Keywords kindergarten line drawing teaching guidance strategy
Line drawing is the oldest and most primitive painting method of human beings. It is an important part of painting art to describe the shape and structure of objects with various lines. Children's line drawing is a kind of children's fine art painting method which uses single line and monochrome to depict objects, and it is also the most basic and easy to express painting method for children.
Paul klee, a German artist, once famously said, "Walking with a thread" expressed the painter's delicate feelings, and at the same time revealed rich lines, leaving us unlimited imagination. In today's children's painting field, line drawing teaching has increasingly become a hot spot for many teachers to carry out painting teaching. So how to teach line drawing well? Teachers need to master the psychological and physiological characteristics of children's painting; Step by step, the complex and profound knowledge of point, line and surface is internalized into the most common, commonly used and easily understood content, and various forms of line drawing teaching activities are carried out. Only in this way can we better explore the ways of children's artistic creation by using elements such as points, lines and planes, help children better express their inner feelings through line drawing, and further promote the overall improvement of children's aesthetic qualities such as observation, memory, imagination and creativity.
First, understand and respect children's learning characteristics:
1. Age characteristics of small-class children: small-class children are in the graffiti period, and the observation characteristics of things are that they have no intention to pay attention to the dominant position, have no clear purpose, and the observation is general and random; In modeling, it can not show the basic structure and characteristics of the object, but shows a typical messy style. In the period of children's graffiti, they can daub some blocks with some scattered points and lines, which is the initial visual imagination symbol of children, that is, generalized line drawing.
2. Age characteristics of middle-class children: Middle-class children are in the transitional stage from graffiti period to symbol period. Children in this period have certain performance skills and desires, and their observation, memory, imagination and creativity are in a good development period. Their cognitive ability to things is strengthened, and they gradually get rid of graffiti. They can connect simple lines and shapes with objects to express their understanding, and they can distinguish the size, up and down, left and right positions of things, thus enhancing their creative purpose.
3. Age characteristics of children in large classes: children in large classes are interested in further development, prefer to pay attention to the relationship between things, be able to grasp the overall structure and some subtle features and changes, improve hand-eye coordination, be able to use different tools and materials flexibly to create, and have a strong desire to create.
Second, close to the child's nearest development area, choose the teaching objectives and contents that are conducive to the child's development;
Our line drawing teaching should follow the ideas advocated in the Regulations on Kindergarten Work and the Outline, respect children's spirit, conform to children's development and support their growth. We can set the following goals according to the development level of children's painting ability at all ages:
Small class objectives:
1. Appreciate and perceive what line drawing is.
2. Knowing the names of several lines, you can boldly doodle with lines.
3. Be able to express what you are interested in in in a controlled way in the form of line drawing.
4. Being able to express things simply with one line.
Mid-shift goal:
1. Appreciate and perceive various forms of line drawing expression, and be able to boldly express your understanding of the work.
2. Be able to use the basic knowledge of points and lines to simply combine and express things.
3. Learn to decorate with stippling, division, arrangement, flat painting and combination.
3. boldly use line drawing to describe what you like.
Major objectives:
1. By appreciating the line-drawing works, you can boldly express your understanding and feelings about the works.
2. Learn to decorate by adding, repeating, deforming and imagining.
3. Use the method of combining point, line and surface skillfully.
4. Be able to create boldly, try various painting methods and paint with your partner.
As far as line drawing is concerned, the picture is more intensive and exaggerated, while children's paintings are more casual and loose. Therefore, when choosing the teaching content of line drawing, teachers need children to be familiar with and love it, and provide things that children like in their lives, such as mouse cages, fences, mom's curly hair, scarves, pomegranates, vases, curtains, the sun, the moon, stars, butterflies, birds, flowers, leaves, hills and houses, to encourage children to be bold.
Third, carry out various forms of line drawing activities.
Painting activities not only need to reflect the process of children's full expression of their intentions and imagination, but also need teachers' ingenious inspiration and guidance to help children internalize the requirements of line drawing into the cultivation of knowledge, experience and various abilities. Teachers need to develop line drawing activities in a variety of ways according to children's development.
(1) Pay attention to the educational significance of the environment and enrich children's perceptual knowledge of the artistic charm of line drawing.
1. Return to children's life: lead children to observe the lines in life and help them understand the concepts of various lines, because observation is the basis of creation, and children need to have an intuitive perception of objects, which is also the basis of children's expression and creation. For example, observing dead branches in winter, webs woven by spiders under the eaves, willows swaying in the spring breeze, and staggered wires all bring children the enjoyment of beauty, lead them into nature, observe and discover various lines with their own eyes, and have practical feelings and experiences about the surrounding lines, broadening their horizons and enriching their visual impressions.
2. Enhance aesthetic feelings: create a perceptual aesthetic environment, provide appreciation elements for children, and provide line drawings with different styles and contents by using kindergarten corridors, corridors, theme walls, art corners and other walls to stimulate children's curiosity and thirst for knowledge and stimulate their motivation to create line drawings.
3. Listen to the children's voices. For adults, painting skills must be many laws beyond abstraction and real life, and it is the study of abstract concepts, but for children, its meaning is completely different. The study of any expression method can not be separated from the explanation of life experience. Only after children have accumulated a lot of experience can they use their own explanations to obtain the abstract concept of innocence and form their own skills. In the appreciation activity "Dancing Line" organized by Miro, the teacher led the children to gradually discuss "saying lines-finding lines-drawing lines", and all the links were naturally linked. Finally, the children drew dancing lines in their hearts. Art appreciation activities are closely related to children's emotional experience, rather than leaving children's living situation. Artists should be introduced in isolation. Teachers should listen to children's thoughts, affirm children's ways of expression, lead children to gradually feel the strange beauty brought by line combination, and lay a certain foundation for children to express things creatively.
(2) Stimulate children's interest in learning and broaden their creative thinking.
1, the game runs through the activity: often use "line baby to find friends!" "How much do you know about line babies?" "How do line babies line up?" "Arc baby and sawtooth baby hand in hand!" Chinese teaching pays attention to children's views and stimulates children's interest in learning. Various activities can better stimulate children's creative motivation: for example, small class "mouse hole" activities encourage children to lock teachers in linear dense mouse holes; In the middle class, children walk on the road they designed. The children in the big class imagine their favorite lines as a wonderful fairy tale world in the change of lines.
2. Provide a variety of tool materials: such as "pens", which can provide writing brushes, toothpicks, cotton swabs, chopsticks, straws, ropes, habits, balls, etc. Provide "paper" with different shapes and textures to enrich the expressive force of line drawing, such as rice paper, newspapers, cardboard, paper plates, umbrellas, gourds, shoe boxes, boxes, stones, fans, bottles and so on. Rich materials provide a space for children to explore, and children are easily attracted by these novel materials, which helps to enhance their interest, stimulate their active exploration and thinking, and then stimulate their desire to create and express.
3. Change the way of painting: try painting alone, working in pairs, working in groups, etc. For example, "Underwater World" and "Butterfly Ball" are all suitable themes, and flexible forms of activities also try new and enjoyable creations for children in a free and casual way, which can not only show their picturesque "heart" without restraint, but also help children to cooperate, communicate and enjoy.
4. Encourage children to create with different expressions.
Teachers can flexibly guide children to learn and use different line drawing methods to express their favorite things by running games through activities according to the reality of children in this class:
Stippling: It is a method to decorate with dots of different shapes and different arrangements. Guide children to observe and discover points with different sizes and shapes in life, and enrich their understanding of points.
Segmentation method: when a child gets a painting, he first divides the picture of what he wants to decorate into several parts with lines, which reduces the area of decoration and is convenient for later decoration. This method is mainly to avoid the possibility that children want to decorate the border of an object, but they can't start. Segmentation method can imagine a painting as a big cake, and guide children to carry out straight line segmentation, diagonal segmentation, cross segmentation, irregular segmentation and so on. While doing segmentation exercises, remind children that the segmentation part should not be too small, which is not conducive to the later decoration.
Arrangement: There are many kinds of lines, such as straight lines, diagonal lines, curves, wavy lines, telephone lines, zigzag lines ..... but no matter what kind of lines, you can practice them through good friends' games. For example, A Good Friend plays games. The main purpose is to let children practice single line, horizontal, vertical, oblique and dense arrangement; "Two Good Friends" and "Three Good Friends" practice two or more lines in the same way. Practice horizontal, vertical, oblique, dense and combined arrangement, because fewer lines are sparse and more lines are dense. Dense lines feel deep and solid in the picture, while sparse lines feel shallow and empty. Through practice, let the children know how many lines there are, how thick and thin they are, and the arrangement effect is different.
Flat painting method: The purpose is to let children practice black and white tones in routine painting. Children can be guided to weave fabrics into single-line plaid, horizontal diagonal plaid, diagonal plaid, straight cross plaid, diagonal cross plaid and other patterns with the help of the game of "plaid factory".
Combination method: when children have a certain foundation on the basis of decoration, they can try to combine points, lines and surfaces into simple patterns for decoration. For example, in the "beautiful plate" activity, make your favorite points, lines and surfaces more beautiful.
Deformation. Such as: the deformation of small fish, flowers and caterpillars.
Imagination: After appreciating the master's paintings, such as "Dancing Lines" by Milo, guide children to play hand in hand with lines, express creatively, and generate "changing lines" in line imagination painting activities.
In online painting activities, constantly enriching painting forms can stimulate children's creative expression motivation. For example, the "mouse hole" activity in small classes encourages children to lock their teachers in linear dense mouse holes; In the middle class, children walk on the road they designed. The children in the big class imagine their favorite lines as a wonderful fairy tale world in the change of lines.
(3) Attach importance to children's emotional experience and provide more opportunities for children to express themselves freely by combining various evaluation methods.
The development of children's drawing ability is a continuous process. Teaching evaluation is an important part of a complete learning process. In artistic activities, evaluation is the stage for children to rediscover beauty. Learning to evaluate can help children complete art activities better according to their own practice, thus enhancing the initiative of learning, helping children improve on the original basis and truly promoting their development on the original level. James, an American psychologist, said: Teachers should provide children with as many opportunities for free expression as possible, respect each child's ideas and creations, encourage children to express their feelings and understanding boldly, affirm their bold imagination and their own progress, and guide children to communicate with each other, appreciate each other and improve together. The evaluation of line drawing teaching is a process of cultivating children's aesthetic ability, and of course it is also a process of children experiencing innovative fun, which plays a decisive role in the whole teaching process. It is an indispensable growth stage in children's art learning process, and it is extremely necessary to realize the value and goal of art activities. When children make a painting independently after some efforts, they are eager for recognition and praise from others. Therefore, evaluating children's works will greatly promote their enthusiasm for learning and aesthetic consciousness in the future. Therefore, the evaluation of line drawing should pay more attention to children's emotional experience and provide children with more opportunities for free expression.
1, self-evaluation. Organize children to introduce their works to everyone, tell the content of their paintings and the meaning they express. When children encounter difficulties in telling, teachers will give appropriate guidance.
2. He commented. Guide children to observe and appreciate famous works, discuss famous works, understand different information in the works, and talk about their different feelings, so as to realize the aesthetic feeling and improve children's evaluation ability and aesthetic consciousness.
3. mutual evaluation. Children's thoughts and emotions are interlinked, and their works are most easily felt and understood by friends, which is a dynamic process. Can guide children to evaluate each other's works and discuss what they like? Why? Encourage children to share with each other in various ways.
In an activity, a variety of evaluation methods can be used to guide children to realize the sense of self-satisfaction brought by artistic creation, enhance self-confidence, accumulate painting experience and establish a strong and lasting learning motivation for learning art. Teachers should fully affirm children's works and ideas and give positive responses during the evaluation process. However, encouragement should be "moderate" and children should not be praised or urged blindly. They should look at their children from a developmental perspective, not only to understand their current level, but also to pay attention to their growth, so that every child can feel their own success and development.