Viet Nam is adjacent to Guangxi, Tang's hometown, and is a vassal state of China. France has long coveted Vietnam; After the Second Opium War, southern Vietnam gradually became its colony. Not satisfied with this, the French occupied Hanoi again in April 1882, with the goal of opening up the land passage to China. After France occupied northern Vietnam, the Qing government was fully aware of the danger, but it was unwilling to send the Qing army to directly exchange fire with the French army before the war burned to the mainland. The ruling Empress Dowager Cixi and her ministers racked their brains and couldn't come up with a good idea.
Tang, who always cared about Sang Zi and was familiar with the situation in his hometown, lost no time in giving advice to Cixi.
After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, an anti-Qing rebel army with a black flag in Guangxi entered Vietnam to escape the encirclement and suppression of the Qing army. Its leader is Liu Yongfu of Bobai nationality. The Black Flag Army is a powerful fighting force. At that time, he helped the authorities to crack down on local bandits, maintain social order and live in harmony with the Vietnamese government and people. Their life has been so-so, but after all, they are Qing people, and it is impossible to stay away from home for a long time. I want to go back to my hometown in Guangxi, but I'm really embarrassed because I'm afraid that China will investigate the crackdown. Tang believed that the imperial court should let bygones be bygones, fund and recruit the Black Flag Army to fight against the French army, which could not only avoid the direct war between China and France, but also attack the arrogance of the French army and maintain the initiative and flexibility of the Qing court's decision-making. Empress Dowager Cixi appreciated this suggestion, but in view of the deep festival between the Qing court and the Black Flag Army, it was really difficult to find a suitable communicator. When Tang was in a dilemma, he stepped forward and volunteered to go to Vietnam to appeal to Liu Yongfu. Empress Dowager Cixi was overjoyed, so she adopted Tang's suggestion and asked Guangxu to send him to see Cen, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/883, during the Vietnam-France War, Tang Fengcen's orders made him arrive in Vietnam alone to ensure victory, and he advised Liu Yongfu to attach himself to the Anti-French Law and make suggestions for Liu Yongfu. And personally participated in the command of two battles in Hanoi and Shanxi. The Black Flag Army won the "paper bridge victory" and killed Colonel Levi, commander of the French Northern Fleet. Tang awarded four titles for meritorious service.
1884 The Sino-French War broke out, and the Tang Dynasty quickly coordinated, the Yunnan Army, the Black Flag Army, and the Anti-French and Vietnamese Army. The Qing government awarded Liu Yongfu the title of "registered prefect" and Hualing, and allocated 22,000 yuan to the "Black Flag Army" for reimbursement and ordnance. The cooperation between Liu Yongfu and Don played an important role in the war against France. More importantly, Tang Songjing was sent by Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and invited Feng Zicai, the nemesis of the French army and a retired veteran, to lead the troops into battle. He won a great victory in Zhennanguan and recovered lang son, Changqing and other places, and the eastern front battlefield won a great victory. Tang was ordered by Zhang Zhidong to raise four battalions of Yong army. He led the army to take charge of himself, and joined the Black Flag Army and Yunnan Army in the siege of Xuanguang French Army. Together with Cen Yu Ying, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, he organized and directed the battle of Xuanguang. On the western front, we also achieved great victories in Lintao and Xuanguang. The news that the French army suffered from "Waterloo" in Asia spread to Paris, and the belligerent French Ruferri cabinet collapsed immediately.
Later, in the form of diary literature, Tang collected his deeds in Vietnam 1883 to 1886 in August and 10 in June, and compiled the Diary of Volunteers. After the Sino-French War, Tang became a deputy provincial governor cadre with the achievements of "appreciating flowers and feathers, giving Chunbatulu a title, rising to second class, and removing Fujian-Taiwan Road". When Tang first arrived in Taiwan Province, most of the local culture was still based on the aborigines. Tang established academies, advocated imperial examinations and advocated railway construction. In order to develop production, he visited the people, learned to farm and plant mulberry, and educated local ethnic minorities in Tainan. He didn't work in Taiwan Province Province for a long time, and he did a lot of things to benefit the people. According to records, Tang "was quite good at literature, and hired Jinshi Shijie to give lectures at Haidong Academy, built a ten thousand-volume museum, and had a rich collection of books. He compiled local chronicles and supervised himself, but he was defeated by the battle of cutting Taiwan." When he was a soldier, he repaired the old flying pavilion, set up a "flying pavilion printing society" and wrote couplets to hang pavilions. In the spring and autumn, I fought tigers with scholars and scholars in Tainan, and then I published Mystery Picking, which was attached to the volume of Selected Poems of Feiting. " Cheng Huaiyuan's Chorus Collection is a poem sung by Tang and his current friends on weekdays. He was appointed as the deployment envoy in Taipei and invited celebrities to recite scriptures in government offices. During the poetry meeting, dozens of pots of peony were shipped from the sea, hence the name' Peony Poetry Club', which was also used as a poetry clock. Guangxu 19 (1893) 1 year, he edited and sorted the songs of the past years, recorded ten volumes of excellent works, and named them "abnormal poems", among which the Tang works were 130 1 couplet, and the metrical poems were 68. Tang popularized the local style of writing in Tainan and Taipei, and promoted the spread of poetry.
In the seventeenth year of Guangxu (189 1), Tang was promoted to the position of minister of state, that is, the deputy governor in charge of finance and civil affairs. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894)1October 3 1 day, he acted as the governor of Taiwan Province province and officially became the governor with all administrative, military and supervisory powers.
When don took office. This year (1894), the Sino-Japanese War broke out on July 25th, and it has been more than two months. The following year (1895), the Qing army was defeated. /kloc-in April of 0/7, the Qing government signed a traitorous treaty "treaty of shimonoseki" with Japan, ceding Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands to Japan.
The treason of the Qing government aroused the indignation of all the people in Taiwan Province Province. Tang is firmly opposed to cutting the platform. He called the Qing court seven times, saying that "Taiwan Province Province belongs to Japan, and the people are in poverty". "Mulberry land, justice and survival, is willing to defend to the death with the ministers. If the battle is not successful, I will wait until the ministers die. " However, the Qing government, determined to betray Taiwan Province Province, was indifferent, and called back to reprimand Tang, saying, "Although Taiwan Province Province is heavy, it is lighter than the capital. If the enemy directly attacks Dagu, the capital will be in danger. Taiwan Province Province, on the other hand, can't hold on to it ... Don't forget all kinds of injuries in front of Chen because of indignation. 1may, 895 18, the Qing government sent Li, the son of Li Hongzhang, as a special envoy to Taiwan Province province for delivery. And ordered "Tang, the special envoy of the governor of Taiwan Province Province, to come to Beijing for an appointment. Its Taiwan province, large and small civil and military personnel, and ordered to cross it one after another. " On the one hand, the traitorous Cixi ordered officials from Taiwan Province Province to cross the border and withdraw to the mainland, forbidding the mainland to help the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians in Taiwan Province Province. Tang refused to obey orders, and the angry people of Taiwan Province Province elected Tang as the leader, who, together with Liu Yongfu, led the whole island's soldiers and civilians to fight against the Japanese invaders.
Tang has redeployed the defense of Taiwan Province Province. He led his troops into Taibei, commanded Taiwan Province's military and political power, and divided his troops to guard Haikou Pass. However, blood can't stop Japanese warships and cannons. Although the Taiwan Province Rebels fought bravely and killed more than 30,000 people before and after, the strength of the enemy and the enemy was very different and they were isolated. Tang gave up his promise at the critical moment and boarded a German ship carrying huge sums of money and fled to the mainland. Compared with applying for a diary, it is simply not the same. Heroes and cowards are just a matter of thought. Liu Yongfu was later forced to cross the border and return to Fujian. 1On June 7, 895, the Japanese army captured Taipei. The whole island of Taiwan Province Province fell into enemy hands, and the fifty-year colonial era began. I. Overview
Guangxi, abbreviated as Guangxi and Guangxi Opera, is one of the most representative operas in Guangxi.
When it comes to Guangxi opera, we can't help mentioning Tang. It can be said that he is the pioneer of Guangxi opera. He combined the local opera in northern Guangxi with the Pihuang opera in China, personally wrote and arranged the script, and personally set up a troupe to perform on stage, thus creating a world of Guangxi opera. After several ups and downs, Guangxi opera has been passed down to this day, and Tang's contribution can not be ignored.
Second, the background
After Taiwan Province Province was captured by the Japanese army, Don fled back to the mainland. Without Taiwan Province Province in the Qing Dynasty, Tang naturally lost the position of "governor". Being investigated for resisting the decree, he was exempted from public office and returned to his hometown in Jiangkou Village, Guanyang County. Frustrated with the fate of the country, Tang invited a troupe to spend time behind closed doors to listen to the opera.
Guanyang and Hunan border. The local operas there are similar to the Qi operas in southern Hunan, and they have already exchanged ideas. Don Matsui was familiar with these plays since he was a child, and he often listened to Peking Opera when he was an official in Beijing. Then, following the model of watching Peking Opera in Beijing, he built a stage and a theater shed, recruited artists and musicians from Hunan and his hometown, and set up a troupe called "Guilin Spring Class". Personally guide the integration of northern Guangxi local opera and Pi Huangqiang department, set the music board and compose music; In order to make the hometown people like it, they specially changed the singing of Hunan and other dialects into Guilin dialect. Tang personally edited and revised the script, and made new attempts in performance, singing and makeup. I also played and sang in black and pink. He called his new drama "Guangxi Opera", which combined the characteristics of North and South operas. This is how Guangxi Opera was born! Tang wrote 40 "Guanqiting Zaju" for Guilin Spring Class, which became the first unique repertoire of Guangxi Opera. "Guilin Spring Class" is the first opera class in Guangxi. The lineup of Guilin Spring Festival Gala is neat, with many famous actors such as Xu, Zhou, Bao and so on. Xiao Sheng Cai Ming and Zhou Mingpu; Dan Jiao Yihua, Lin Xiufu, etc. Also recruited 30 female apprentices, and Guilin Guiju has an actress since then.
Later, Tang built Wumeitang Villa on the bank of Ronghu Lake in Guilin, and moved into Wumeitang Villa with Guilin Chunban, becoming a resident.
Third, the stage of dancing beauty hall
Wumeitang Stage is a regular performance of Guilin Spring Class, written by Tang. Tang invited more than three friends to watch plays and play chess all day, thinking it was a spiritual sustenance and trying to forget the troubles caused by national humiliation and failure. Like-minded people like Cen Chunxuan and Kang Youwei often go to the theatre. On one occasion, after reading "Dai Yu Buries Flowers", Kang Youwei also wrote a poem with an inscription to express his deep sympathy for Tang: "There are many springs in the melody, and people travel to and from heaven, even the golden wheel opens the world, and there is no pure land and no relatives. Black wind drinks the sea and dreams, and tea poems are more sacred. Those who know flowers are tears, and they can't bear it. "
There is a "chess-listening pavilion" in Wumeitang Mountain Villa, and there is a self-written couplet engraved on the pavilion: "Even if you are idle outside the house, you will be surprised and robbed whenever you are worried; How many wonderful hands are there in chess, how can people go first? " There is also a stage next to the chess hall. There is also a self-written couplet by Tang on the stage: "The lights sing in front of you until the end; Behind the lakes and mountains, the occasional retrogression is also cool. " These two couplets seem to write real scenes on the surface, but in fact they reveal Tang's complex mentality of lamenting the past.
Tang Songjing and his brothers, Tang Jingchong and Tang Jingying, successively entered imperial academy and ordered the Imperial Academy, which is unique in Guangxi. When the Japanese attacked Taiwan Province Province, he fought against Japan with the people of Taiwan Province Province, and then returned to Guilin to settle down.
Wumeitang Villa was built on the south bank of Ronghu Lake, hence the name Wu Mei Road on the south bank of Ronghu Lake. Wumeitang Mountain Villa has a chess room with a stage next to it. Tang organized the Guilin Spring Class Troupe. He also personally wrote, revised and reformed Guangxi Opera, made new attempts in performance, singing and makeup, and trained a group of actors in Guangxi Opera, which was the first person to reform Guangxi Opera.
(The bronze statue of Tang Dynasty depicts Tang holding a drama book in his right hand and a drum stick in his left hand, concentrating on practicing Guangxi Opera. On the stage of Wumeitang, there is a couplet written by Tang himself: "Lights sing in front of you until the end; Behind the lakes and mountains, the occasional retrogression is also cool. " On the surface, he wrote a real scene, but in fact he showed his feelings that he still did not forget current events. )
In the foggy and rainy late spring in northern Guangxi, peaches and plums are in full bloom and willows are sprouting. In order to explore the origin of soup and Guangxi opera, I rushed from Guilin to Guanyang in the rain to investigate. According to historical records, Tang's real name is Wei Qing, who was born in Jiangkou Village, Xinjie Township, Guanyang, and has the same surname as Xin Youke, a native of Xianfeng. During the Tongzhi period, he and his younger brothers Jing Chong and Feng Jing were admitted to imperial academy successively. Therefore, Guanyang is known as "eight scholars in one county, three Hanlin compatriots".
Our car stopped at the edge of Jiangkou Village, and a group of people walked into Jiangkou Village under the leadership of the director of the County Cultural Relics Institute. The village is located on the edge of Guanjiang River, and a small river gurgles out of the mountain and flows into Guanjiang River. There are many strange stones along the river with uneven shapes. A stone arch bridge on the river, like a rainbow across the river bank, has a charm. There is a "Tang ancestral hall" in the village, which was built by Tang after he became an official and sent money back to his hometown. It used to be a place where ethnic minorities lived, but now it is used as a cultural relic to move residents out and repair them. Tang's life is full of ups and downs, which is legendary. After entering imperial academy, Jishi Shu, he went to the official department as a junior official equivalent to a middle-level cadre. I have been doing nothing for nearly 20 years, calling the court every day and returning to my official position to chat idly. In his spare time, he went to the bustling place of flowers and willows in eight hutongs, played music in the play, drank alcohol and went whoring, and was charming.
Fourth, talents.
Over time, the aura of a talented person in Guangxi with no background is almost exhausted in officialdom and romantic field. Suddenly, the situation changed. Foreign powers invaded China, and French colonists occupied Viet Nam, threatening Guangxi. The ruling and opposition parties shook, and the Qing government panicked. Tang keenly seized this opportunity, wrote to the court and volunteered to fight. At that time, Tang had a crush on Li Pingxiang, a famous prostitute in Huizhou. They fell in love, but the opportunity came. A man's ambition to make achievements overshadowed his love for children. Don Matsui was impassioned and wrote poems:
Wolf star hanging flame from the west, and see the fire to the pheasant king.
Can have the strength to level the enemy, no god crossbow out of Anyang.
The lobbyists make the rule more pretentious if they demand more from Qin's policies.
Xuan is a tearful song in the Tang Dynasty, and the news of Xiangguan is almost yellow.
Life needs a stage. Without a stage, even if you are ambitious, you can't exert your talents and reflect the value of life. And the stage is based on human competition. Tang stepped onto the special stage of the Sino-French War and staged a drama about the rise and fall of the country. He entered Vietnam in the ninth year of Guangxu, and lobbied Liu Yongfu, the leader of the Black Flag Army, to join the anti-French camp with his fellow countrymen's affection and his golden tongue, and he succeeded in one fell swoop. Later, Tang Songjing assisted Liu Yongfu in a decisive battle on the paper bridge and killed Colonel Li Wenli, commander of the French Beikou Fleet. Later, he joined hands with Cen Yu Ying, Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, and achieved great success in Lintao and Xuanguang. At the end of the Sino-French War, Tang Ligong made an imperial censor in Taiwan Province Province. Later, he was promoted to the position of Minister of State and became the highest chief executive of the Qing Dynasty in Taiwan Province Province. 1894- 1895 In the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Qing army was defeated and forced to sign the treaty of shimonoseki, which cut Taiwan's Penghu to Japan. The people of Taiwan Province Province were furious and elected Tang as the leader, who, together with Liu Yongfu, led the whole island's soldiers and civilians to fight against the Japanese invaders. However, blood can't stop the Japanese warships and cannons, and the Qing army is losing ground. Tang didn't want to put his life into the final bloody battle at the critical moment, but chose to board a German ship in disguise and flee back to Xiamen. It's time for a vigorous play to end.
After the social and political drama is over, we have to go back to our hometown to sing Pihuang opera. After crossing the sea, Tang returned to the mainland and was dismissed without guilt. When he returned to Guanyang, he was 54 years old. Like many China literati, he devoted himself to the social stage with the lofty ambition of "cultivating self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world", eager to make achievements and do a vigorous career. However, the situation is turbulent and things change. Don fell down in a competition and choked on the water. When he came back, he was completely humiliated. From Confucianism's entry into the WTO to Taoism's birth, Tang seems to understand everything. In fact, he knows nothing except three glasses of light wine.
When Tang returned to his hometown, he couldn't bear to be lonely. He imitated the form of Peking Opera in the north and wrote his own drama scripts. He recruited artists and musicians from Hunan and Guangxi, set qu cards and music, sang in Guilin dialect, and openly played the signboard of "Guangxi Opera". Guangxi opera, thus formally produced! Tang, who had considerable savings, paid for it himself, set up a stage and shed, and founded the "Guilin Spring Class". As soon as the gongs and drums rang, the ugly prince at the other end of the net came on stage, shook his sleeves and lit up his figure. A loud voice stopped the clouds. It's really "a small world of drama, a big stage of life". Before the big stage of society was finished, it became a shallow singing of Guangxi Opera. ...
Verb (short for verb) culture
We came to Yue Ling Village, a big village where Tangmen lived in Guanyang, with buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, blue bricks and tiles, and deep courtyards. After Tang was demoted, he once lived here to create and rehearse plays, and the large-scale ancient stage of "Schouw Temple" has survived many vicissitudes. Guangxi Opera, from here to Guilin, Liuzhou, Nanning, and the jade bracelet in Beijing, the scenery is amazing. This ancient stage can also be regarded as the place where dreams begin. Later, Tang took the troupe to live in Wumeitang in Guilin. In his later years, he compiled and published the Volunteer Diary to record his life's dramas, and also collected and printed the scripts of Guangxi Opera, called Kanqiting Zaju, which included the scripts of Guangxi Opera such as Abnormal Poetry and Mystery. On the title page of the book, Tang himself wrote a couplet: even if he is idle outside the house, every time he is worried, he will be robbed; How wonderful the chess pieces are, why not give up first! This is clearly the helplessness of a frustrated scholar in officialdom.
Anyway, life goes on, and we can't do everything. Can only sing yellow skin, addicted to drama. Unexpectedly, the drama of life is ever-changing, and "there is another village." However, Tang Sanqu survived because of people's entertainment needs and continues to this day. And those who are more prosperous than his contemporaries in career and wealth, who still remembers them now?
Perhaps this is the power of culture. In Tang Songjing, Liu Yongfu led the soldiers and civilians of Taiwan Province Province to resist the Japanese occupation of Taiwan Province Province, and echoed with our compatriots in Taiwan Province Province at a distance. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao launched 1300 people from various provinces who were in Beijing to "get on the bus and write". They wrote a petition of18,000 words overnight, writing to Emperor Guangxu, opposing the cession of land by contract, and demanding that the Qing government move the capital to fight again in order to reform and reform. Chen Tong: "Millions of creatures are wailing in the north. All the women and children in Langxiang want to eat Japanese meat, and all of them have a grudge against heaven. Who is willing to surrender to the enemy! " They urged the Qing government to resist the enemy to the end. An unprecedented patriotic movement against aggression and rebellion shook the land of China.
The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the failure of treaty of shimonoseki greatly hurt the self-esteem of China people. The Shame of Shimonoseki greatly stimulated the intellectuals in China. Tang, who has experienced the humiliation of ceding land, hopes to be reformed and strong. Kang Youwei went to Guilin, Guangxi twice to publicize the political reform and reform, and hit it off with Tang, and soon became friends. Every time Kang Youwei comes, Tang Dou is particularly enthusiastic. He gave generously and called for reform and political reform everywhere. Tang Matsui, together with Kang Youwei, Cen Chunxuan and other Guilin reformist leaders, founded "Shengshe" and "Ren Guang Newspaper", and founded the Ren Guang School to publicize the reformist thought, which was a precedent. The reform thought is deeply rooted in Guilin, which has had a great influence on Guangxi's political circles, academic circles and academic thoughts, and Guangxi has become an important stronghold of the reformists.
During the Reform Movement of 1898, people of insight in Guangxi also paid attention to cultivating talents and actively organized "new learning". Tang Matsui is the dean of both Guishan Academy and Ronghu Academy.
In the 24th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1898), Huang Huaisen, governor of Guangxi, founded Guangxi Sports School in Guilin, and hired Tang to run the school (as principal). This is a new school that practices the slogan of the Westernization School, "Take middle school as the body and learn from the west for use". It changed the traditional academy-style teaching, increased the course of western learning, and was the beginning of new learning in Guangxi. Later, Guangxi University was developed from "Guangxi Sports School". Tang is also the chief Chinese teacher in the sports school. He likes to use the experienced Sino-French and Sino-Japanese wars as examples to stimulate students' patriotic enthusiasm. Many students who have been taught are determined to work hard to revitalize the country. Among them, Deng Hema and others are the most famous. Together with Sun Yat-sen, they founded the League and held important positions, which contributed to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty by the Revolution of 1911.
In the winter of the 28th year of Guangxu (1903), Tang died of illness in Guilin at the age of 63. Tang's works include Begging for a Diary, Yun Ting Shi Hua, Qiting Zaju, Strange Poems, Collection of Mysterious Novels, Tang Manuscript and so on.