(sound: straight, human) (24 BC1-BC 180), Emperor Gaozu, Queen Liu Bang. Single father (now Shan County, Shandong Province). Also known as Empress Henkel, Empress Lv Hou and Empress Lu.
In his early years, his father moved to Pei County to avoid revenge and married Liu Bang. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he was made queen. Give birth to Liu Ying and Princess Luyuan. After Liu Bang's death, he made Liu Ying emperor. Take control of state affairs. She was the first woman in feudal society in China's history to take control of state affairs, and also created a precedent for the exclusive rights of consorts.
When she became queen, Lv Zhi actively helped Liu Bang eradicate dissidents and killed Han Xin and other DPRK officials.
After Liu Bang's death, she actively supported Lu's forces and attacked Liu's royal family and forces. She killed Liu Bang's favorite concubine, Qi Shi, chopped off her hands and feet, threw them into the toilet, and had Qi (Zhi,) called Han. Han Huidi was frightened, never asked about state affairs again, and soon died. She helped two Han emperors (Gong Liu and Likas) to be puppets, and held the real power firmly in her own hands. Lu's autocratic era did not end until his death.
The exclusive power of the consorts of the State of Lu left a profound lesson for the Western Han Dynasty and even the whole history of China, so that when Liu's family chose the heir to the throne, the most important thing to consider was that his mother must not have a strong maiden. This led to the succession of Emperor Liu Heng.
She is very persistent. When Liu Bang conquered the world, she was displaced with her children and her father-in-law, and even taken hostage by Xiang Yu, but she lived tenaciously and struggled. She is very mature. After Liu Bang won the world, he spoiled Mrs. Qi and neglected himself, without feeling sorry for himself or being jealous. She hid her jealousy well, made important officials, and safeguarded her position and interests with her son. She is very clever. She was designed for Liu Bang to eradicate the curse and stabilize the political power in the early Han Dynasty. In short, she is a strong person in life, bravely facing all struggles and waves, taking her time, and is an amazing woman!
The majestic Lv Hou.
After Liu Bang pacified the world, Lv Hou did not become a spoiled queen. She killed heroes, including Han Xin and Peng Yue, two heroes who helped Liu Bang conquer the world. So why did Lv Hou kill them?
When Liu Bang besieged Xiang Yu, he went to Guling, but he didn't come to reinforce him. In this case, Liu Bang adopted a plan of Sean, that is, he and the two men * * * all over the world, and two people came to reinforce him. Only the Han Dynasty came into being, but Liu Bang also paid a heavy price and gave them a large piece of land, but Liu Bang wanted to kill the two men without proper reasons. He tried to kill them step by step skillfully.
The world is set, and now a problem is the establishment of the Chu army. At that time, Liu Bang was 55 years old when he was emperor, and made his eldest son Liu Ying a prince. At the same time, a woman appeared, which made Liu Bang want to change the crown prince. This woman is a famous lady in history.
Mrs. Qi is young, beautiful and versatile. She gave birth to a son for Liu Bangsheng and named him Ruyi. This shows how much Liu Bang likes this son. Both Liu Bang and Mrs Qi are very good. Besides her youth and beauty, more importantly, they have the same hobbies. Compared with, Mrs. Qi is more like Liu Bang's lover, more suitable for being a wife and more suitable for being a political partner.
When Lv Hou learned that Liu Bang was going to abolish Liu Ying and establish Liu Ruyi, she panicked. Changing the crown prince means that her son can't be emperor and she can't be empress dowager. However, after a brief panic, Lv Hou tried to save the situation. She took two major actions: First, she bowed to Zhou Chang and said that the Crown Prince would be abolished without you this time; The second is to ask Sean for advice and invite Shang Shan Si Hao to be a guest in Liu Ying.
Let's start with who Zhou Chang is. He was a minister of the Western Han Dynasty, a loyal and honest man, outspoken, not flattering, but stuttering. On one occasion, Liu Bang and several ministers discussed the replacement of the Prince. What did Zhou Chang think? According to historical records, I can't speak, but I can't know the date of my minister. Although your majesty wanted to abolish the Prince, his courtship was not completed, and he was happy. Therefore, Lv Hou listened to Zhou Chang in the East Room and knelt down to thank him. He said, Wei Jun, the prince has been abolished several times. (Note: Wargo stutters, too. Zhou Chang period and Wargo Ai formed today's idiom period Ai Ai).
Besides, the four good big noble, they are four old people who lived in seclusion in the mountains for four years and eighty years. The four of them are highly respected and unwilling to be officials. Liu bang sent invitations for many times, but they were all rejected. For Liu Ying's sake, they invited the four men to follow the Prince as instructed by Sean of Shang Dynasty.
Liu Bang held a banquet in the palace, and all the officials attended, including the prince. When the counter approached, Liu Bang saw four white-haired old men who followed the prince, and asked, knowing that these four men were four noble people who were repeatedly invited and rejected, he asked me why I didn't go down the mountain many times and became a public guest of the prince. Siweng saluted and replied: The emperor doesn't like scholars, and he always scolds them when he opens his mouth, but the prince is a benevolent man who cherishes talents in the world, so everyone is willing to work for him, so the four of us came to help him, and Liu Bang said that we would ask them to help him well. After the prince and others left, Liu Bang told Mrs. Qi that these four old men were the four noble men who had been rejected for many times, and said that the tide was gone and it was impossible to change the prince.
After the banquet, Mrs. Qi burst into tears. Liu bang asked Mrs. Qi to get up and sing a swan song, and asked Mrs. Qi to dance with it. The lyrics are like this: a swan flies high/flies a thousand miles at a stroke/flies a feather/flies all over the world/flies all over the world/can do nothing/although it is to pay/give safety, Liu Bang is here to do business.
After Hui Di's death, Lv Hou began to choose who would be the emperor. Hui Di has no sons, and she doesn't want to give Liu Bangsheng other sons. So, why did Lv Hou call Liu Bang's other sons emperors? Subjectively, she has a strong desire for power. Second, there is deep fear in my heart (brutally killing Mrs Qi and Liu Ruyi).
Then why can she be called Objectively speaking, she has political talent. For example, in the case of abolishing the Prince and challenging Lady Qi, the design of trapping and killing Han Xin showed her political talent. On the other hand, it is her political resources: as Liu Bang's original wife, although his son has passed away, Liu Bang's other sons still told his mother not to openly confront her, so the relationship with the Liu family can basically be maintained; As the strong backing and core strength of Lv Hou's consorts, this is needless to say. Of course, it must be on Lv Hou's side. Finally, Lv Hou's relationship with the veteran hero. Although Lv Hou was in charge of the military power, she was very interested in a certain minister and had a good relationship with courtiers.
Lv Hou also did something that seems ridiculous to us today. She married her niece to her son, Han, which means that her uncle married her niece, which is unethical. However, according to her own experience, Lv Hou thought it was a good thing to marry the emperor. Since the daughter can't marry the emperor, let the niece marry the emperor. This absurd behavior is the direct cause of Han Wuzi's return, so it is. Han and the maid-in-waiting gave birth to six sons, and they gave birth to sons exclusively. So it seems that his fertility is no problem. We can think about it. Princess Luyuan is her daughter, while Han's sister is only three or four years older than Han. How old can Han's wife be? How can she have a baby? Even after having fertility, Han is still a person with feelings. What emotional problems should he consider? Therefore, after the death of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, he never had children with Emperor Zhang.
After the death of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, there were no children. Lv Hou did not let Liu Bang's other five sons be emperors, but chose six sons from Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty and maids as emperors. Before choosing the puppet emperor, he also did a cruel thing, that is, he killed his mother and saved his children. She killed all six maids, and then gave six children to Queen Zhang for education.
Lu was the first emperor, and later came to power by himself. But when the children grow up, they know that their mother was killed. When they grow up, they want to kill Lu. When they found out, they imprisoned the former emperor as if they were going to imprison Mrs. Qi, claiming that the former emperor was sick and could not go to court, and then they made the later emperor emperor. That's what she called eight years.
So, why didn't Lv Hou just declare himself emperor? There are two reasons. First, Liu Bang once had a white horse, and he swore that Liu could not be king. Second, Lv Hou was forced by many ministers who fought side by side with Liu Bang in the DPRK, so he did not dare to be king himself.
Although he didn't claim to be the emperor himself, he let go of his hands and feet and sealed many kings at once, sealing many Hou, and almost all Lu family members were sealed, as long as they were not fools, they were all sealed as kings. Lv Hou's enfeoffment system, after all, contradicted Liu Bangding's ethnic policy in the early Han Dynasty, and also offended a group of meritorious veterans in the early Han Dynasty. So, when Lv Hou was eight, Lv Hou was eight and Lv Hou was eight. It is said that once she went out, she suddenly saw a dog and bit her arm. I don't know if I was bitten. I saw a dog, but when I came back, Lv Hou said that she said it must be the ghost of Liu Ruyi. Later, Lv Hou died soon. After her death, the anti-Lu forces quickly formed an alliance and wiped out all members of the Lu family, ending such a mutation in the early Han history.
Lv Hou: Right and wrong.
In the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu, Liu Bang was wounded by an arrow when he conquered Qing Bu. Before returning to Chang 'an, he was seriously ill. Lv Hou sent someone to find a good doctor to treat Liu Bang who was wounded by an arrow. After the doctor came in, Liu Bang asked about his illness, and the doctor said that he could be treated. Liu bang scolded: I take the world as a cloth and hold a three-foot sword. This is fate! What's the use of letting Bian Que invite me today? So he refused treatment, rewarded the doctor with a sum of money and sent the doctor back.
In fact, Liu Bang had a premonition that his time was coming.
Lv Hou refused treatment when he saw that Liu Bang was so ill, which was unprecedented in Liu Bang's life. Therefore, Lv Hou also had a presentiment that Liu Bang would die soon. She quickly asked Liu Bang: If Guo Xiang died a hundred years later, who could replace him? Liu Bang said: Cao Can can. Lv Hou asked again: What happened after Cao Can? Liu bang replied: the tomb is ok. But the tomb was a little rough and straight, and he refused to die. Chen Ping can help him. Chen Ping knows enough, but it is difficult to shoulder this heavy responsibility alone. Frequency is calm and honest, and he is not good at words. He can be appointed Qiu. Lv Hou asked the heir below, and Liu Bang said: You don't need to know anything after this. Lv Hou has selfishness, sometimes selfishness is extremely heavy; But she has no intention of usurping Liu's surname. She cared about and appointed the prime minister selected by Liu Bang, which proved that she had no ambition to usurp the Liu family name. At the same time, it also shows that Lv Hou is concerned about political stability at this time.
Besides reusing the Prime Minister recognized by Liu Bang's last words, what can Lv Hou do politically? One is to abolish harsh laws, and the other is to get rid of bad words, which is her contribution to society. But why is the folk image of Lv Hou so bad? In my opinion, there are three main reasons: (1) It is early to kill the chicken; Lack of humanity; Talking about killing Miracle and others.
Lv Hou, as the first concubine in the feudal history of more than 2,000 years in China, made certain contributions to consolidating the regime of the Western Han Dynasty, developing the economy at the beginning of the Han Dynasty and abolishing the harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty, which is worthy of recognition. However, her cruelty and tyranny have left a lasting stigma, which is also worth pondering.
4. Comments on Lv Hou's poems in past dynasties.
Unfortunately, direct comments on Lv Hou's poems are rare in history. I only found some profiles describing Lv Hou, but most of the articles are original, so I won't post them for you.
Appreciation of Lady Qi's Gong Ge
The son is king and the mother is Lu.
All day long, I am depressed and often associate with death.
Three thousand miles away, who will sue that woman?
When Liu Bang sang "Andrew wants to reject all directions" in Peigong, he was already vaguely worried about the future of the Han family. But he didn't expect that this hidden worry appeared only a few months after his death, and it began with the appalling murder of Mrs. Qi and the poisoning incident in the harem. Lady Qi's Song of Songs was born in this extraordinary period.
"Son is king, mother is captive". The prosaic beginning of these two sentences in Song of Nature actually contains a thrilling struggle with Mrs. Qi. As a favorite of Liu Bang, Mrs. Qi once had a short-lived dignity and scenery: Liu Bang became the queen of Hanzhong, and she was always around, winning the "favor", which made the original "fortitude, helping Gao Di set the world" increasingly cold and distant; Her son Ruyi Zhao is quite a "rogue" because he is a father, unlike Lv Hou's son Liu Ying (later Hui Di), "different people have different opinions". He was even praised by Liu Bangzan as "like me" and almost replaced Liu Yingli as the prince. Because there is such a struggle about the throne, I hate Mrs. Qi's guts. After Liu Bang's death, he immediately ordered that Mrs. Qi be imprisoned in Yongxiang (Biegong), "beard pliers (shaved hair, wearing an iron ring around her neck), clothes (russet clothes worn by criminals)" and sentenced to operating pestle. Mrs. Qi is the princess of Emperor Gao and the mother of Zhao Wang. She became a prisoner at dusk, which shows how sinister the disturbance in the harem of the Han Dynasty is! The first two sentences of "Gong Ge" are in sharp contrast with the identity of Mrs. Qi's mother and son, and sing the resentment and grievances of this noble lady who was trapped in "Yongxiang".
"Twilight all day long, often interacting with death" closely follows the sentence, further describing Mrs. Qi's painful situation from morning till night. Mrs Qi certainly understands that after Liu Bang's death, Liu Ying became emperor, and Lv Zhi, as the "empress dowager", will never let her go. Being imprisoned in "Yongxiang" and being slapped and punished, just to humiliate her; After humiliation, don't kill her? She is really a death row prisoner who will be slaughtered sooner or later! The sentence "always interacting with death" is too sad, and the sigh of grief has turned into a cry of despair, which makes people unbearable.
Sima Qian said: "Poverty is the root. Therefore, no matter how tired you are, you will never call your parents. " (Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng). But for Mrs. Qi in despair, what worries her most at the moment is her son. Wang Zhaoyuan is in Handan, thousands of miles away from Chang 'an. Does he know that his mother is in prison? Can he save his own mother from suffering? What will the evil Lv Zhi do with him? Mrs. Qi is in Yongxiang, who can she entrust to send a message to her beloved son in the distance, so that he can avoid disaster in advance? This is precisely the complex emotion contained in the sentence "Who should sue a woman (you) three thousand miles away" in Song of Songs. What a profound expression of Mrs. Qi's longing, hope, anxiety and worry about her beloved son in despair!
As the saying goes, "When a bird is dying, its song is also sad." Song of Songs is a song that Mrs. Qi blurted out when she was doing her homework. It used a "folk song" of three or five words. The lyrics are simple and clear, but sad and angry, thrilling. What is touching is that this is the true feeling from the heart of a lonely and helpless woman in the harem battle. She publicly sang the bitterness, bitterness, despair and bitterness of her work and Philip Burkart's education. Because the weak can win people's sympathy most when they are in trouble; Because it is true, it is shallow and affectionate, so it can touch the readers' heartstrings best.
However, for Mrs. Qi, Song of Songs brought her more cruel disaster than bitterness: when Lv Hou heard that her son was mentioned in her song, she flew into a rage and said, "I want to rely on my daughter (you) to do evil!" Immediately, Wang Zhao was tricked into going to Beijing and took advantage of Huidi's morning hunting to poison Ruyi with zhenniao medicine. Then he "cut off Mrs. Qi's limbs, gouged out her eyes, blew her ears (smoked with medicine to make her deaf), drank medicine (made her dumb), let her live in the toilet and called her' human'." Since then, Mrs. Qi has no limbs, is deaf, dumb and blind, and can never sing that sad song "My Song". Seeing such a terrible sight, even Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, couldn't help crying, denouncing Lv Hou and saying, "This is inhuman! I am the queen mother, and I can't rule the world in the end. " Finally, he died of depression, and finally Lv Hou took the Han family away. In this way, Mrs. Qi's "Lost Song" is not an ordinary song. Just like Liu Bang's Song of the Strong Wind, "generosity and sadness" became the first ominous sigh of the sudden change of Han Palace and Lv Hou's usurpation of government.
Success or failure is due to the same person; Something will be done or destroyed by the same person.
Song Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Xu Xiao He and Han Xin: "Han Xin was sued, and Lv Hou wanted to call him, but he was afraid that he would not. He colluded with Xiao, telling people that Chen Yi is broken, and saying that' although you are ill, you will be happy'. If you believe it, you will be punished. The letter was recommended by General Xiao He. Now that he is dead, he has a plan. Therefore, slang has the language of' success is also Xiao He, and failure is also Xiao He'. " Later, "success is Xiao He, failure is me" is a metaphor that success or failure of things all come from the same person.
As he beat Xiao He, it was almost as written in the book, hehe.