People realize that smoking has many hazards. Members of WHO 192 unanimously signed a global convention on May 3, 2003, aiming at reducing tobacco use, tobacco harm and death worldwide, and China will benefit greatly from this convention. In China, 63% of men smoke, accounting for 1 3 of the global smokers, making China the largest cigarette market in the world. Smoking does a lot of harm. It not only devours the health and life of smokers, but also pollutes the air and harms others. This should be from six aspects:

(1) lung diseases. More than 4000 kinds of chemicals are released when cigarettes are burned, among which the harmful components are tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine and irritating smoke. Tar is harmful to the mouth, throat, trachea and lungs. The villi arranged in the airway of normal lungs usually exclude foreign bodies from lung tissue, and these villi will sweep particles into sputum and mucus and discharge them. Tar in tobacco smoke is deposited on villi, which destroys the function of villi, increases phlegm and causes chronic diseases of bronchus, such as tracheitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease and lung cancer. According to statistics, the proportion of smokers suffering from lung disease after 60 years old is 47%, while the proportion of non-smokers suffering from lung disease after 60 years old is only 4%, which is a shocking figure.

(2) cardiovascular diseases. Carbon monoxide in cigarettes will reduce the oxygen content in the blood and cause related diseases such as hypertension. Smoking causes coronary artery vasoconstriction, reduces or blocks blood supply, and leads to myocardial infarction. Smoking will increase the secretion of adrenaline, make the heart beat faster, increase the heart load, affect blood circulation and lead to hypertension, heart disease, stroke and so on.

(3) Smoking causes cancer. Smoking can cause cancer. According to statistics, smoking is related to oral cancer, snuff cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, intestinal cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. Why do you know so little about carcinogenesis? Understanding the carcinogenic mechanism of smoking is of great benefit to help people quit smoking as soon as possible. Tobacco poison is dissolved in water and food, which directly destroys DNA and causes gene mutation. Tobacco contains more radioactive elements, which flow into the body with smoke and damage tissues and cells. If you smoke 30 cigarettes a day, the toxin produced by X-rays can be equivalent to the cumulative dose of 100 X-rays, which will cause gene mutation and cancer. Smoking can also damage people's immune function. Why smokers are prone to catch a cold is because human lymphocytes defend the human body like guards. Smoking will lead to the decrease of lymphocyte activity and lead to cancer. Therefore, in view of the three major causes of cancer caused by smoking, the sooner the better.

(4) Smoking will also lead to osteoporosis, and menopause will come early. Smoking can make men lose their sexual function and fertility. Smoking in pregnant women can lead to premature delivery, underweight and increased abortion rate. Smoking makes teeth yellow, which makes bad breath easy. Smoking harms others and yourself. Passive smokers are twice as harmful as smokers. For the health of you and your family, you should quit smoking as soon as possible.

(5) The harm of smoking to intelligence. Smoking affects people's attention. Some people think that smoking can refresh their minds, eliminate fatigue and inspire, which is totally unreasonable. Experiments show that smoking seriously affects people's intelligence and memory, thus reducing the efficiency of work and study. Psychologists also used the academic performance of 200 college students as an experimental index, and found that the average score of smokers was 7 points worse than that of non-smokers. Why is this happening? Because nicotine in cigarettes enters the body to stimulate the autonomic nervous system, causing vasospasm, affecting the neural activity of the cerebral cortex, and making people's intelligence decline.

(6) Smoking is harmful. In China, 53% of children smoke passively, which is twice as harmful as smokers, and it is more harmful to children, and they are prone to pneumonia, bronchitis, severe asthma and other diseases. If the current smoking situation continues, both children's intellectual development and smokers' families and individuals will pay a huge price.

Toxicity and Addiction of Nicotine

Nicotine is an odorous, bitter, colorless and transparent oily liquid, which is highly volatile, easily oxidized to dark gray in air, quickly soluble in water and alcohol, and easily absorbed by human body through nasal, oral and bronchial mucosa. Nicotine stuck to the skin surface can also be absorbed and penetrated into the body. Nicotine in one cigarette can poison a mouse, and nicotine in 20 cigarettes can poison a cow. The lethal dose of human is 50~70 mg, which is equivalent to the nicotine content of 20~25 cigarettes. If nicotine in a cigar or three cigarettes is injected into a person's vein for 3 to 5 minutes, he will die. Tobacco is not only harmful to higher animals, but also harmful to lower animals, so it is also the main component of agricultural pesticides. So "poisonous snakes don't bite smokers because they smell the bitter taste of smoking and run away." Similarly, passive smokers are uncomfortable with the smell of smoke.

Acute poisoning death caused by smoking has occurred in China. If you smoke too much, you will be drunk and spit yellow water on the ground and die. So Emperor Chongzhen once ordered a ban on smoking. It is also reported abroad that a young man in the Soviet Union smoked for the first time and died after smoking a big cigar. A 40-year-old healthy man who smokes for a long time in Britain is engaged in a very important job; I smoked 14 cigars and 40 cigarettes overnight. I felt sick in the morning and died after being rescued by a doctor. A French club held a smoking competition. The winner smoked 60 cigarettes and died before receiving the prize. Other participants were dying and went to the hospital for rescue.

So why do some people smoke a lot but are not poisoned? There are many people who smoke more than one box (20 cigarettes) every day, among which the nicotine content greatly exceeds the lethal dose of people, but few people die of acute poisoning, because some nicotine in tobacco is neutralized by formaldehyde, a poison in smoke, and most people do not smoke continuously, and these nicotine slowly enters the human body intermittently. In addition, 50% of nicotine diffuses into the air with smoke, 5% is thrown away with cigarette butts, 25% is destroyed by burning, and only 20% is absorbed by human body. Nicotine is rapidly detoxified in the body and excreted with urine. Coupled with long-term smokers, the body has tolerance and addiction to nicotine, making people addicted to cigarettes.

Why is smoking addictive?

When it comes to addictive substances, people often immediately think of opium, heroin, marijuana and other drugs, but forget the most used and harmful tobacco in the world. In fact, compared with heroin, except one is legal consumer goods and the other is contraband, there is almost no qualitative difference in other aspects, especially from the perspective of material dependence.

There are two main grounds for judging whether a substance is dependent in medicine. First, it depends on whether people have the characteristics of compulsory use and seeking this substance; The second is whether there is a strong desire to use a substance again after stopping using it and the corresponding behavior.

The so-called compulsory use and seeking means that you are addicted and can't live without it. This sense of necessity is determined by the nature of addictive substances. That is to say, the fundamental reason for forcing addicts to quit smoking is physical dependence and mental dependence caused by long-term use of addictive substances, which is also known as withdrawal reaction, that is, after quitting smoking for dozens of minutes to several hours, they begin to want to smoke, feel restless, fidgety and at a loss, and then have headaches, palpitations, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, nausea, diarrhea, listlessness, difficulty in concentrating and hair-loving. All these symptoms make smokers more eager for tobacco. These symptoms are most prominent within three or four days after quitting smoking, and then gradually disappear around 1 month. But a few symptoms, such as difficulty in concentration and drowsiness, will last for a long time. Very similar to heroin and other drugs, once taken, all withdrawal symptoms can be relieved immediately, which is also the common feature of all addictive substances.

Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the mechanism of physical dependence and mental dependence. Some scholars let smokers smoke freely in the laboratory and give them different doses of nicotine or physiological salt intravenously? = Hey? ⑾ Zheng? Bite bawu? Subjects who ingested mg of nicotine smoked 60% less than subjects who ingested normal saline. It shows that the desire and behavior of smoking are regulated by the nicotine content in human blood. The content of nicotine in tobacco is 0.5%~8%, which is mainly absorbed by respiratory mucosa. Nicotine in long-term smokers keeps a constant level, and the body has adapted to this state. Therefore, once you stop smoking, your nicotine level will drop, and smokers will feel all kinds of discomfort. Just like hypertension patients, once their blood pressure suddenly drops to normal, they will feel dizzy and all kinds of discomfort.

In addition, an interesting phenomenon is that when people are nervous or tired, they often unconsciously want to smoke in order to have a rest or relax. But in fact, smoking can make blood pressure rise, breathing excited and heart rate accelerate, which is just the opposite of what happens when people rest, but the subjective feeling of every smoker is really comfortable and relaxed. What is the reason? In fact, nicotine stimulates the secretion of adrenaline in the body, which can obviously increase the stress ability of the human body, thus improving the adaptability of people to external stimuli and leading to subjective relaxation.

The harm of smoking

The harm of smoking is well known. As many as 2.5 million people die from smoking every year in the world, and smoking is the first killer of mankind. Consciously developing the personal hygiene habit of not smoking is not only beneficial to health, but also the embodiment of noble public health ethics. In the smoking room, especially in the environment with closed doors and windows in winter, the room is not only filled with carbon dioxide exhaled by human body, but also with carbon monoxide exhaled by smokers, which will make people feel headache, burnout and work efficiency decline. More seriously, the contents of tar and nicotine in the cold smoke exhaled by smokers are 1 times higher than those in the hot smoke inhaled by smokers, and benzopyrene is 2 times higher, carbon monoxide is 4 times higher and ammonia is 50 times higher.

The data show that the incidence of lung cancer, laryngeal cancer and coronary heart disease in long-term smokers is 10-20 times, 6- 10 times and 2-3 times higher than that in non-smokers respectively. The incidence of circulatory system is 3 times higher, and the incidence of tracheitis is 2-8 times higher. A survey was conducted in 1000 families, and it was found that children under 0/6 years old in smoking families/kloc-had more respiratory diseases than children in non-smoking families. Among children under 5 years old, 33.5% of non-smoking families have respiratory symptoms, and 44.5% of smoking families have respiratory symptoms.

Smoking is especially dangerous for women. If women who smoke are using oral contraceptives, they will increase the risk of heart disease and venous thrombosis of lower limbs. Pregnant women who smoke are prone to premature delivery and underweight, and the immune function of infants and young children is reduced, which is easy to get sick; According to statistics, the teratogenic rate of pregnant women's passive smoking infants has increased significantly.

..... Smoking harms others and yourself, and we should consciously form a good health habit of not smoking.

Smoking is harmful, don't be tempted.

-Written on World No Tobacco Day in 2000

May 3rd1this year is the 3rd1World No Tobacco Day. The theme of this year's No Tobacco Day is "Don't use cultural and sports activities to promote tobacco" and the slogan is "Smoking is harmful, don't be tempted".

Tobacco prevailed in the world for more than 200 years, and it was not until the 20th century that human beings began to realize the harm of tobacco to human beings. 1987165438+10 In October, the United Nations World Health Organization suggested that April 7th every year be designated as World No Tobacco Day, and it was implemented on 1988. From 1989, World No Tobacco Day is changed to May 3 1 day every year. The purpose of No Tobacco Day is to remind the whole world that smoking is harmful to health, to call on smokers all over the world to quit smoking voluntarily, and to call on all tobacco producers, sellers and the whole international community to act together and join the anti-smoking movement to create a smoke-free environment for mankind.

With the change of combustion temperature, tobacco can produce more than 4000 substances. Research shows that many of them are harmful to human body, and only 40 kinds of carcinogens have been confirmed so far. Smoking is the main cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Smokers are also prone to stomach, duodenal ulcer and neurasthenia. The study also found that passive smokers are more hurt than smokers themselves.

The acute hazards caused by tobacco include: hypoxia, rapid heartbeat, asthma, impotence, infertility, and increased serum carbon dioxide concentration. The long-term harm of smoking mainly causes diseases and deaths, including heart disease, stroke, lung cancer and other cancers (throat, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, cervical cancer, leukemia) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ?

Smoking not only harms smokers themselves, but also harms people around them. Studies have shown that inhaling other people's cigarette smoke can lead to acute infant death, infant respiratory diseases and middle ear diseases, adult lung cancer and heart disease. Smoking by children's parents puts children in a more dangerous situation because it will increase their chances of smoking in the future. ?

At present, there are about 1 1 billion smokers in the world, of which more than 70% are distributed in developing countries. About 47% of men and 12% of women smoke in the world, and 80 million to 654.38+million young people become long-term smokers every day. By 2025, the number of smokers in the world will reach1600 million. At present, about 4 million people die of diseases caused by tobacco products every year, and the number of deaths caused by smoking in the world will triple in the next 20 years. By 2020, more people will die from tobacco than from any other diseases, and worldwide, more people will die from smoking-related diseases than from AIDS, tuberculosis, dystocia, car accidents, suicide and murder combined. ?

According to experimental research, nicotine in one cigarette can kill a mouse, and nicotine in 20 cigarettes can poison a cow. In a smoking competition held in France, someone died on the spot after smoking 60 cigarettes. Smoking not only harms oneself, but also harms others. The poisoning degree of passive smokers is also amazing. Nearly 6.5438+0.4 million passive smokers die of cancer or heart disease every year in Europe. Passive smoking is more harmful to teenagers, and the number of children living in smokers' environment suffering from asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia and otitis media has increased significantly. Teenagers are developing. They shouldn't smoke. On average, if smokers start smoking in adolescence and continue to smoke, they will have a 50% chance of dying from tobacco-related diseases. Half of them will die before middle age or 70, losing their normal life expectancy of about 22 years. Because of long-term smoking, the mortality rate of smokers at any age from youth is about three times higher than that of non-smokers.

The social problems caused by smoking are not only limited to human health, but also many other social problems that deserve our deep consideration. The economic loss caused by smoking far exceeds the economic income of the tobacco industry. It has been pointed out that China's current tobacco tax is actually a "fool's treasury", and the ratio of health and economic losses caused by smoking to tobacco profit tax is about 2: 1. In addition, according to the World Bank's estimation, tobacco causes economic losses of more than 200 billion dollars worldwide every year, and half of the losses are borne by developing countries, including the cost of treating diseases caused by smoking, the losses caused by employees' illness and the losses caused by fires.

China is the country with the largest tobacco production and consumption in the world, and the smoking rate is above 37%. According to statistics, the number of smokers in the world is decreasing, but at the same time, the number of smokers in China is expanding. According to the survey, there are 320 million smokers in China, which is more than the total population of the United States. If each of these 320 million smokers has one or two "non-smokers" at home or in the office, then the number of passive smokers will be amazing. These hundreds of millions of "non-smokers" are exposed to poisonous fog every day. Over time, some "non-smokers" will also suffer from other diseases such as lung cancer and become victims of "smokers". It can be seen that smoking has become a public health problem that seriously affects the health of the broad masses of people in China.

Please quit smoking for your personal health and the public interest of the whole society!

Secondhand smoke is more harmful than tigers.

American medical researchers recently published a research report that passive smoking, commonly known as "second-hand smoke", is more dangerous than previously known. Some women who live with smokers are six times more likely to develop lung cancer than ordinary people. Women who have a gene mutation called "GSTMI" or lack this gene are 2.6 to 6 times more likely to develop lung cancer than ordinary people. "GSTMI" gene is thought to inactivate carcinogens in tobacco.

Regarding the prevention of lung cancer, it is wisest to stay away from cigarettes and cigarettes. At the same time, not only try not to smoke, but also don't let yourself get "second-hand smoke". Even in public places, try to avoid smokers and avoid the harm of "second-hand smoke".

A report recently published by the National Cancer Institute of the United States said that eating more foods rich in vitamin E can reduce the chance of smokers suffering from lung cancer by 20%. Studies have found that people with the highest vitamin E content in their blood have a lower proportion of lung cancer. People who smoke for the shortest time and have high levels of vitamin E in their blood have the best preventive effect. However, experts stressed that vitamin E, which can prevent lung cancer, mainly comes from food rather than vitamin E supplements. Foods rich in vitamin E include whole wheat bread, hard fruits, green vegetables, beans and cereals.

& lt Health News >

Environmental pollution caused by smog

Fresh air, food and water are the most important factors for human life. From the point of view of air pollution, in places where there are many smokers, there are 5 billion smoke particles per milliliter of smoke, which is 50 thousand times that of dust particles in ordinary air. The concentration of carbon monoxide there exceeds the industrial allowable threshold by 840 times. The existence of a large amount of carbon monoxide makes people mentally exhausted, reduces labor efficiency, and the concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in blood can rise to moderate poisoning.

Smoke contains many pathogenic substances, such as nicotine, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocyanic acid, acrolein, arsenic, lead and mercury. According to foreign analysis, the concentration of the above substances in flue gas far exceeds the industrial license threshold (Table 1), which is the highest concentration of workers exposed to harmful gases in advanced industrial countries. Cigarette smoke is more harmful to people than industrial polluted chemical gases.

Table 1 Comparison between some gases in cigarette smoke and industrial threshold

Concentration of chemical components in cigarettes (PPM) Industrial allowable threshold (PPM) Cigarette concentration exceeds the threshold multiple.

Carbon monoxide 42000 50 840

Formaldehyde 30 5 6

Acetaldehyde 3200 200 16

Allyl aldehyde1500.11500

Trace nitrogen oxides 5-

Cyanide 1600 10 160

According to the epidemic prevention station of Beijing Railway Bureau, workers who have been engaged in passenger transport for a long time have been working in waiting rooms polluted by smoke and dust. After working for 24 hours, saliva lysozyme, saliva thiocyanate and blood carboxyhemoglobin all increased significantly. At the same time, 20 subjective sensory reactions of 2/kloc-0 employees were investigated. If 90. 5% employees feel unwell, 66.7% employees have symptoms of respiratory irritation, and they have a strong and urgent desire to improve the environment. Through investigation, it is considered that the air pollution in the waiting room of Beijing Railway Station is an important source of pollution and an important factor affecting health. Some people have studied the absorption of nicotine and carbon monoxide by passive smokers under natural conditions. They chose seven non-smokers one day before the holiday to avoid contact with tobacco as much as possible, and then collected blood, urine and saliva as basic samples at noon 1 1: 30 to determine the content of nicotine and its metabolite catinine. At the same time, carbon monoxide in exhaled breath was also determined. The next evening, I went into a shower room with similar natural conditions, and I could have extensive contact with smokers. After 2 hours of passive smoking, nicotine in body fluids, cotinine and carbon monoxide in exhaled breath increased by 7.5%, 65,438 0.8% and 65,438 0.7% respectively. These three components are statistically significant compared with the foundation.

Most materials point out that under the condition of extremely poor energy, after being exposed to a room full of tobacco smoke for only one hour, the blood carboxyhemoglobin of passive smokers increased from an average of 65,438 0.6% to 2.6%, which is roughly equivalent to a cigarette containing moderate tar. Exposure to 20ppm carbon monoxide for two hours is equivalent to actually smoking 10 ordinary cigarettes. This shows that the harm degree of smoking depends on the exposure time and the concentration of smoke in the surrounding gas.