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The Origin of Dragon Boat Race
Dragon boat race is the main custom of Dragon Boat Festival. According to legend, people who originated in the ancient State of Chu were reluctant to part with the death of the sage Qu Yuan, and many people rowed boats to save people. They rushed to catch up with each other and disappeared at Dongting Lake. After that, I will row a dragon boat on May 5th every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body. The habit of competition prevailed in wuyue and Chu. Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, also called Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival and May Festival. In Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and Sichuan, the Dragon Boat Festival is divided into big Dragon Boat Festival and small Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon's Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and the Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifteenth of the fifth lunar month. Dragon Boat Festival is a very important traditional festival in China, and there are various customs in various places. Among many customs, the most important one is the custom of rowing dragon boats.
The custom of dragon boat racing and eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival has long been associated with Qu Yuan. Book Banknotes was introduced to Jin in volume 137. Ge Hong's "Bao Puzi" made a slip of the tongue: "On the day when Qu Yuan threw a gurgle, people set a boat to meet him. So far, I think it is a race, or a water army ... the state soldiers are ordinary, I will watch. " The Book of the Universe, Volume 145, Zhou Huan Customs, quoted Yang Huan Customs, saying, "Qu Yuan threw himself into the Guluo River on May 5th, and his wife sacrificed all her food. It turned out that Tong Meng told his wife that all the sacrifices were taken away by the dragon. The dragon is afraid of five-color silk bamboo, and his wife takes bamboo as zongzi and wraps it with five-color silk. Today, people raise colored silk and eat zongzi every day, saying that this can avoid the trouble of dragons. It was supposed to sink first on the 5th, and then come out on 10. The Chu people raced in the water ... to save the drowning people who shocked Sichuan. The custom has moved, and there is a drama of horse racing. " This custom has been passed down to this day and has become a favorite entertainment. On the first day of April every year, the ceremony of "Dragon Boat Leaving the Niche" is held. Because after the dragon boat race every year, these dragon boats are always placed in the ancestral halls of all ethnic groups. Now we should invite them down to mend the paint and start practicing in the water. So in this month, drums are everywhere and can be heard everywhere.
Dragon boat, as its name implies, is a dragon-shaped boat. The bow of the ship was raised high, and the side and abdomen were painted with different colors. Dragon boats are different in size and number of paddles. There are six pairs, twelve pairs, seventeen pairs and fifty-two pairs. If the races are the same, then the dragon boats must be the same size. If it is a new ship, then the ceremony of dragon festival's head must be held. In the past, hipsters would hold the opening ceremony of the dragon boat race: rowing the dragon boat in front of Mazu Tempel to worship the dragon tail. The dragon head bowed down to the temple gate and made three visits, calling it the "three-ginseng lamp" and praying for the gods to bless the flag. During the race, the dragon boat is as nervous as a long-distance runner at the starting point. When the horn sounded, the drums sounded and the athletes paddled. The dragon boat flies on the water like an arrow leaving the string. Onlookers cheered for their players, and some even jumped into the water and splashed water on the players to make them full of energy.
The implication of dragon boat race on Dragon Boat Festival
The theory of commemorating Qu Yuan
According to the historian Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, Qu Yuan was a minister of Chu Huaiwang in the Spring and Autumn Period. He advocated prospering talents and empowering the people, becoming rich and uniting with Qi to resist Qin, which was strongly opposed by the nobles. Qu Yuan was expelled from the capital and exiled to the Yuanxiang Valley. He went into exile abroad and wrote immortal poems such as Li Sao, Tian Wen and Jiu Ge, which worried about the country and the people. In 278 BC, Qin Jun invaded Kyoto, Chu, and Qu Yuan could not bear to abandon his motherland. On the fifth day of May, after writing his masterpiece Huai Sha, he threw himself into the river.
Legend has it that after Qu Yuan's death, the people of Chu were so sad that they flocked to the Miluo River to pay homage to Qu Yuan. The fisherman paddled the boat and fished for his real body back and forth on the river. They rushed to catch up with each other and disappeared at Dongting Lake. After that, I will row a dragon boat on May 5th every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body.
In Miluo County, Hunan Province, before the dragon boat race, you must go to Quzi Temple to worship the dragon head, put red cloth on the dragon head, and then race the boat, which is not only to worship the dragon god, but also to commemorate Qu Yuan. In Zigui, Hubei, Qu Yuan's hometown, there is also a ceremony to worship Qu Yuan. The custom of offering sacrifices to Qu Yuan is recorded in "Geography of Sui Shu": "The song is loud and clear, shaking the land and water, and the audience is like a cloud." Interpretation of Du Jingqu in Yuxi, Liu Tang: "Du Jing began in Wuling, and now it is harmony, and the sound is salty: where, the meaning of four valleys."
Tiger Pan confessed in Yuanling.
Long before Qu Yuan, there were dragon boats in Yuanling. Yuanling Dragon Boat originated in ancient times, and the object of sacrifice was Pan Hu, the ancestor of the five rivers. Pan Hu once settled in Banxi Cave in Yuanling, and gave birth to six children and six daughters. The children married and multiplied into six ethnic groups: Miao, Yao, Dong, Tu, She and Li. After Pan Hu's death, six departments invited witches and gods to recruit them. Because of the dense mountains and rivers in Yuanling, the wizard didn't know where his soul fell, so he asked all ethnic groups to build dragon boats and look for shouts by stream and river, which eventually evolved into a ritual activity of boating. Yuanling Dragon Boat originated 5,000 years ago, more than 3,000 years earlier than the statement commemorating Qu Yuan.
Theory of commemorating the dragon god
Legend has it that a long time ago, there was no river on the west bank, only a small and dirty ditch. One day, a fisherman caught a small snake in a ditch. This little snake is very strange. There are nine shiny scales on its tail. As soon as the fisherman touched the fish scale, the snake's eyes shone with begging light, which was very pitiful. The fisherman felt sorry for it, touched its scales and put it back in the ditch.
Who knows, the nine scales suddenly fell off, and the little snake danced and turned into a little dragon. It turned out to be a dragon, and it became like this because it broke the dogma and was punished by the jade emperor. There are nine strands on its tail-a small snake has nine shiny scales on its tail. The Jade Emperor once said, "This lock can't be opened unless it is positive." Just now, the fisherman accidentally opened the Millennium shackles on Xiaolong.
In order to thank the fisherman, Xiaolong kept turning around in the ditch, spouting water from his mouth and pouring it into the small ditch. Slowly, this small ditch became a big river (West Bank River), which brought abundant crops to the West Bank. To commemorate this dragon, people call the villages along the river Longtouzhai and Shanglongshou Village. On the day when the dragon ascended to heaven, that is, the Dragon Boat Festival, people held dragon boat races to celebrate.
Traditional customs of Dragon Boat Festival
1, Dragon Boat Race: Dragon Boat Race is the main custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. According to legend, it originated from the ancient Chu people who could not bear the death of the sage Qu Yuan, and many people rowed and chased to save people. They rushed to catch up with each other and disappeared at Dongting Lake. After that, on May 5th every year, a dragon boat was rowed as a memorial to disperse the fish in the river and prevent them from eating Qu Yuan's body.
2. Hanging wormwood: Dragon Boat Festival is the first festival after summer, and the temperature is rising. It is a period of frequent diseases. People often hang several mugwort plants at home. Because of its special fragrance, people use it to ward off evil spirits, prevent mosquitoes and ward off evil spirits. At the same time, the ancients planted mugwort and calamus to a certain extent, and these activities also reflected the fine tradition of the Chinese nation.
3. Eating Zongzi: Eating Zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival is another traditional custom of China people. According to records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, millet was wrapped in leaves into horns, which were called "horny millet". Rice packed in bamboo tubes is sealed and baked, which is called "tube zongzi". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, millet soaked in plant ash water. Because the water contains alkali, the millet is wrapped in leaves into a quadrilateral, and when cooked, it becomes Guangdong sour rice dumplings.
4. Mulan Soup: Orchid soup for bathing in the afternoon is an ancient custom recorded in Da Dai Li, but the orchids in this article are not orchids, but flying grasses or compositae herbs, which are fragrant and can be cooked and bathed. "Five Miscellanies" records that people in the Ming Dynasty took a bath with five-colored grass at noon because "there was no orchid soup". Later, herbs such as cattail and wormwood were usually fried for bathing.
5, painted realgar: the custom of painting children's foreheads with realgar during the Dragon Boat Festival, clouds can drive away poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw the word "Wang" on the child's forehead with realgar. One is to drive away poison, and the other is to suppress evil by tigers. In addition to the forehead, nose and ears, other places can also be painted, with the same intention. This custom is rare in cities.
7. Hiding from the Dragon Boat Festival: Hiding from the Dragon Boat Festival refers to taking a newly married or married daughter home for the holidays. It is customary to take May and May 5th as bad months and days, and everything needs to be avoided, because there is a custom of taking women home to hide during the Dragon Boat Festival. This custom seems to have been formed in the Song Dynasty. There is a line in Lu You's poem "Feng Sui" that "goat cavity wine takes care of women, drum dragon boat sends them to compete with God". "Jiajing Longqing Zhi" also records "Marrying a woman to call back the festival".
8. Avoid five poisons: Dragon Boat Festival is a poisonous day and an evil day in the eyes of the ancients. This idea has been handed down in folk beliefs, so there are various customs of seeking peace and solving disasters. In fact, this is because the weather is hot and dry in summer, people are easy to get sick, plagues are easy to spread, snakes and insects are easy to breed and bite people, so be very careful, which forms this habit.