Process archaeology is based on the rich archaeological data accumulated by literature, history and archaeology, and it also criticizes the lack and weakness of interpretation of literature, history and archaeology. There are three theoretical foundations of process archaeology: one is the functionalism thought from Clark Kong to Taylor, which comes from the functionalism school of British anthropology, and its representatives, Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown, have taught in the United States before and introduced functionalism to the United States; Second, White's cultural system view (holistic view) and cultural evolution thought; Third, cultural ecology, multi-line evolution theory and cross-cultural comparison formed from Ge Yihao to Stewart.

The slogan of process archaeology is "more scientific and more anthropological". Under this banner, process archaeology emphasizes the establishment of scientific archaeological materials and the development of strict methods; Different from the historical perspective of literature, history and archaeology, it adopts more logical perspectives. This paper analyzes the changing pattern of human behavior from the relationship between the components of the cultural system, and accordingly, ethnic archaeology and experimental archaeology have emerged, both of which are methods of studying the past from the present, usually called deduction-hypothesis. Classical studies, such as Bindefu's research on ethnic archaeology of Nunamti Eskimos in Alaska and Schiffer's research on behavioral archaeology [2 1]. Process archaeology also studies culture, but it regards culture as a means for human beings to adapt to the outside world, which is different from the cultural view of cultural history archaeology, thus developing new theoretical methods.

Process archaeology emphasizes logical methods and ignores historical methods. Archaeological materials are the product of history and also reflect the understanding of archaeologists at a certain historical stage. In this sense, archaeological materials are not objective. After all, human society is different from nature, and the process of people knowing themselves is subject to cultural background and historical conditions, so it is impossible to observe objectively with colored glasses.