Zhejiang Province is located in the southeast coast of China and the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta. It is adjacent to Shanghai, the largest city in China, and its capital is Hangzhou.
With a land area of 10 18000 square kilometers, Zhejiang province is known as "seven mountains, one water and two fields". With a total coastline of 6,486 kilometers and an area of over 500 square meters, there are 306 islands/kloc-0, which is the province with the largest number of islands in China.
Zhejiang has famous mountains such as Yandang Mountain, Putuo Mountain, Xuedou Mountain, Tianmu Mountain and Tiantai Mountain, famous lakes such as Hangzhou West Lake, Shaoxing East Lake, Jiaxing South Lake, Ningbo Dongqian Lake, Haiyan Nanbei Lake, the largest artificial lake in China, and famous rivers such as Qiantang River, Oujiang River and nanxi river. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through northern Zhejiang and joins the Qiantang River in Hangzhou.
Zhejiang has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and abundant precipitation. The annual average temperature is 15℃- 18℃. 65438+ 10 and July are the lowest and highest months of the year, respectively, and May and June are the rainfall concentration periods.
Calculated by unit area, Zhejiang ranks fourth in the country in terms of water resources. Economic forests and bamboo forests are rich in resources, and the output of Phyllostachys pubescens ranks in the forefront of the country. There are many famous and special products. Tea, mulberry and citrus are well-known at home and abroad. The dried fruits such as hickory and torreya grandis account for more than 70% of the national output and are rich in tree species resources. They are known as the "treasure house of southeast plants" in China, and more than 50 kinds of wild plants such as "living fossil" Ginkgo biloba are listed in the national rare protection list. There are 1900 known species of wild animals, among which there are more than 120 species listed in the national key protected wild animals, accounting for 1/3 of the national key protected wild animals. Zhejiang minerals are mainly nonmetallic minerals. Among the minerals with proven reserves, stone coal, alunite, pyrophyllite, tuff for cement and tuff for building rank 1 in China, and fluorite ranks second in China. The continental shelf is rich in oil and natural gas resources and has good development prospects. Zhejiang sea area is rich in fishery resources, and Zhoushan Islands is the largest marine fishery base in China.
Population division
The total population of the province is 46.47 million. Except the Han nationality, about 400,000 people belong to 53 ethnic groups, including about 200,000 She people. Jingning She Autonomous County, the only She Autonomous County in China, is located in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province.
The administrative divisions of Zhejiang are divided into Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Jinhua, Quzhou, Lishui, Zhoushan, 1 1 provincial cities, 36 counties, 22 county-level cities and 32 municipal districts.
historical development
Zhejiang has a long history. As early as 50,000 years ago in the Paleolithic Age, there were primitive human "Jiande people" activities in today's mountainous areas in western Zhejiang. Entering the Neolithic Age, the range of human activities in Zhejiang has been quite extensive. More than 100 Neolithic sites have been discovered in this province. During the Three Kingdoms period (220-280), Zhejiang had a provincial organizational system. In the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (758), Zhejiang took shape as a provincial administrative region. Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 127- 1279), which lasted 150 years. The name of Zhejiang Province officially appeared in the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644).
Historically, Zhejiang's economy is relatively developed. Silk, porcelain, paper, printing and shipbuilding industries were in a leading position in China at that time. Zhejiang is full of talents. Thinkers Wang Chong, Wang Yangming, Huang Zongxi and Gong Zizhen, poets He, Luo, Meng Jiao and Lu You, scientists Shen Kuo, dramatists Li Yu and Hong Sheng are all outstanding representatives. In the 20th century, China literary giants Lu Xun and Mao Dun, educator Cai Yuanpei, famous scientists Mao Yisheng, Zhu Kezhen, Qian Xuesen and Chen Shengshen, as well as Li Shutong, Wang Guowei, Xia Yan, Ai Qing, Xu Zhimo, Chen Wangdao, Ma Yinchu and Jin Yong were all from Zhejiang. Culture and art
Prehistoric culture
Hemudu culture 6000-7000 years ago and Liangzhu culture 4000-5000 years ago are outstanding representatives of Zhejiang's long and splendid prehistoric culture. Among a large number of cultural relics unearthed from Hemudu site in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, there are a full range of production tools and utensils made of bone, stone, pottery and wood, a large number of well-preserved ancient rice, wooden components with clear mortise and tenon structure, and colorful paint bowls, which can still blow out beautiful sounds such as pottery boxes and bone flutes. Liangzhu culture is famous for its developed black pottery making and exquisite jade making. It once existed in the early large-scale ploughing and rice farming, large-scale construction projects and social organization forms in the world. The discovery of Hemudu culture and Liangzhu culture proves that the Yangtze River basin is also one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation.
Zhejiang has a long history of culture and developed handicrafts, such as the sword casting of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770-22 BC1year), the porcelain-making technology and bronze mirror-making technology in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 BC), and the silk, block printing, tower-making and post-Tang Dynasty (6 18-907 BC). The Maitreya Buddha statue in Xinchang Buddhist Temple was first carved during the Jianwu period of the Southern Qi Dynasty (494-497), and is called "the largest Buddha in the south of the Yangtze River". Pagoda of Six Harmonies in Hangzhou, Inner Pagoda in Tang Zhong (884) and Fei Ying Pagoda in Huzhou (968-975) were built in Kaibao three years in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is considered as a model of tower-building technology in China.
Wenbo historical relics
There are many cultural relics in Zhejiang. Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Quzhou and Linhai are five national historical and cultural cities, 12 provincial historical and cultural cities, and there are 43 provincial historical and cultural protection zones in the province. There are 73 national key cultural relics protection units and 279 provincial cultural relics protection units, such as Pagoda of Six Harmonies and Yuefei Tomb in Hangzhou, Guobao Temple and Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Zhoushan Road and Dayu Tomb in Shaoxing, Kongjia Temple in Quzhou South Middle School, Fei Ying Tower in Huzhou and so on. Six scenic spots, including Liangzhu Site, West Lake, Putuo Mountain, Yandang Mountain, nanxi river and northern Zhejiang (Nanxun in Huzhou, Wuzhen in Tongxiang and Xitang in Jiashan), have been included in the World Heritage List.
Zhejiang is a province where museums in China developed earlier. Zhejiang Lixihu Museum, the predecessor of Zhejiang Provincial Museum, was founded in 1929, which is one of the early museums in China. Zhejiang has 140 museums and memorial halls. Zhejiang Museum has 654.38+10,000 cultural relics. China Silk Museum, China Tea Museum, Hangzhou Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Kiln Museum, Huqingyutang Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hemudu Site Museum and Liangzhu Culture Museum have distinctive features among many museums in China.
Zhejiang's books have been famous in China since ancient times. Famous libraries such as Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, Wen Lan Pavilion in Hangzhou, Jiayetang in Huzhou and Yuhai Building in Rui 'an are famous for preserving ancient books and documents, cultivating talents and promoting academic research.
drama
Yue Opera is the main drama in China, which originated in Shengxian County (now Shengzhou City) of Zhejiang Province in the early 20th century. The tune is beautiful and euphemistic, delicate and lyrical. In the early days, all performances were performed by actresses. After the founding of New China, the co-production of men and women was advocated, and Yue Opera developed rapidly, becoming one of the most influential local operas in China. Butterfly lovers, A Dream of Red Mansions, and Sister Xianglin are more influential plays. Since the reform and opening-up, the group of Zhejiang Yue Opera, represented by "Little Hundred Flowers", has risen rapidly, and has created and performed outstanding plays such as The West Chamber, Five Women's Birthday, Lu You and Tang Wan, and HongLing Cuo.
Zhejiang is rich in drama art. Apart from Yue Opera, Zhejiang is also the birthplace of China's ancient Southern Opera, with many operas such as Wu, Shao, Ou, Yong, Yao and Hu.
Painting and calligraphy books
There are many schools of painting and calligraphy in Zhejiang, which occupy an important position in the history of painting and calligraphy in China. In history, there were Zhejiang painters such as Wang Xizhi, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Zhenwu, Zhao, Zhao, Ren Bonian and Wu Changshuo. In modern times, there were famous painters such as Huang, Pan Tianshou, Lu, Sha Menghai and Zhu Le. Established in 1928, China Academy of Fine Arts (formerly National Academy of Fine Arts) is the earliest art higher education school in China, and now it has become one of the cradles of talented artists. Xiling Printing House, founded in 1904, is the earliest academic group and publishing institution of epigraphy and calligraphy in China, enjoying a high reputation at home and abroad. The reason why Shaoxing Lanting became the "holy land of calligraphy" in China is because Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, wrote the Preface to Lanting Collection here.
Zhejiang is one of the earliest provinces in China to establish modern libraries, with 83 public libraries at or above the county level. Zhejiang Library, with a history of one hundred years, is one of the earliest provincial public libraries established in China, with a collection of more than 4.2 million books.
folk art
Zhejiang's rich local customs have given birth to a variety of folk arts. Dragon dances, lion dances, bamboo horses, stilts and Yuanxiao are all over urban and rural areas, and there are many kinds of folk songs, Tian Ge, fishing songs and folk instrumental music. "Three Carvings and One Plastic"-Dongyang woodcarving, Qingtian woodcarving, Wenzhou boxwood carving and "Ou Su" are well-known at home and abroad. Paper-cutting, embroidery, dyeing and weaving, weaving and colored lights. The farmer paintings and fisherman paintings represented by Xiuzhou in Jiaxing, Cixi in Ningbo and Zhoushan are full of life and labor. Zhejiang folk dance, music, instrumental music, opera and folk art have their own characteristics, and many fields of mass culture are quite influential throughout the country. A number of "Hometowns of China Folk Painting" and "Hometowns of Chinese Folk Art" have emerged in the whole province.
Seventh Art Festival
With the approval of the State Council, the People's Government of Zhejiang Province hosted the 7th China Arts Festival. The 7th China Art Festival was held in Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Shaoxing and Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province from June/KLOC-0 to June 24th, 2003, and will focus on the highest achievements and latest achievements of China's cultural and artistic undertakings at the beginning of the new century. At that time, 45 outstanding and cutting-edge drama programs from domestic professional art performance groups will participate in the award performance of the festival, and 30 domestic drama programs and 10 overseas and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan outstanding drama programs will participate in the festival activities. In addition, there are five group literature specials, several stage art specials, exhibitions, seminars and various forms of mass cultural and recreational activities with a certain scale.