During the period of 1927- 1928, farmers were not in a hurry to sell grain, resulting in a shortage of grain. Stalin believed that the cause of the crisis was the deliberate destruction of the rich peasants. He ignored the opposition of Bukharin and others, on the one hand, he used special means to crack down on rich peasants and forced them to sell surplus grain at the prescribed price; On the other hand, implement the policy of agricultural collectivization. 1927 12. Stalin put forward the slogan of "eliminating the rich peasants", ordered them to confiscate their property and exile them, and prohibited them from joining collective communes. Due to the lack of an accurate definition of the concept of "rich peasants", at the beginning of collectivization, the "rich peasants" in China only accounted for less than 3% of the total number of peasants, but in the end they were deprived of 6%-8% of the total number of peasants, and some middle peasants and poor peasants were also deprived of them. 1929, 165438+ 10. In October, the Central Plenary Session of the Soviet Union passed a resolution and began comprehensive collectivization. Since then, the scale of collective farms has increased at an alarming rate (within two months, the proportion of collective farms has increased from 15% to 59.3%). In the process of implementation, the bottom executors often use threats, intimidation and other means to force farmers to join cooperatives. 1On March 2, 930, Stalin published an article "Get carried away" in Pravda, criticizing the excessive behavior that violated the principle of farmers' voluntariness in the overall collectivization movement, which triggered a wave of large-scale withdrawal from cooperatives. 1June, 930, the proportion of collective farms has dropped from 60% to 23.4%. Stalin had to change his attitude again at the 16th Congress of the Soviet Union held in June, praising the achievements of collectivization as a whole and criticizing the opponents as "people who collude with the enemy", which once again set off the climax of collectivization movement. By the end of 1933, only 0.2% of farmers had not joined the collective farms, which basically achieved the goal of collectivization.

The policy of agricultural collectivization has aroused the dissatisfaction of many farmers, who slaughtered and sold their livestock before joining the cooperative. By 1933, the total livestock in the Soviet Union had lost nearly 50%. Some farmers destroy tools and burn grain in despair, and often participate in sabotage activities such as arson and assassination. Overall collectivization has not brought obvious improvement to agricultural production efficiency. During the period of 1932- 1934, a severe famine occurred in the Soviet Union, and the total agricultural output value decreased by 23%. Moreover, after the collectivization of 1936- 1940, the total agricultural output value only stays at the level of 1924- 1928.