■ Perfect: described to the extreme, without defects.
When Confucius was in the State of Qi, he had the opportunity to enjoy the most wonderful music he thought [[Shao]]. He called it "perfect, perfect!" Then I was deeply moved. I thought about it for many days, and eating meat was tasteless. I don't know the taste of meat in March, which was originally used to describe Confucius' fascination with music. It is really strange that later generations use it to describe poverty.
■ Talking in Kan Kan: Talking leisurely.
In the hierarchy of the Zhou Dynasty, Confucius' position was equivalent to that of a doctor. Confucius was a man who tried to follow the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty. He talks nonsense when he meets people. In his hometown, he seemed gentle and obedient, as if he could not speak. In court, I am good at talking, but a little cautious; In the imperial court, when the monarch was away, Kan Kan talked with officials at the same level with confidence; Speak kindly to your superiors; The monarch came, respectful and uneasy, and cautious.
■ Don't give up day and night: it means that time keeps passing.
Confucius has a strong sense of time. He once sighed by the river: "The deceased is like a husband, and he will not give up day and night." It means that time is gone forever! Like that river that runs day and night!
Time is like running water, so we must cherish it. Confucius is famous in history because he knows that time is wealth!
■ Do not pick up the remains: describe the good social atmosphere and good morality.
Confucius served as several officials in Lu, and during his reign, the politics of Lu improved greatly: selling things without bargaining; If you drop something, don't panic. Everyone has his own personality and refuses to answer it.
■ Entering the classroom: indicates that it has reached a certain level or received special guidance from the teacher.
Luz, a disciple of Confucius, is very brave. One day, he played the harp in Confucius' house, and his voice was murderous, which violated Confucius' taboo-benevolence. Confucius naturally didn't like it, and it was not convenient to attack. He said discontentedly: "Lutz's ability to play the harp has reached the hall, but he has not yet entered the inner room." Why does he play the harp in my house? " Boring! "As soon as Confucius' disciples heard that Old Master Q was dissatisfied with Lutz, they immediately changed their views and attitudes towards Lutz and despised him more and more.
Two revelations: it is best to be quiet in other people's homes;
For the boss, you should know how to do what you like!
■ Hearsay: generally refers to unfounded rumors.
Confucius said, "Listen to his words and abandon his virtue."
It means: it is unacceptable to listen to some unfounded words on the road and spread them irresponsibly on the road.
There are many similar things that have been seriously turned around. In fact, these rumors are full of loopholes. As long as you think about it and check it carefully, you can see what's wrong. However, many people believe it and enjoy it. Are we too fragile and credulous, or are we too easy to incite emotions in the network? Be alert!
■ Angry and forgetting to eat: describe studying hard and working hard.
There was a man named Yin in the State of Chu. He asked Confucius' disciples to talk about his views on Confucius. Disciple was careless and didn't say a word, so County Yin had to leave angrily. When Confucius learned of this, he was very unhappy and complained: Why didn't you say: My teacher is a good scholar, and he never forgets to eat. The disciple immediately understood and said with shame, "Teacher, I am confused. Now I finally understand. Whoever asks me again in the future, I will answer according to the teacher's instructions. " Confucius smiled happily when he was comfortable. "Good, good, good."
As the saying goes, wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley, but Confucius knows how to blow it at the right time. It is really an example for us to learn!
Drumming: describes people who condemn crimes.
Ran Qiu, a disciple of Confucius, worked in North Korea and was going to try out the new law and ask Confucius for advice. Confucius happened to be on the conservative side, so he was very angry. He scolded Jean A Qiu like a dog. Ran Qiu insisted on his own reform again and again, so Confucius issued a killing order to all his disciples: Ran Qiu is not my disciple, so attack him together! "[[The Analects of Confucius. Advanced articles]] "Oh, it's not my apprentice, it's the boy who can beat the drums!
Wow, many hands make light work. Since ancient times, there have been more people than there are, and the style of bullying and being afraid of hard work has long been stereotyped.
How is your social relationship? Are you hard backstage? Do you have many friends? If not, you must be careful and live a completely clean life!
■ Bullying the weak with the strong: bullying the weak with the strong.
Zhiyan, the leader of the slave uprising, was called a thief by the literati. Confucius wanted to persuade the thief to take the right path, so he dared to go to him. Unexpectedly, he was insulted by the thief, which made Confucius blind, pale and ashamed! Come on, people who are tired of Confucius have the opportunity to scold with the hero who stole their feet:
"You die master, you don't work, but you eat well, but you don't spin. You rap all day, make trouble, confuse the monarch and ministers all over the world, and make false behaviors of honoring your parents and caring for your brothers. In order to get a seal and get wealth, you will be the biggest thief in the world. After the rise of Yao and Shun, you made a hundred ministers, demoted the monarch, and Zhou Wuwang killed Shang and Zhou. Since then, society has been bullying the weak. you
Why do people in the world call me a thief instead of calling you a thief? You sinful man, come back quickly, otherwise, I will use your liver to add food and wine! "
■ The master's hill: a metaphor for not knowing famous people around you.
The famous mountain in Shandong, the hometown of Confucius, has been known to almost everyone for thousands of years. However, when he was alive, he was not so famous. It is said that there lived an old man to the west of Confucius, but he was not a big shot in the neighborhood. Every time I mention Confucius, I will call him by his first name and say how he is my boss's hill. 5438+0, Meng Mu moved three times.
Mencius' mother moved three times for him to have a good study environment.
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This idiom comes from Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang: "Zhong Ni (Confucius) said: The initiator has no future! It is also used by its image. "
During the Warring States Period, Mencius and Liang talked about the way of governing the country. Mencius asked Liang, "Is there a difference between killing with a stick and killing with a knife?"
Liang replied, "There is no difference."
Mencius asked again, "What is the difference between killing with a knife and killing with politics?"
Liang said to him, "It's no different."
Mencius went on to say, "Now there is a lot of fat in Wang's kitchen, and there are strong horses in the stable, but the people are starving, and some people are lying in the wild." This is an organ that attracts animals to eat people! Think about it, king. Even if animals eat each other, it's disgusting. How can those in power lead wild animals to eat people be good parents of ordinary people? Confucius once said that those who first used figurines (ancient puppets or clay figurines that buried the dead) had no children and grandchildren! You see, you still can't bury it with a humanoid earth doll. How can people starve to death alive? "
According to Confucius' phrase "the initiator, there is nothing behind it", later generations call "the initiator" an idiom, meaning the first person who does bad things, or the initiator of bad atmosphere.
3. The pot is too black, and the pot is too black.
During the Warring States period, the vassal states all adopted the strategy of uniting the horizontal, making distant friends and attacking near.
This war has been going on for many years, and people all over the world have suffered greatly. Mencius saw it and decided to travel around the world to persuade the belligerent monarchs. Mencius came to Liang State to meet the belligerent Liang. Liang said to Mencius: "I tried my best to govern the country and care for the people, but I didn't see the increase of the people." What is the reason? "
Mencius replied: "I will take war as an analogy!" When the armies of the two sides meet on the battlefield, it is inevitable that there will be a war. As a result of the battle, the defeated party will inevitably abandon its helmet and armor and flee for life. If a soldier runs slowly and only runs 50 steps, he will laugh at the soldier who runs 100 step because he is afraid of death. "
Mencius finished the story and asked Liang, "Is this right?" Liang immediately said, "Of course not!" Mencius said, "Although they love the people and like to use troops, the people will suffer. This is the same as fifty steps. "
Idioms refer to people who laugh at a small defeat. However, "pot calling the kettle black" is used to describe different practices, but the essence is the same.
One day in the sun and one day in the cold-work hard for one day and do nothing for ten days.
During the Warring States period, a hundred schools of thought contended and lobbied vigorously. The average lobbyist is not only knowledgeable, but also has profound and vivid metaphors to satirize and persuade the rulers, which is the most prominent. Mencius was also a famous debater. In the first article of Mencius, Gao Zi, there is such a record:
Mencius was dissatisfied with Qi Wang's fatuity, lack of perseverance and credulity of slanders, so he said to him rudely, "Qi Wang is so unwise. Although there is a living creature in the world, you expose it to the sun for one day and freeze it in a cold place for ten days. It is still alive there! " "My time with the king is very short. Even if the king has a little determination to do good, as soon as I leave you, those traitors will come to trick you and you will listen to them. What should I do? " Based on this, he made a vivid analogy: "Playing chess seems trivial, but if you don't concentrate, you won't win if you don't learn well. Qiu Yi is the best chess player in the country. He taught two apprentices, one devoted himself to listening to Qiu Yi's guidance everywhere; The other is always afraid of the arrival of a big swan and prepares to shoot the goose with an arrow. Both apprentices were taught by a master and studied together, but the latter's grades were far from each other. It is not that their intelligence is different, but that their concentration is different. " This is a very instructive story. If we want to learn something and do it well, we must concentrate on it and work hard. If you do something today, forget it and do it for ten days the next day, how can you do it well? Success in learning and doing things is also one of the decisive factors, so later people will say Mencius? Quot The idiom "one day's violence, ten days' cold" boils down to "one day's violence, ten days' cold", which is used to describe a saying that learning and doing things are not persistent and unpredictable. For example, a classmate is very casual about learning, so he has less time to study and more time to waste. So we say: What can he learn from this self-destructive approach?
(2) Take the lead in expectation: "If there are people who are not addicted to killing, everyone in the world will take the lead in expectation." (Liang) Interpretation: If there is a monarch who is not easy to be killed, then people all over the world will cran their necks and look forward to his rescue.
(3) Gentleman's Far Kitchen: "It's Gentleman's Far Kitchen." (Liang Huiwang) Interpretation: This is why the monarch put the kitchen away from himself.
(4) Good at observation: "If you see the end of autumn clearly enough, but you can't see your salary, what about Wang Xu?" (Liang) Interpretation: My eyesight can clearly see the fine hair of autumn birds, but I can't see a car full of firewood in front.
(5) Carrying Mount Tai across the North Sea: "Carrying Mount Tai across the North Sea, people say,' I can't.' No, I can't. "(Liang Huiwang) Interpretation: I jumped over the North Sea with Mount Tai and said to people," I can't do this. "It's really impossible.
(6) Seek fish by the edge of the wood: "If you want to get what you want, you should seek fish by the edge of the wood." Interpretation: Satisfying your desire in this way is like climbing a tree to catch fish.
(7) Being outnumbered: "Being outnumbered, being outnumbered." (Liang) Interpretation: A country with a small population cannot be an enemy of a country with a large population, and a weak country cannot be an enemy of a strong country.
(8) having fun with the people: "There is nothing here but having fun with the people." ("Liang Huiwang") Interpretation: For nothing else, just to entertain the people.
(9) Enjoy the world and worry about the world: "Enjoy the world and worry about the world. If you are not a gentleman, you will have nothing." ("King Hui of Liang") Interpretation: Everyone in the world is blessed and shared, so that the whole world can't submit to him. (Note: Fan Zhongyan's famous sentence "Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world" is here)
(10) About him from left to right: "Wang Gu talks about him from left to right." (Liang) Interpretation: The King of Qi turned his head, looked around and led the topic elsewhere.
(1 1) is in dire straits: "If the water is deeper and the fire is hotter, there is only luck." Interpretation: If the people of Yan suffered more from fire and water (referring to a deeper disaster), it was just that the rulers changed from Yan to Qi.
(12) Save the people from fire and water: "Now Yan abuses his people, so Suo Luozheng will do it. People thought they would save themselves from the mire and eat the meat in the pot to welcome Julian Waghann. " (Liang Huiwang) Explanation: Now the monarch of Yan abuses the people. If you attack him, the people there think you are trying to save them from dire straits, so they all welcome your troops with dry rice in baskets and wine pulp in jars.
(13): "Today, Yan abused his people, and Solo Zheng did it. People think they will save themselves from the mire and eat the pulp in the kettle to welcome Julian Waghann. " (Liang Huiwang) Explanation: Now the monarch of Yan abuses the people. If you attack him, the people there think you are trying to save them from dire straits, so they all welcome your troops with dry rice in baskets and wine pulp in jars.
(14) renege: "Stop it! If it doesn't matter to you, it won't matter to you. " (Liang) Interpretation: Be alert, be alert! How you treat others, others will repay you.
(15) Xie Min's suspense: "At present, the country of Wancheng is benevolent, and the people enjoy it, which is still suspense." (Gong Sunchou) Interpretation: At this time, a big country with 10,000 personnel carriers implemented benevolent policies, and the happiness of ordinary people seemed to be upside down.
(16) Get twice the result with half the effort: "People with ancient stories will get twice the result with half the effort, only at this time." (Gong Sunchou) Interpretation: Therefore, "getting twice the result with half the effort" is only possible in this era.
(17) Specific and implicit: "Ran Niu, Min Zi and Yan Yuan are specific and implicit." Interpretation: Ran Niu, Min Zi and Yan Yuan are generally close to Confucius, but not as profound as him.
(18) Outstanding: "Out of class, out of class, out of class, out of class, out of class, out of class, out of class, out of class, out of class, out of class, out of class. (Gong Sunchou) Interpretation: Saints are far beyond their classes and far above their groups. Since the beginning of mankind, there is nothing greater than Confucius.
(19) Be completely convinced: "Those who serve others with virtue are completely convinced." Interpretation: Only when people rely on morality to make them obey will they be completely convinced.
(20) Return to self-seeking: "If you miss it, you won't blame yourself, but ask for more happiness." (Gong Sunchou) Interpretation: (Archery) Missed, don't blame someone better than yourself, just ask yourself.
(2 1) Being kind to others: "Being kind to others means being kind to others." Interpretation: To absorb the advantages of others and do good by yourself is to do good with others.
(22) More than enough: "I have no official duties and no complaints. Then I will advance and retreat. Isn't it more than enough? " Interpretation: I have neither a fixed position nor the responsibility to make suggestions. Isn't my behavior generous enough to have unlimited room for manoeuvre?
(23) Complaining about others: "A gentleman does not complain about others." ("Gong Sun Chou") Interpretation: A gentleman does not complain about the sky or others.
(24) This time, that time: "That time, this time also." (Gong Sunchou) Interpretation: It was another era, and now it is another era.
(25) Who else besides me: "Who else in the world today besides me?" (Gong Sunchou) Interpretation: In today's society, who else but me?
(26) Rich without mercy: "Rich without mercy, benevolent without wealth." (Teng Wengong) Interpretation: If you want to be rich, you can't be good; if you want to be good, you can't be rich.
(27) Parents' orders, matchmaker's words: "Without waiting for parents' orders, matchmaker's words make you look at each other and climb over the wall, then parents are mean." Interpretation (Teng Wengong): If you drill a hole and crack the door to spy on each other and climb over the wall to go to a private meeting without waiting for your parents to talk and without being introduced by the matchmaker, then your parents and the public will despise him.
(28) Traitor: "Confucius became the Spring and Autumn Annals, and traitors were afraid." (Teng Wengong) Interpretation: When Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Period, only rebellious courtiers and unfilial sons were afraid.
(29) Self-destruction: "Self-destruction, not by words; People who give up on themselves can't make a difference. " ("Li Lou") Interpretation: People who harm themselves cannot talk to him about valuable words; People who give up on themselves can't achieve valuable career with them.
(30) The reputation of security: "There is a reputation for security, and there is a ruin." (Li Lou) Interpretation: There are unexpected praises and excessive slanders.
(3 1) Be a good teacher: "The trouble with people is to be a good teacher." (Li Lou) Explanation: The problem for people is that they like being other people's teachers.
(32) Why do you say this: "Sir, why do you say this?" (Li Lou) Interpretation: Why did the teacher say such a thing?
(33) There are three kinds of unfilial, and no empress is the greatest: "There are three kinds of unfilial, and no empress is the greatest." (Li Lou) Interpretation: There are three kinds of unfilial parents, of which childless is the biggest.
(34) Dance: "Born to be evil, you can dance with the dissatisfied." (Li Lou) Interpretation: Once happiness happens, it cannot be stopped. If you can't stop, you will dance unconsciously.
(35) Not too much: "Zhong Ni is not too much." (Li Lou) Interpretation: Confucius is a man who never goes too far.
(36) Both sides meet the source: "If you are senior, take the left and right." ("Li Lou") Interpretation: The accumulated weight is hard to return, and it is inexhaustible.
(37) Day and night: "Think about it day and night." (Li Lou) Interpretation: Raise your head and think. You can't think about it during the day and think about it at night.
(38) Self-pity: "Three years, Tai Jia repents and feels sorry for himself." (Zhang Wan) Interpretation: Three years later, Tai Jia repented, resented himself and repented himself. (Ai, Yi Yin)
(39) Prophecy: "Born this people, we will be aware before we know, and we will be aware before we feel." (Zhang Wan) Interpretation: God gave birth to man, that is, he had foresight and made those who knew later realize.
(40) Masterpiece: "Masterpiece, Jin Sheng Yu Zhen also." (Zhang Wan) Interpretation: "Mastery" means, for example, playing music, first knocking the bowl bell, and finally closing the beam with special music, just like the beginning and the end.
(4 1) disrespect: "disrespect is disrespect. What? " (Zhang Wan) Interpretation: (As the saying goes) "It is disrespectful to refuse other people's gifts again and again." Why?
(42) Killing people and passing goods: "Killing people and passing goods, people are not afraid of death, and people are unwilling." ("Zhang Wan") Interpretation: ("Shang Kang Shu Patent") said, "There is no one who does not hate killing people for money and is not afraid of death."
(43) Prosperity: "Cattle and sheep prosper." (Zhang Wan) Interpretation: (Confucius used to be a small official in charge of livestock), he said: "Cattle and sheep have grown sturdily."
(44) Knowing people and discussing the world: "Is it ok to praise his poems and read his books without knowing his people?" It is based on its world. "("Zhang Wan ") Interpretation: Can you recite their poems, study their works, and people who don't know them? So we should discuss their time.
(45) One violent (general) and ten cold: "Although there are things that are easy to live in the world, if it is violent for one day and cold for ten days, no one can live." Interpretation: Even if there is a plant that grows most easily, nothing can grow if it is exposed to the sun for one day and cooled for ten days.
(46) Concentrate: "Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play, one person to concentrate on playing, and Qiu Yi is listening." Interpretation: If Qiu Yi (a chess player) is asked to teach two people to play chess, one of them will be single-minded and only listen to Qiu Yi.
(47) Give up one's life for righteousness: "You can't have both, and those who give up one's life for righteousness also." Interpretation: If the two (life and righteousness) cannot be combined, we must sacrifice our lives and need righteousness.
(48) A drop in the ocean: "It is better to save a drop in the ocean with a drop in the ocean." Interpretation of "Gao Zi": Nowadays, it seems that all benevolent people use a glass of water to save a car full of firewood (in this way, even a little benevolence that they have implemented will disappear).
(49) Make friends again: "People in our alliance make friends after they have formed an alliance." Interpretation: Our old friendship was completely restored after all the people who participated in the alliance made a covenant.
(50) Begging for neighbors: "Today my son was born as a neighbor." Interpretation: Now you let the water flow to neighboring countries.
(5 1) Saixixi does not observe: "Do without observing, learn without observing." Interpretation: I did this, but I didn't understand its course; I'm used to it but I don't know why.
(52) Independence: "If you are poor, you will be independent, and if you are up to it, you will help the world." ("Dedicated") Interpretation: If you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are proud, you will help the world.
(53) It goes without saying: "If it is applied to four bodies, the four bodies are self-evident." ("Dedicated") Interpretation: (Gentleman's nature, benevolence, courtesy and wisdom) As for the limbs, the movements of the limbs need not be spoken, and others can see them at a glance. "
(54) cited but not issued: "a gentleman cited but not issued, and acted recklessly." ("Dedicated") Interpretation: A gentleman (teaching others to be a shooter) opens his bow without firing an arrow.
(55) Love people and things: "Kiss people, kiss people, kiss people, kiss people." ("Dedicated") Interpretation: A gentleman loves the person he loves, so he loves the people; Therefore, caring for the people cherishes everything.
(56) Urgent business: "It is imperative for those who know everything." (Dedication) Interpretation: A wise man has nothing to know, but he is anxious about the important work in front of him. A benevolent person loves everything, and he must love his relatives first.
(57) A letter is better than no book: "A letter is better than no book." Interpretation: I totally believe in Shangshu, so it is better not to have Shangshu.
(58) This is a sudden prologue: "The path of the mountain is a path that is used occasionally; Plug it if you don't need it. " ("Dedication") Interpretation: The path on the hillside is only a little wide, and it becomes a road when you walk often; As long as you don't leave it for a while, it will be blocked by thatch again.
(59) Close words are far-reaching: "Those who are close to words are far-reaching, and those who are kind." Interpretation: Concise but meaningful words are "kind words".
(60) Go with the flow: "Same as popular customs, in line with the world." ("Dedication") Interpretation: (This kind of person) is in cahoots, (so he is a thief who harms morality).