Philosophy aims to explain problems through the method of connection, to enable people to understand our world of experience, and to make various attempts to create greater creations. The following is the relevant information that I have carefully compiled for the high school politics compulsory course IV. A short essay on philosophy. I hope it will be helpful to you!
The high school politics compulsory course IV. A short essay on philosophy Part 1
The disenchantment of philosophyamp;mdash;amp;mdash;The changes in the status of contemporary Western philosophy
Philosophy aims to elucidate problems through the method of connection, to enable people to understand our empirical world, and to create a greater world. Make various attempts to create. A change in philosophical thought can often determine a change in people's way of thinking, and even bring about some huge social changes.
1. Overview of the History of Philosophy
It can be said that both science and philosophy originated from religion, or rather, at first science, philosophy, and religion were the same thing, and mythology was the way to understand the world. The most original attempt. Therefore, there is a famous saying in the Western world: "Theology is greater than science", and this is the truth. People initially explain most of the phenomena that attract attention for some reason (mainly practical reasons) based on their own shallow experience. People give life to them and regard the imagined phenomena as living souls, so they have "myths". " said that myths materialize natural and social phenomena that people cannot reasonably explain, so they have "gods" in people's minds. Among many ethnic groups, this vague theory of materialization slowly affects individual creation or their logical thinking, and then turns into the wisdom they possess. Of course, imagination and will play a key role. . The history of philosophy must include the philosophies of all nations. Only the speculations of a few nations cannot be called history.
The history of philosophy we are talking about currently usually refers to the history of Western philosophy, and Western philosophy often begins with the ancient Greeks, and modern philosophical civilization is based on the culture of the ancient Greeks. . We usually divide the development history of philosophy into ancient philosophy, medieval philosophy, modern philosophy and contemporary philosophy. The history of philosophy has its own process of inheritance, evolution, development and overthrow. To study the entire history of philosophy cannot be completed in one article or even one book, because it contains too many ideological tendencies and ideologies. It is difficult for historians of philosophy to be impartial and satisfactory in their research. Therefore, the author once again has no intention to discuss this voluminous historical picture, and only makes a superficial discussion on the development process of contemporary philosophy.
It is of great significance to study the development process of contemporary Western philosophy. Many people of insight are interested in the fundamental issues of current human survival and development, and they all strive to rack their brains on how human beings can find themselves in the civilized world. However, the answers have never been unified. As the name suggests, if people want to understand the fundamental survival principles of their own era, they must understand the relationship between past and contemporary theories, religion, politics, law and economic thought. The changes in the status of contemporary Western philosophy have opened a door for us. Understanding the changes in the status of contemporary Western philosophy will help us form our own unique world view and outlook on life, and help us understand the development process of human society so as to find our own place in history.
2. The influence of postmodernism on the evolution of Western philosophy
If we give contemporary Western philosophy a time limit, I think it should start from the 1970s. At that time, Western philosophy Philosophy has undergone earth-shaking changes in its themes, objects, methods, content and forms of expression. This series of changes has caused Western philosophy to complete a complete turn in its development direction, action trends and historical status. Its impact is extremely far-reaching, even The emergence of many current philosophical trends is related to the changes in the 1970s. The end of the old era and the beginning of the new era in the field of philosophy is mainly related to the emergence of postmodernism, a rebellious, revolutionary, fashionable and alternative ideological movement sweeping across all fields of contemporary society.
It first subverted the hegemony of traditional philosophy, faded away the aura of philosophy, washed away the charm and mystery that philosophy once had, and made Western philosophy, known as the science of science, lose its glory and wander in the world. At the same time, postmodernism has brought out a colorful brilliance in the field of philosophy, presenting a scene of philosophical diversity, which in turn has become the trend of future philosophy development.
During this period, philosophy began to turn towards aesthetics, which was increasingly reflected in daily life, popularization and secularization. At the same time, literature, history, and natural anthropology, which were once the little brothers of philosophy, began to get close to philosophy, and philosophy finally became the promoter of "the filth of thousands of households". The distinction between the philosophical elite and the masses is disappearing day by day. Under the slogan of "death of the author", everyone is said to be a loner, and everything is soaked in vicissitudes of life. Although most of the schools of thought or thinkers involved in this ups and downs and deviant movement have very different and even opposing theories and ideas, they all undeniably share the following characteristics:
Chapter 1. Postmodernism doubts everything. The authority, common sense and truth of the past are all made by postmodernism as the object of their revolution. Second, Einstein's theory of relativity was originally applied in the field of natural science, but was also moved into the realm of philosophy. Postmodernism takes a relativistic stance, conducts a relative understanding of multiculturalism, exaggerates the role of human beings, and The standard of human value serves as the measure by which all things are measured. Third, the linguistic turn of postmodernism and the deconstructive analysis of language. Fourth, the romantic style advocated by postmodernism has posed a great challenge to the previous Enlightenment. Fifth, the Orientalism complex of postmodernism. In the past, Western philosophy focused on the Western world, with Western culture as the research background and the Western world as the research object. The most desirable thing about postmodernism is that it looks beyond The West has moved to the East, no longer looking at the world in a single way, but looking at it in an all-round way. Sixth, the aestheticism proposed by postmodernism. Aesthetics is a broad concept, and aesthetic concepts influence literary creation and the development of philosophy. Seventh, postmodernism is anti-rational, anti-essence, and anti-metaphysics, and advocates solving problems based on reality, which is obviously inconsistent with the previous speculative logic. Eighth, postmodernism’s criticism of anthropocentrism. Ninth, postmodernism’s criticism of the endism of philosophy. Tenth, postmodernism has completely subverted the philosophical paradigm, deconstructed individual rationality and subject center, and moved the cognitive method from epistemology to hermeneutics. The above is the author’s summary of the ten major characteristics of postmodernism.
Obviously, postmodernism aims to be unconventional in the fields of philosophy, humanities and social sciences. Anti-tradition and anti-authority are its central ideas, and suspicion is its method and means of struggle. It advocates negativity, decentralization, fragmentation, difference and repetition, criticizing and subverting reason, unity and truth. The realities it is concerned with are fragmented, changing, irrational, non-traditional and discontinuous. Postmodernism believes that both philosophy and science have lost their original charm, and its ultimate goal is to level the boundaries between philosophy and literature. Postmodernism's criticism of traditional Western philosophy is the most comprehensive and fundamental criticism among philosophical criticisms and debates in the entire history of the development of Western philosophy. In this criticism, the crown of philosophy was taken off, just like the aloof concubine Yang Guifei showed when she faced the Mawei mutiny, "no one can take back the money". At the same time, other humanities and social sciences began to rise, and everyone wanted to Through this thorough criticism of Western philosophy, we can complete the redemption and rebirth of our own discipline.
3. The trend of the status of Western philosophy amp; In fact, the final transformation of the status of Western philosophy is the shift in "epistemology", a change in cognitive methods, and a change in human cognitive thinking, that is, from medieval philosophy, that is, the ontological issues of traditional philosophy, to modern times. epistemological issues. Postmodern philosophy has shifted from epistemology to hermeneutics.
From the perspective of cognitive paradigm, the author believes that the change in the status of Western philosophy brought about by postmodernism is actually to change a kind of thinking logic of people, that is, humanistic thinking logic. We have mentioned the characteristics of this logic before, which is to try to change the traditional thinking establishment, oppose the binding force of essentialism on universality, value the difference of objects, respect the diversity of objects, value people's individual thinking, value comprehensive human development. The significance of this kind of humanistic thinking logic does not stop there. Its root lies in changing your cognitive paradigm, that is, from the opposition of subject and object to realizing the unity of subject and object, using empirical science as a model, paying attention to critical logic and the role of language. Along with this, people's way of understanding the world gradually changes from objective to reasonable, and from universal to legal.
Conclusion
The change in the status of Western philosophy marks the establishment of a new paradigm of human thinking, which has caused a fundamental change in the relationship between different cognitive subjects, from opposition to dialogue, from Struggle turned to cooperation, thus changing the entire world.
The next page will share more excellent high school politics compulsory course four essays on philosophy