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"Only women and villains are difficult to raise. If you are close, you will not have grandchildren, and if you are far, you will be resentful." - "The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo" is generally believed to be Confucius's contempt for women and manual workers. Even overseas people who sincerely respect Confucius find it difficult to deny it and say helplessly: "Confucius is wrong about this." The previous sentence here, "Only women and villains are difficult to raise" has almost become a traditional saying. A wise saying in a patriarchal society, and the last sentence has been almost forgotten by people. If you think about it carefully, these two sentences are originally a full stop, but why are they taken out of context by later generations and the second half is omitted? And the first half became a famous quote? This is indeed an interesting oversight or forgetfulness.

What does this sentence mean? You might as well select some ideas for everyone to share after dinner.

1. Yang Zibin said that woman is a special name but not a full name

From the literal point of view, according to the logical analysis of this sentence, if "wei" is an adverb, it is said as "only, only, only" , which has always been a common usage. Mr. Yang Bojun's "Analects of Confucius" translates it this way. It means: only "women and villains" are difficult to raise, not all "women and villains". "People" are difficult to raise. This sentence is a specific rather than a universal proposition. The first sentence is a conclusion, and the second sentence is an argument: "If you are close, you will not have grandchildren, if you are far, you will resent" is that "women and villains" are difficult to raise The reasons and expressions are also the definition of "women and villains" as Confucius said: not all women and villains are difficult to raise, but "women and villains" who "are close will not be loved by grandchildren, and those who are far away will be resentful" Difficult to raise. The "female" mentioned by Confucius is not the same as women. The words "female" are just women who "don't care if they are close, and resent if they are far away". Likewise, "little people" are not men. They are manual workers, but they are just men who "don't care if they are close, and resent if they are far away"

2. Shen Shanzeng said that women, sons, and villains are the three political forces.

When writing "Return to My Laozi", the author accidentally discovered that this sentence is actually a punctuation error. There should be a break in the punctuation between "woman", such as "女,子" refers to the monarch. Concubines, "zi" refers to the monarch's son, and "villain" refers to the favored ministers, sycophants, courtesans, eunuchs and the like around the monarch.

From the pre-Qin classics and documents, the monarch's wives and concubines. To participate in politics is to have a son who is the successor, so he colludes with his sons to fight for the inheritance. This is an issue that politicians at that time were very concerned about. The three shortcomings of "field (hunting)", "good wine" and "lust" are not the most important. "Renjun can only be 'excellent' and 'insensitive'. ‘Excellent’ means defeating everyone, and ‘insensitive’ means nothing can be done. "You" is what Confucius refers to as "little people." Because in ancient times, nobles often performed dramas, danced, and juggled for fun during their banquets. Such actors were called you, advocate, or haiku. "Han Feizi" On "Eight traitors", the first three, "one means sharing the same bed", which refers to "female"; "two means being beside", refers to "little person"; "three means father and brother" refers to "son". The three "villains" colluded to disrupt the government and usurp power, which was the main source of political unrest at that time. Therefore, it was also the primary political issue.

3. Qian Mu said the way of the Qi family - how to deal with colleagues. The relationship between servants and concubines

Here, the concubine refers to the concubine in the family. The concubine is particularly close to the servant, so the woman is in front of the concubine, so she treats the concubine closely. If you are close, you will not be inferior. If you are far away, you will be resentful. It is also a matter of keeping the family together. The master said: "Only the concubines and servants at home are the most difficult to maintain." If you get close to them, they will not know how to give in. If you stay away from them, they will resent you. ”

4. Li Ao said about women’s character and villain’s character – a modern interpretation

When Confucius said these words, his original meaning was not specific but general. The reason for this is that he was able to appreciate the basic nature of women and villains. From this understanding, the modern expression of Confucius's words should be: "Only women and villains are the most difficult to identify with." They get along. If you are nice to them, they will test you, offend you, and disturb you. If you are stern with them, they will keep complaining and saying that you are sorry for them. ”

Confucius believed that women and villains obviously have this kind of “feminine character” and villain character, so he expressed emotion and made a general conclusion .

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I don’t know which one you think is more reasonable? However, I think it is unfair to say that Confucius despised all women out of context. After all, ordinary women had not yet entered the political and historical stage at that time, and were basically not widely recognized by society. No matter how much you scold them, you can't scold them. . Personally, I think it is more pertinent to interpret women, sons, and villains as the three major political forces; secondly, from a psychological perspective, Li Ao's interpretation also has some flavor.