From the October Revolution to the 1920s, there were many domestic literary and art groups and various new slogans emerged one after another. There are mainly "proletarian cultural association" (19 17~ 1932), "Imagist" (191927) and "Serrapi Weng Brothers". The Russian Federation of Proletarian Writers (Lapp for short, 1925~ 1932) and so on are all relatively influential literary groups. Among them, "Proletarian Cultural Association" and "Lapp" are the largest, and their theoretical propositions show the gradual rise of ultra-left literary thoughts. In terms of theoretical criticism, many factions were active at the same time in the 1920s. For example, the Marxist literary criticism represented by Lunacharski (1875 ~1933), the realistic criticism represented by Yakang Wollonski (1884 ~1943), and Fritsch (1873).
In the creative field, works with different ideological tendencies and artistic styles coexist. Brock's long poem "Twelve" shows the unique life atmosphere of Petrograd in the early days of the victory of the October Revolution in the strong contrast between black and white, new and old, bright and dark. "Poet of the Field" (1895~ 1925) Xie Ye Saining's Fortieth Day Festival (1920) provides a vivid image of "Lost Russia". Mandelstam's poem Century (1922) is permeated with an indelible sense of tragedy in the historical process. Mayakovski's long poem Lenin (1924) warmly praised Lenin as the ideal embodiment of "future man", with a strong sense of history and majestic momentum; The short poem "Hui Fan" (1922) satirized the bureaucrats in the Soviet government who were submerged in various meetings all day, and became a famous piece for a while.
There were also achievements in novel creation in the 1920s. Serafimovic's Liu Tie (1924) and fadeev's Destruction (1925) are two representative works that described the civil war earlier and praised revolutionary heroes positively. The latter shows the author's outstanding literary psychoanalysis ability. Platonov's novel "Che Ungur" (1899- 195 1) describes that little town on the prairie cut Ungur in central Russia "spontaneously" ahead of schedule in the mid-1920s. Among a large number of novels that affirm reality, Cement (1925) by writer Ge Ratkov (1883~ 1958) and Millstone Farm by writer panfilov (1896~ 1960).
1934, the first congress of Soviet writers was held. The Congress adopted the Constitution of the Soviet Writers Association, stipulating that "socialist realism" is the basic method of Soviet literature and literary criticism. Unifying writers and literary creation ideologically and organizationally has led to the disappearance of various literary groups, ideological trends, movements and different schools. After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, ethnic contradictions reached their peak, and a number of outstanding works became an important part of world anti-fascist literature, such as Vasily Jorkin (1910 ~1971). After the war, the cult of personality reached its peak, and the criticism of writers such as "Left" and "Left" made literature avoid contradictions, whitewash life and sing praises for the ultra-left policy. The real achievements of Russian literature in this period are the novel Master and Margaret by the famous writer Mi bulgakov (189 1~ 1940) and the famous writers Gorky, sholokhov and A Tolstoy (1928+0940).
In the early 1950s, great changes took place in the social and political life of the Soviet Union. 1954, the old writer ehrenburg (189 1~ 1967) published the novella "Thawing", which announced the beginning of a new era of Russian literature in the 20th century. In February of the same year, at the second Soviet writers' congress, writers argued about "socialist realism" and a series of important issues in literature, which broke the long-term depressing atmosphere in the literary world. By criticizing the "conflict-free theory" and emphasizing active intervention in life, the humanitarianism and realism traditions in literature can return. The appearance of Orwich School, the popularity of unfreeze literature and the rise of Trench True School marked the profound changes in Soviet literature.
From the early 1950s to the mid-1980s, the general trend of Soviet literature was diversification, and writers of various ideological trends, schools and styles competed for novelty and coexisted. Leonov (1953) and dudingtsev (191899 ~1994) had a great influence in these 30 years. Bao Pasternak (1890~ 1960)' s novel doctor zhivago (1957) and sholokhov's short story The Destiny of Man (1956~ 1957). Denisovich's novella A Day (1962) and the novella Red Berry (1973) by novelist and film artist Wa shukshin (1929~ 1974) and Wa rasputin (1973). "(1973), and Astafyev's (1924~200 1) prose novel The King of Fish (1975) and Aitmatov's (1928~) novel" One.
After the mid-1980s, with the profound changes in the social, political and economic life of the Soviet Union, the literary life has also undergone fundamental and all-round changes. The administrative intervention in literature stopped, and the freedom of creation and publication was truly realized. "Return" is the most prominent phenomenon in Russian literature in this period. "Returning to literature" first refers to the works of three generations of expatriate writers in the Silver Age at the beginning of the century. After several years of ups and downs, I finally returned to the Russian readers. Secondly, "returning to literature" also refers to the works that were banned from publication, sealed or shelved for various reasons in the long years from the 1920s to the 1980s, and returned to a free state from the banned state and were able to meet readers.
In addition to "returning literature", the so-called "another literature" (that is, "different literature") appeared after the mid-1980s.
199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the boundary between Russian domestic literature and expatriate literature was broken, and the distinction between the two major literatures no longer existed. The basic feature of literature in the 1990s is pluralism. At the same time, the extensive penetration of religion into literature has become a remarkable literary phenomenon, and popular literary works have also shown quantitative advantages and special influence. All these have changed the basic pattern of Russian literature at the end of the century.