Basic overview
Dapingshan Tunnel is the key project of Quanzhou's "eastward advancement". The total length of the tunnel is about 1 km, and the length of the connecting line on the east side of the tunnel is about 6 km. The road grade is the first-class main road in the city, and it takes only 10 minute to reach Wan 'an in Luojiang from Quanzhou City, which greatly shortens the distance between Luojiang District and Quanzhou City and makes Luojiang District truly integrate into Quanzhou City.
Tunnel condition
The project is a two-way four-lane intersection of Fengze Street and Pingshan Road, and passes under Pingshan Road. Sidewalks, motor vehicle lanes and left and right turning lanes are set up on the upper grade crossing of the interchange, which are controlled by traffic lights. The total length of tunnel frame is 64m, and the length of tunnel lead is 536m. At the same time, drainage, sewage discharge, water supply pipelines, power pipelines, street lamps, greening and other supporting facilities will be built.
pedestrian tunnel
The total length of the non-motor vehicle and pedestrian tunnel project in Dapingshan is1.528m, of which the total length of the non-motor vehicle and pedestrian tunnel is1.356m, which is the longest urban pedestrian tunnel in our province. The tunnel is 7.7 meters wide and 4.8 meters clear. On one side is a sidewalk more than 2 meters wide, and on the other side is a bicycle lane 4.5 meters wide. Pedestrians and non-motor vehicles walk separately and do not interfere with each other. Roads are divided into non-motor vehicles and sidewalks, and the main projects are subgrade and pavement engineering, tunnel engineering and installation of electrical safety facilities.
monitoring system
Dapingshan Tunnel is located in Quanzhou, with a total length of1.080m.. The tunnel is equipped with lighting system, fire fighting system, ventilation system and tunnel monitoring system. The lighting system includes the lighting lamp, distribution box, power supply cable and lighting control cabinet in the tunnel management room. The fire fighting system includes fire hydrants, fire hoses, pressure water storage tanks in the management room, automatic water supply devices for fire pumps and motors, and reservoirs at the top of the mountain. The ventilation system includes *** 16 sets of 32 fans, power supply and control cables, low-voltage starting cabinets and control cabinets for fans in two one-way tunnels, which are closely related to the tunnel monitoring system.
The traffic monitoring system of Dapingshan Tunnel can be divided into central computer system, traffic control system, ventilation system, lighting control system, fire alarm system and closed-circuit television system according to relatively independent functions. The equipment composition and functions of each system are introduced one by one below.
design specification
The design specifications of Dapingshan Tunnel are: the depth and width of the tunnel are 10.5m, and the clear height is 5m. Each tunnel is provided with two lanes, the width of the carriageway is 3.75× 2m, the width of the kerb is 0.5× 2m, the two-way maintenance lane is 1× 2m, and the speed limit is 50km/h. The road grade adopts the first-class standard of urban main roads, connecting the central part.
Central computer system
The central computer system includes a data centralized controller (CRI), a communication computer, a map screen control host, a graphics controller, a variable information board controller, a server and a printer. KRI is responsible for collecting all the collected data, working status and alarm information of the roadside station of the traffic monitoring system, and then transmitting the data to the communication computer for message decomposition, reading the respective data, working status and alarm information of the field devices and sending them to the graphic controller, which is responsible for transmitting the information to the map screen controller and the server respectively through clicking, network card and multi-serial card, so that the data of the map screen can be refreshed in time and historical data can enter the server. The emergency telephone information is sent from the emergency telephone control host to the map screen controller and the graphic controller through the multi-serial card, and the three working states of telephone call, failure and hang-up are displayed on the map screen. On the graphic control machine, the operator can control all kinds of equipment according to his own authority when the local system at the lower end is in the automatic state, including turning on the fan, selecting the flow mode, switching the image screen of the main monitor and so on.
traffic control system
Traffic control system, mainly based on the data of vehicle detection coil, C0 detector and fire alarm, automatically executes different traffic control programs, or manually issues selected traffic control programs according to the needs of users. Each tunnel is buried with five groups of coils, and the collected traffic data can be analyzed by the preset traffic mathematical model and the limit value of traffic control algorithm on the local controller. Automatically prompt abnormal situations and congested road sections, and can automatically prompt treatment plans or manually issue control orders. The control scheme automatically proposed by the system can be implemented after being modified or confirmed by the personnel on duty; When the CO concentration is too high and a fire occurs, it can automatically or remind the operator to manually cancel the traffic control program. The controlled objects include issuing tunnel traffic patterns through traffic lights and lane lights, issuing traffic slogans on the variable information board in front of the tunnel, inducing traffic on the expressway and paying attention to the traffic situation in the tunnel ahead.
Lighting control system
Lighting control system, including illuminance detector, Tc controller and lighting power control. The control principle of the lighting control system is that the central computer and TC collect the data detected by the illuminance detector and automatically turn on/off different illuminance levels. The lighting system of Dapingshan Tunnel is controlled at three levels: day, dusk and night. Night lighting is directly controlled by the power supply system. The tunnel automatic control system only automatically controls two levels of lighting: daytime and dusk. By comparing the actual illuminance detected by the illuminance detector outside the tunnel with the illuminance threshold set according to the empirical value, it determines which level of illumination to turn on, so that the driver will not feel uncomfortable when passing through the tunnel because of the sudden change of illuminance inside and outside the tunnel, thus bringing traffic safety hazards. The function of the illuminance detector in the cave is mainly to detect the illuminance in the cave and judge the integrity of the lighting lamps according to the opening of the lighting level. When the illuminance does not meet the requirements of the turned-on lighting level, the system will automatically pop up an alarm window on the central graphics computer to remind the lighting lamps to be damaged or polluted, and the personnel on duty can notify relevant personnel to check. At the same time, managers can manually turn on or off daytime and dusk lighting as needed.
fire alarm system
Fire alarm system, including BMZ (fire alarm central controller), temperature sensing copper tube and ADW (fire alarm device). The system divides Dapingshan Tunnel into 8 fire zones and 30 ADW. In case of fire, BMZ gets the signal from the temperature-sensing copper tube through the ADW of this section, and then the central computer or Tc gets the signal from BMZ, and automatically starts to execute the fire procedures, including traffic procedures (tunnel closure) and ventilation procedures. At the same time, the CCTV system automatically switches the camera image of the fire site to the main monitor of the central control room, and the video recorder starts recording. After the operator confirms the fire accident through the monitoring screen, he will promptly notify the fire department, the network management department, the traffic police department and the maintenance department to deal with the fire accident, and release the tunnel fire information on the variable information board to remind the driver to make a detour.
ventilation system
Ventilation system, including fan control, C0 sensor, traffic state detection, fire alarm control and TC control. The working principle of the ventilation system is that the central computer and TC collect the data of CO detector, traffic state detection and fire alarm, so as to automatically turn on and off fans in different positions and grades. The central computer and TC continuously collect and analyze the data from the tunnel. When the data reaches the alarm level, the system turns on the fan according to the alarm level. The classification of alarm levels is mainly based on c0 concentration, and the number of starting fans is mainly based on whether the detected C0 concentration reaches the preset thresholds at all levels. According to the growth trend of traffic flow, the thresholds at all levels and the interval of fan start-up can be set freely in the central computer. When a fire breaks out in a fire zone (1-4) defined in a single tunnel, fans not belonging to the fire zone will be turned off, and fans belonging to the fire zone will be turned off. At the same time, it is considered that the smoke generated by the fire will enter another tunnel through the tunnel, which will have an impact on vehicles driving at high speed (both tunnels are required to be closed when a fire breaks out in the tunnel). Therefore, the ventilation program will start the fans in this tunnel and start two sets of fans at the entrance of the adjacent tunnel at the same time. In addition, managers can manually turn on the selected fans in the central computer, the PLC control cabinet in the tunnel management room and the TC in the tunnel according to the needs of use, and control the fans to rotate forward and backward.
Closed circuit television system
Closed-circuit television system, including in-hole and out-of-hole cameras, optical terminals, matrix controllers, control keyboards and monitors. The camera inside the cave continuously monitors the surrounding environment, and the camera outside the cave can freely monitor the surrounding environment through the pan/tilt and zoom. All images are directly transmitted to the matrix controller of the control center through the optical transceiver and single-mode optical fiber, and distributed to the monitor. By controlling the keyboard, the screen can be switched to the main monitor on the console, so that the monitor can see the tunnel environment more clearly. In case of fire, the CCTV system will automatically switch to the camera belonging to the fire area, and the video recorder will start recording. Problems and countermeasures of tunnel monitoring system management and traffic safety contradiction between system function and road traffic safety management regulations.
Traffic mode
There are 30 traffic modes in Pingshan Tunnel Monitoring System. Before the promulgation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, Quanzhou Expressway Traffic Police Brigade stipulated in Article 25 of the Highway Traffic Management Measures formulated by the Ministry of Public Security that overtaking is prohibited in tunnels. The implied understanding is that only 13 traffic control mode is allowed, that is, both tunnels use the main lane. The mode of no overtaking lane (Quanxia Expressway has only two lanes and four lanes) means that most of the time, all vehicles can only drive in the main lane, but it is forbidden to drive in the overtaking lane, which causes the pavement damage of the main lane to be much more serious than that of the overtaking lane, and even the main lane has obviously subsided, and the overtaking lane is as intact as when it was opened to traffic, which intuitively protects the traffic safety order, but at the expense of the pavement quality in the tunnel.
safety measure
Dapingshan Tunnel is located in the urban-rural fringe, with complex personnel distribution and severe public security situation. Since the mechanical and electrical facilities of the tunnel were put into use, the theft of mechanical and electrical facilities has been very serious, especially the copper price has been rising. The high profit of cable theft has led to the frequent theft of tunnel power supply cables, which on the one hand caused huge direct economic losses to the owners, on the other hand caused serious safety hazards to the driving safety in the tunnel, and directly threatened the life safety of drivers and passengers. The most obvious example is that when the brightness outside the tunnel is very good, the tunnel lighting can't supply power because the cable is stolen, and the inside of the tunnel is dark. At this time, it is far from enough for drivers and passengers to rely on the brightness of car lights when entering the tunnel. If they are not careful, traffic accidents such as rear-end collision and rollover will easily occur. Dapingshan Tunnel has learned a lesson and many tunnel traffic accidents have occurred.
Although the tunnel manager reported every time the cable was stolen, the public security organ did not solve the case. Therefore, as tunnel managers, how to take some self-help measures to protect electromechanical facilities, especially cables, ensure the power supply of traffic monitoring and lighting facilities in the tunnel and the normal safe driving environment, and provide high-quality traffic services for drivers and passengers is an important topic that we urgently need to study.
At present, in order to protect the cable from theft, on the one hand, the cable route is encapsulated with cement, and at the same time, the cable anti-theft protection products are developed and tried in conjunction with relevant scientific research units and manufacturers. At present, there are two main modes of cable anti-theft alarm equipment. One is to use the carrier technology of electric power and the technology of receiving and sending signals to send out acousto-optic alarm when the signal is interrupted many times, but the disadvantage is that it is easy to produce false alarm; The other is to test the load and current of the line, measure the current when the power supply in the distribution room is normal and the online load when the power is cut off. The advantages of this kind of alarm are that it is not easy to give false alarm and the alarm reliability is high. However, its disadvantage is that it is impossible to give an alarm when the main cable is damaged. If it is applied to cable protection in the hole, the effect is good, but the effect of protecting branch cables in the hole is not good. Therefore, as far as cable protection is concerned, in addition to the accident of comprehensive power monitoring scheme, manufacturers should develop a highly reliable cable anti-theft device as soon as possible and apply it to the tunnel cable protection market, which should have a huge market space.
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