During the Spring and Autumn Period, Liu Guo Guan Zhong called propriety, justice, honesty and shame the "four dimensions" of the country. He believes that "courtesy" means not exceeding the due degree, that is, thoughts and behaviors cannot exceed moral norms; "Righteousness" means that you don't recommend yourself, even if your thoughts and actions conform to moral standards; "Honesty" means not hiding your shortcomings and mistakes, that is, being honest and not greedy; "Shame" means not being with dishonest people, that is, knowing shame. He believes that "courtesy, justice, honesty and shame" are more important than laws, and regards them as the four pillars to support the national building. "History of the Five Dynasties" Feng Dao said: "Courtesy, justice and shame are the four dimensions of the country; If the four dimensions don't open, the country will die. " Good at managing students! Etiquette and righteousness are the road to governing people; Honesty, shame, the great festival of establishing people. Cheap, don't cover, take everything, don't feel ashamed, do everything. If people do this, they will lose everything and do whatever it takes. If you are a minister and do your best, there will be no chaos in the world and there will be no survivors in the country. But among the four, shame is particularly important, so the scholar said, "There is shame in doing things." Mencius said, "One should not be shameless. Shameless, shameless. " He said: "People are shameless! There is no shame in being smart. " Therefore, if people are not cheap, they will violate etiquette and commit righteousness, all out of shame. Therefore, the shamelessness of scholar-officials is a national shame. Rulers and thinkers of past dynasties, when faced with the heavy responsibility of governing the country and the people, first thought of the measures of governing the country and the people: "courtesy, righteousness, honesty, shame, the four dimensions of the country." Politeness and respect for appropriate attitudes and behaviors; Justice and justice; Cheap, not greedy, not dirty, pure and noble; Shame, shame for improper words and deeds. "Courtesy and integrity, the four dimensions of the country; If the four dimensions don't open, the country will die. " This is the eternal famous saying of Guan Zhong, a generation of talented people who revitalized Qi and achieved hegemony 2,700 years ago. In Guan Zhong's view, honesty is a great festival to establish people. If you don't make it cheap, you will take everything. If you are shameless, you will do anything. If people do this, they are ruined, ruined. However, in fact, it is far from easy to cultivate the quality of honesty. As the opposite of honesty, corruption is accompanied by private ownership and class society. It is a chronic disease that has plagued the regimes of various dynasties since ancient times. Mr. Wang Yanan said: The life of bureaucrats in ancient China was a corrupt life. He added: The twenty-four histories of ancient China are actually a history of corruption. [1] Although the reasons for the demise of each dynasty are not exactly the same, they can't escape the cycle of rise and fall: from the early stage of the dynasty, we attached great importance to the anti-corruption struggle, to the gradual relaxation of the anti-corruption system after the middle stage of the dynasty, to the end of the dynasty when corruption prevailed, and then to the new dynasty to start a new cycle from scratch. There are only a handful of honest and self-sustaining officials. "Looking through the twenty-four histories, people will understand that there are only dozens of honest officials in name only. Zhang Dai, an outstanding writer and historian in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, counted his fingers for a long time in the seventh' Incorruptible Class' of Night Sailing, and only found forty honest officials. "