello when you meet your classmates. When you meet the disabled, the elderly, etc. On the bus, you should take the initiative to give up your seat and learn to say polite words such as "please, thank you, sorry". Moreover, in order to consolidate the polite habits formed by students, I often carry out some activities in class, such as asking students to say one or a few polite words to their families when they get home, such as "Ask mom to check my homework for me". Something like that In this way, first-grade pupils can understand and initially develop polite habits from bits and pieces.
2. Develop the habit of loving hygiene. Love of hygiene is an important embodiment of the civilization of a person, a family, a city and a country. Therefore, it is not only a slogan, but also a concrete fact that must be seen in action to cultivate the habit of loving hygiene for first-grade primary school students. Let the first-grade children start from the simplest, do not litter, put the waste paper used in class in plastic bags and pour it into the trash can after class. You can prepare a cloth and a roll of toilet paper for your child and put it in two plastic bags. A rag is used to wash dishes, and toilet paper is used to clean tables and chairs. It is in the process of cleaning tables and chairs and washing dishes that they realize that it is not easy to create a clean and hygienic environment. To maintain this environment and cherish the fruits of our labor, we must love hygiene and form a good habit of loving hygiene.
3. Get into the habit of working hard. Modern people's living standards are improving day by day, and today's children live quite comfortably, and they simply don't know what "hard work" is and what "saving" is.
At school, our teacher will guide students to actively participate in collective labor, which is embodied in daily cleaning, such as sweeping the floor, cleaning the blackboard, cleaning windows, cleaning tables and chairs, etc. At home, our parents should let their children do as much housework as possible, such as sweeping the floor, cleaning tables and chairs, choosing vegetables, washing vegetables and so on. In this way, from both the school and the family, we can cultivate the diligent habits of the first-grade primary school students and promote their development as soon as possible.
4. The habit of hands-on practice. Edison's mother often asked him to do experiments, so he became a great inventor. Our parents should also strive to create conditions for children to have more practical opportunities. For example, doing housework, making small productions or disassembling some parts can effectively guide students to develop the habit of doing things.