I. Digging the Grand Canal (7 P3-4) "It is a good thing to have fishermen in Zhuo Jun County in the north and Du Zhi in the south!" The Grand Canal dug during the reign of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty was the most important contribution of Sui Dynasty to later generations. 1. Objective: To strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty over the whole country. 2. Excavation time: 605-6 10 year. 3. The Grand Canal is centered on Luoyang, with Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south; Excavate Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan, connecting Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers. (Passing through Yangzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou in Jiangsu) 4. Function: Its opening has greatly promoted the economic exchanges between North and South. 5. Status: It is the longest canal in the ancient world. Evaluation of the excavation of the Grand Canal: The Grand Canal has not only become a political, economic and cultural link between the North and the South, but also a hub for communicating the "Silk Road" in the inland of Asia and the "Silk Road" at sea. At the same time, the navigation of the canal also promoted the development of towns and industries in coastal areas. However, Yang Di abused people's power, which also caused people's suffering. Generally speaking, digging the Grand Canal is a great contribution of the Sui Dynasty to the history of China. Second, "The Rule of Zhenguan" (seven times to P7) "The boat is more than a gentleman, and the water is more than Li Shu. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. " "People can dress up their clothes with copper as a mirror; Take people as a mirror and you can know the gains and losses. " During the period of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy developed and the national strength gradually became stronger. Because the title of Emperor Taizong was Zhenguan, the rule at that time was called "Zhenguan rule" in history. The reasons for the emergence of "Zhenguan rule" are as follows: ① Politically, Emperor Taizong learned from the lessons of the Sui Dynasty, was good at employing people and being good at coachable, and inherited and developed the three provinces and six departments system of the Sui Dynasty; (2) Culturally, develop imperial examinations and attach importance to education; (3) Economically, develop production in a frivolous and generous way. (Fang, Du Ruhui,) Three. In the early days of Tang Xuanzong's rule, the politics was relatively stable and the economy was prosperous. When the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, China society showed unprecedented prosperity. During this period, Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was named Kaiyuan, which was called "the prosperous time of Kaiyuan" in history. The reasons for the prosperity of Kaiyuan are as follows: ① Appointing talents in the early days of Xuanzong's rule in Tang Dynasty. "Heroes of the world, enter my trap." "Emperor Taizong is really a long-term strategy, earning enough influence and becoming a white head." "Although the gentry is a very important person, it is not good to be a scholar." 1, which means: the imperial examination system is a system for selecting officials through examinations of different subjects, emphasizing talent as the standard for selecting officials. 2. Birth: (seven times P 15) Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty began to select officials by taking examinations in different subjects. When Yang Di was in Sui Dynasty, Jinshi was formally established and the imperial examination system was formally born. 3. Perfection: (seven times P 16) The main permanent subjects of the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty were Ming Classics and Jinshi. Tang Taizong, Wu Zetian and Tang Xuanzong are key figures in improving the imperial examination system. Emperor Taizong expanded the scale of Chinese studies; Wu Zetian initiated the palace entrance examination and martial arts; Tang Xuanzong took poetry and fu as the examination contents. 4. Development: In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the imperial examination system was changed into an eight-part essay examination, which was largely staged as a tool for the court to muzzle people's thoughts. The stereotyped writing of candidates is completely divorced from real life, which can not cultivate people's practical ability, which makes the imperial examination bind people's thoughts and talents. 5. End: Late Qing Dynasty. 1905, Zhang Zhidong demanded to stop the imperial examination, and the Qing government drafted the school charter. 6. Function: The imperial examination system has improved the employment system, giving talented scholars the opportunity to serve in governments at all levels. The imperial examination system promoted the development of education, and the atmosphere of hard study prevailed among scholars. The imperial examination system also promoted the development of literature and art, especially because Jinshi attached importance to the examination of poetry and fu, which greatly benefited the prosperity of Tang poetry. 5. Songzan Gambu and Princess Wencheng: (Seven times, P2 1) Tubo is the ancestor of Tibetans today. Emperor Taizong married Princess Wencheng to Tubo Zambo-Songzangambo, which strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges between Tang and Tubo and strengthened the friendly relations between China and Tibet. 6. Illustrate the development of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty with historical facts such as sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen's eastward journey and Xuanzang's westward journey. 1. Ambassador to the Tang Dynasty: (7 times P27) The Japanese government sent an exchange delegation to the Tang Dynasty. They made a comprehensive study of China, which made Tang Wenhua have a far-reaching impact on Japanese production, life and social development. Among them, Chao Heng is the most famous. 2. Du Dong, Jian Zhen: (Seven P28) During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen successfully went to Japan for the sixth time. He has made outstanding contributions to the cultural exchange between China and Japan. 3, Xuanzang westbound: (seven times P29) When Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang went west to Tianzhu to learn from the scriptures, and after returning to China, he compiled a book "Datang Western Regions". This book has become an important classic in the study of history and Buddhism in Central Asia, the Indian Peninsula and Xinjiang. Block printing: (P32) The earliest printed matter with exact date in the world is the Diamond Sutra printed in the Tang Dynasty. Eight, the art treasure house Mogao Grottoes: (7 P38) There are many more! ! ! ! ! ! !