Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "We usually write for practical needs. Every good article has a reason.
I have an experience and a meaning, which I think is somewhat different from the ordinary experience and meaning, or relatively fresh or particularly profound, and it is worth writing down as a record of my personal life ... Otherwise, there are several or most people in my heart, and because of their relationship, I want to confide my experience and meaning to them. To this end, the author will write an article. The former is for oneself, and the latter is for others. In short, it's not a pen-and-ink game. Do nothing. "
The essence of composition lies in expression and communication, that is, expressing oneself, touching and influencing others. The new requirements of composition teaching in primary schools are as follows: (1) Students are encouraged to draw up their own questions and write less propositional compositions.
Advocate writing simple research articles. (2) In terms of the source of exercises, in addition to the documentary composition, it is also required to incorporate imaginary composition into the teaching plan and encourage students to write imaginary things.
(3) In terms of composition style, it is required to be eclectic, dilute the style of writing, and flexibly use narrative, explanation, discussion, lyric and other expressions. (4) In the exercise guidance, whether conceiving, conceiving, choosing words and making sentences, we all need to broaden our thinking, express freely and develop our thinking ability of seeking differences.
(5) In the evaluation of homework, it is required to encourage creative expression, so that students can learn from each other through self-revision and mutual revision, promote cooperation and mutual understanding, and form the habit of independent thinking. From the essential meaning of writing and the new requirements of composition teaching, we can see that composition teaching is not a closed personal system, but an open social system.
In order to seek the breakthrough of composition teaching reform and improve the efficiency of composition teaching, we must establish a "big composition teaching view" and implement open composition teaching. In modern Chinese, one of the meanings of the word "opening" is "lifting the blockade, prohibition and restriction".
Open composition teaching is put forward in view of the previous "closed" writing teaching. Open composition teaching refers to creating a relaxed learning environment in the process of composition teaching, beginning to let go of students' hands and feet, reducing the constraints on students' writing and promoting students' free and creative expression. To provide students with a broad space for the integration of disciplines, schools and families, society, nature and students' actual needs, fully respect and trust every student, let them gallop freely in the all-round open space of composition teaching, and comprehensively improve their Chinese literacy.
The connotation core of open composition teaching is "for the development of every student". It includes the openness of composition content, composition form, composition correction and composition evaluation.
1. The open writing of composition content is based on life at first, but also a way of life and a part of life. We use writing to record life, experience life, enrich life, enjoy life, analyze ourselves, express ourselves, develop ourselves and improve ourselves. Writing is the need of students' real life.
The openness of composition content means enriching students' lives and letting them gradually learn to explore the source of writing. The specific methods are: (1) Go to nature and observe the natural scenery.
Crusca said that in most cases, students can't observe at all. It can be said that their eyes don't need to see and their ears don't need to hear. The teacher's task is to teach them to learn to watch and listen. Every year in spring, summer, autumn and winter, students are led to observe the natural scenery and the state of animals and plants in the wild in a purposeful and planned way.
Through purposeful observation, students have made new discoveries and a deeper understanding of what they usually don't notice, and their writing has specific contents. (2) Go to the society and know the society.
Teachers purposefully lead students to visit factories and interview people from all walks of life, so that every student can become a small reporter and conduct interview activities, so that the understanding of society can be changed from indirect to direct, and then there will be real feelings when writing. (3) Organize students to carry out activities.
Enrich after-school life, and let students feel and accumulate life by organizing picnics, clay sculptures, handicrafts, flying kites and other activities. (4) Carefully decorate the classroom to beautify students' life.
Open up plant horns and animal horns in class, so that students can observe the growth process of plants and understand the growth and change process of plants through the cultivation of plants; By raising animals, we can observe their life characteristics and understand their living habits. Such as raising silkworms and tadpoles.
(5) Hold a press conference. Students are often organized to introduce what they have seen and heard to their classmates, so as to cultivate students' concern for life and society, thus accumulating writing materials.
(6) Develop imaginative composition. Imaginative composition conforms to children's psychological characteristics and development law, can fully satisfy students' individual experience, and further deepen this experience, and finally make students active in thinking, keen in observation and rich in imagination.
Such as the composition "I in 2008". 2. The case of composition teaching provided by Nina Zalagsa, an American open educator, is worth learning: students are regarded as freelance writers (with few constraints and restrictions).
Let students write freely, grow freely like a tree and breathe freely like a flower. The openness of composition forms refers to the use of various writing forms to stimulate students' desire to write and express freely.
The specific methods are: (1) letter writing. Pan Ziyou once pointed out, "At present, the biggest problem in composition teaching in primary schools is that communication has no object and expression does not ask the actual needs of both sides."
In other words, writing training is carried out in the form of writing letters, because writing letters has a clear object to talk to, and it is easy to write true feelings and get information feedback in time. Receiving replies often excites students, and their writing enthusiasm is always in a state of excitement. (2) diary writing.
We should clearly realize that "classroom" is not the main position of composition teaching. Disperse the requirements of writing one composition after another into the writing of multiple diaries, which not only reduces the difficulty of writing, but also expands the source of writing materials.
(3) The composition is a manuscript. Publishing is a "successful" education in language learning, giving people a "peak experience".
2. Ask for a composition that clearly understands the performance and essence. This is the material I found, for reference only. Can be used in composition, search for some famous aphorisms. Apply it to the composition reasonably.
A border guard donated two kangaroos to a zoo in New Zealand. In order to breed more kangaroos, the garden consulted animal experts and then built a comfortable and spacious paddock. At the same time, the garden built a 1 meter-high fence to prevent kangaroos from jumping out and running away. Strangely, the next morning, city zoo found two kangaroos grazing outside the paddock. The garden thought the height of the fence was too low, so it raised the fence by 0.5 meters and thought there would be no problem. However, the same thing happened again the next day, and the kangaroo ran outside the fence again. Therefore, the administrator suggested that the garden increase the fence to 2 meters. But to the administrator's surprise, on the third morning, kangaroos were still not in the paddock, but grazing leisurely outside the fence.
The garden is puzzled. At this time, the giraffe in the paddock next door couldn't help asking one of the kangaroos, "How much do you think they will raise the fence tomorrow?"
The kangaroo smiled and replied, "It's hard to say, if they forgot to close the gate!" " "
Sales wisdom: the real philosophy of doing a good job in sales should be: don't simplify complex problems, let alone treat simple problems too complicated. If "closing the door" can solve the problem, don't move the fence.
3. See the essence of things clearly. The composition provides you with some ideas: the phenomenon of ability explanation is the external connection and superficial characteristics of things, and the essence of things is often reflected through appearances.
Every objective thing is a complex unity of various laws, which is manifested through colorful phenomena. When people come into contact with a thing, they always realize its colorful phenomena first, and get a perceptual knowledge of the whole thing from feeling, perception to appearance.
By analyzing the phenomenon of things, we can help us understand the essence of things. The strategic interpretation of the essence of things is contained in the phenomenon of things, which is often difficult to see at a glance; At the same time, its essence is also divided into depth or priority, which is not easy to grasp at once.
Therefore, before writing, we must carefully investigate and explore, and we must not make hasty judgments. 1. Distinguish right from wrong and observe things carefully.
For junior high school students, don't let go of trivial things in life when observing. If we can use our brains to discover the profound meaning through the trivial problems of sesame and mung beans, we can also get the excellent idea of "seeing the essence in the ordinary and seeing the big difference in the dust" 2. Master some methods and grasp the essence.
We should use the light of rational wisdom to make efforts to "shake the leaves to find the roots and trace the roots" to the observed appearances. Pay attention to the use of comparative methods to summarize the phenomena of things, discard the false and retain the true, discard the rough and retain the essence, and thus form a rational understanding of things from the outside to the inside, and then "rise" and "leap".
At the same time, pay attention to the dynamic analysis of the development process of things and explore the particularity of things in different stages of development. 3. Master some "theoretical weapons".
The phenomenon of things is complicated, and it is often difficult to distinguish between true and false. At the same time, the essence of things often has a process of gradual exposure and development. Therefore, it is not easy to understand the nature of things. This requires us to accumulate more at ordinary times, pay attention to the absorption and digestion of some dialectical materialism and historical materialism viewpoints in political textbooks, and also pay attention to the wonderful analysis in other theoretical books and articles.
In this way, bringing a little "theoretical weapon" into the examination room and using it appropriately according to the needs will often get good results. 4. Different styles have different ways to grasp the essence.
Narrative description is the main method of expression, and in the article, "going deep into the essence through phenomena" is generally reflected by discussion and lyric. Arguments and lyricism in narrative, although generally short in length, play a unique role in reflecting "going deep into the essence through phenomena".
For example, you can deepen the narrative content, which can appear at the end of the article or at the beginning of the article. Through it, emotions can also be sublimated. Whether it is lyricism with philosophy or discussion combined with lyricism, or giving the discussion a vivid and emotional color, the essential meaning of these contents can be revealed through narrative content.
Arguments in argumentative essays must "penetrate into the essence through phenomena" in order to be "profound and thorough". Therefore, the specific requirements are as follows: Argumentative essays should have profound philosophy and belong to appeal to reason. Argumentative writing should not only have correct and scientific theory, but also strive to be in-depth and practical, which can truly reveal the essence of things; There must also be careful argumentation, correct and scientific, but the reasons must be self-evident and self-evident. To understand, explain and promote the reasons, we must demonstrate, explain and prove them. Only through the author's careful argumentation can readers discover the depth, breadth and strength of truth and embody "going deep into the essence through phenomena"; It should also have strong persuasion, which is the essential goal of "going deep into the essence through phenomena", winning by reasoning, convincing people by reasoning, and convincing people by reasoning, so that readers can truly accept the "essence" revealed by the author.
In the final analysis, the core of the "essence" of things is "people's heart", that is, the ideological root of people. Any bad social phenomenon will eventually catch up with "selfishness" if it is pursued; Any good social phenomenon, if pursued, will certainly catch up with the "public interest."
For example, environmental problems seem to have nothing to do with "selfishness", but are actually human problems. Ask a few more "why" and you will find the root of the problem. Why does grassland decline? Is it because of overgrazing? Why do people overgrow? It is to meet people's growing demand for milk, cowhide and wool and make more money.
So the key to the problem is that people are getting greedy. It can be inferred from this that all acts of destroying the environment are aimed at satisfying people's greedy desires.
Therefore, everyone has an unshirkable responsibility for the destruction of the environment. Humans regard the environment that belongs to all life on this earth as a resource only for their own consumption.
If we can analyze this point, we will find the essence of the problem and the article will be very profound. You'd better write your own articles, and what others give you is either Baidu or sogou.
Here, I will give you an outline. Can be used as a reference. I hope you can use it.
4. Is there any composition about human nature? I am thinking about human nature, especially the national inferiority of China.
Mr. Lu Xun's exposition is endless. I have my opinion.
There is a saying in The Sacred Amethyst in the Southern Song Dynasty that "at the beginning of life, human nature is good", which shows that a newborn person is like this group of cadres, and he can strictly control the water that has come into contact with society. Even if it is clear water, he will be ashamed of himself, and will slowly relax and infiltrate. I thought I would get close to Liezi.
People in China have always been iron-willed, so occasionally there are people who lead an honest and clean life, but they are still very pure for decades after their birth. These extremely pure people are not immersed in water and are not accepted by society, so they are "rich and poor". This is the significance of the paper.
Many essays in miscellaneous newspapers and Wen Wei Po are refreshing to read, thinking that the author is really hateful. Actually, it's not. You should read it carefully. After reading it carefully, you can taste the author's own resentment-why I don't become an official.
If these people who scold officials suddenly get official positions, they will be as proud of officials as Li Bai. It's a pity that the official position is tight now, and it's not that these people who scold officials want to be officials, so they have to scold officials more and more.
At this point, Bu seems to be a very tired person lying in bed stretching and filling the cup. Contact for a long time, can't help but show it.
I also thought of the Confucian moderation and modesty that China people have always adhered to. Unfortunately, as a China person, you must first learn to be modest.
No matter how arrogant a person is at first, he should gradually become modest. Qian Zhongshu was enough at first, but he pitied his mentors, Wu Mi and Ye Gongchao, and was denounced as "too stupid" and "too lazy". It's a pity that he didn't see any arrogant words later and was soaked in the water.
Li Ao is in good shape now, but the Kuomintang can't grind him for the time being. If you don't like him, he will do the same to the Kuomintang. He said that if you want someone to admire you, just look in the mirror, but how many traitors can China produce? However, it is not easy to be an outspoken person in China.
Anecdotes of some people who are not modest are included in Tonghua Record. What is Tonghua Lu? -Joke book! In the future, someone will educate his son like this: "My son is good. When you are old, even if you have talent, remember never to do it. You treat the life of Tonghua Road as a joke! " China people will behave well, integrate into society and be modest. China looks down on boasters.
In my opinion, boasting is nothing, just like ancient women pestering their feet and calling them "big feet" when they meet normal feet. China people are used to "small talk", and when they meet normal feet, they are naturally called "big talk". Those who dare to talk big will come to no good end, scaring future generations from talking big to not talking.
Fortunately, Hu Shi died of illness, otherwise he would be angry when he saw this scene. As a result, people who don't talk big are accepted by society.
At this point, the cloth has absorbed water and is about to fall. So it involves the result of excessive immersion in society-crime.
The crime rate in the United States is the highest in the world. I have read many books that criticize and praise the United States. I have a bad impression of America, but one thing is worthy of recognition. No matter how rich an American child is, he can't be allowed to enter the cinema where pornography is shown. Do educators in China know that this is related to juvenile delinquency? If a minor is seriously polluted by society, it will-educators in China make a clear distinction between sex and crime. As can be seen from the article, there is no ancient Roman prophet in China, and there is a word in Latin called "Corpusdelieti", which is interpreted as "body, body" and "conditions of crime". It can be seen that the Romans realized very early that the body was the condition of crime.
Writing here, I suddenly found that the cloth had sunk to the bottom of the cup. A glimpse of human nature in Han Han's cup-argumentative essay, high school composition Maybe everyone is a humble emotional animal. We can't change the world, we can only change ourselves constantly, but God always doesn't want us to.
There is an old saying: when the sky descends on Sri Lanka, you must first suffer from its bones and muscles, starve its body and skin, suffer from its mind, empty its body, and mess with its actions, and then be patient and increase the uprising. I can only do nothing and stay in a small university to minor in my major, which is not my interest. I don't want to say it's fate. Fate is often in people's hands. Maybe I've heard that truth is in the hands of people, just this person. I don't want to be controlled by others, but we can only face social phenomena with the mentality of eating grapes.
Ambitious, just want to have a job that can cover my own expenses. I never thought I could change other people's lives. Your own destiny is not in your own hands, how can you control the fate of others? I am far from being so selfless and great. I'm far from being able to do it. I can only do it: I can help the world if I have money, and I can avoid poverty. We keep searching and searching, but we are all ignorant children. We have never been as smart as fools, nor have we ever been as smart as demons. Therefore, only a few people really master the truth. It's not a blockbuster. It's humiliating. He is just an ordinary teenager. There are not so many secrets that can't be told, and there are no sad stories. No, it's just that I haven't let go.
No one can understand the answer. After all, we are all members of this mortal world. Can we ordinary people see through the rolling world of mortals? Without the master's ability, we can only think alone and feel sad. Perhaps this is man's *, everything is desire, and it is always impossible without desire and demand, so we can only spend it like this.
Maybe human nature is simply eating and drinking Lazarus, hehe, who can tell? After all, I am not a Buddha, let alone a Buddha who does not cross me. I can only think quietly about this very headache in the corner of this world, which has caused intrigue between people, intrigue between people, and some people are evil, mostly because of interests. For the benefit, some people can betray their friends, their personalities and even their families.
These people who sell their souls for profit make this originally kind person have an ugly existence. It is because of interests that there is darkness in this originally bright world. This darkness is actually the darkness of human nature.
When Pangu began to create the world, the world was no longer turbid, but it was still lifeless. It was not until Nu Wa Niangniang created the creature of man that it became colorful.
Human beings, a unique creature, began to rule the world in the most primitive way, nourishing every land with its unique brilliance. This unique brilliance is the beauty of human nature.
5. How to write underachievers and underachievers, and how to transform underachievers' related papers. Every time I assign a composition, most students will cry, "I'm going to squeeze the text again!" " When will this pain last! "The teacher often corrects the composition and sighs:" There are so many bad articles! "Especially those pale essays are even more lamentable.
As we all know, the purpose of learning Chinese is to speak and write articles. How can I let go of any fragment of Baoyu? Therefore, it is imperative to transform the composition into an underachiever.
Now, I will talk about some practices in the past ten years. First, understand the reasons why there are so many underachievers in writing. There are many reasons, including subjective basic factors, attitude factors and objective factors. Therefore, in order to transform underachievers, we must first find out the reasons.
1, the essential factors of "composition" What we usually think of as "composition" is a good article with both literary talent and aesthetic feeling, which can be published in newspapers and even comparable to great writers. Therefore, composition is "steep" and "peak" in the eyes of ordinary people.
This understanding is one-sided. The definition of "composition" in Modern Chinese Dictionary is: "Writing an article (refers to students practicing writing)."
It can be seen that the essence of composition is to write an article and express your feelings in an informal way. It's not unattainable, it's just a student's exercise, and it doesn't need too much rigor. It allows for flaws.
2. Students' own factors Primary school students have just been involved in the world, and their reading, knowledge and emotional accumulation are shallow, and they rarely participate in activities. Therefore, the attitude of the composition is "be a monk for a day and bump into a bell for a day-muddle along."
It is difficult to disobey the teacher's orders, and it will be over in a few words. As for the "aftermath", it has its own teacher! 3. Teachers' evaluation factors Teachers are also one of the factors that hinder students' composition. Teachers abuse their "authority", and all activities must be written in disorder and practiced in disorder. No matter whether students feel or not, they just go their own way.
When evaluating students' compositions, criticize them to the end, praise them in moderation, and grade them in moderation, so that those students with obstacles often "slide down" or even slide into the abyss. 2. Ignite Hope Psychology once said: "Students with psychological barriers will definitely affect the learning effect."
"Motivation is the internal driving force that directly promotes students' enthusiasm for learning. "The same is true of composition.
Therefore, no matter what causes these underachievers, in order to transform them, we must first stimulate their writing motivation and activate their desire to improve their composition. In my current class, some students in the class are not active enough, especially in composition, and are forced to write only one or two sentences, and sometimes even "say nothing".
Faced with this situation, I designed activities such as the essay Why He Hit a Wall, the drama Uncle Wang, the Treasure of the Company, and making up stories, so that students can realize from the positive and negative characters in a relaxed and humorous atmosphere that the society in 2 1 century needs talents who can speak and write. Their desire to learn was ignited and they vowed to improve their writing level, which laid a strong ideological foundation for improving their writing level.
3. The right medicine 1, as the saying goes, "A clever woman can't cook without rice." The composition written by underachievers is empty and obscure.
The main reason is that the brain has no "grain reserves" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice". Individual underachievers don't work hard subjectively, and their reading faces are very small, like frogs in the well.
Therefore, in order to "cook for smart women", teachers should often deliberately convey some commonly used and easy-to-understand words to these students; Let them read and recite some beautiful works that are easy to read and remember, and on this basis, let them "imitate". In this way, underachievers can accumulate in reading and improve their composition methods and abilities in imitation.
Over time, why can't we make reading enjoyable and improve the writing level of underachievers? 2. Lay a solid foundation Those students whose writing is not vivid and specific have a poor general language foundation. Although they have the desire to improve their composition, they are often unable to do so! I remember that on the first day of school the year before last, a student handed in a short composition.
The original text is as follows: "Tomorrow is the day when my brother goes to school. My name is Zhou Xinxin. I am very happy, and so are my classmates. I got the heart book. I am very happy. Mom said, Xinxin, I will study hard this semester. I said, well, class, have you seen me? " From this passage, I can see that the problem of Zhou Xingxing's composition is not an ideological obstacle, but a fundamental obstacle.
For such students, teachers should give help according to the situation and help them tide over the difficulties. We can make up for the old, make plans with them, bring old textbooks and give them a clear requirement: "recite 50 words every day."
Break the typo mark with them; Then "practice", insist on writing one sentence every day, and gradually change from short sentences to long sentences. In this way, students with these basic obstacles will have a "solid foundation". 3. Learn to write about life. Xunzi said, "You can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps. If you don't accumulate a small stream, you won't become a big one. "
Lu You said, "What you write on paper is hard to understand. If you realize this, you should do it. " The ingredients should be the same.
There can be no beautiful articles without accumulation, and no articles with true feelings can be written without actual feelings. The content of underachievers' compositions is often behind closed doors. How to make them both literary and beautiful? They must learn to accumulate life, feel life and record life through diaries and other forms.
Underachievers feel that their ability to live is very weak. In order to let them learn to feel, teachers can carefully design some activities.
In the activities, we should "ignore" the top students and "pay attention" to the underachievers, let them play the leading role, let them feel life in real activities, let them feel the beauty of life in the boiling social life, and then guide them to express their feelings in words in time. Why worry about nothing to write about? Please look at a paragraph written by an underachiever in his diary after attending a class "design advertisement" competition: "How excited I am today! I am no longer the' hind leg' of the group, and finally I won the first prize. In the future, I will try my best to be a self-surpassing person! " How touching! Only in this way can we present the social life to the underachievers, let them know about life, and then guide them to record it, imperceptibly, without improving their composition level? 4. Enjoy success Suhomlinski said: The joy of success is a huge emotional force, which can promote children to study hard.