Because of the important role of Confucianism founded by Confucius in maintaining culture, Confucius Temple was valued by ancient emperors.
Its large number, high regulation and exquisite architectural technology and art are the most prominent types of ancient architecture in China and an extremely important part of our ancient cultural heritage.
2. Confucius Poetry: Confucius' Life Experience
According to textual research, Confucius' sixth ancestor was Kong, a doctor in the Song Dynasty and Fu, who was killed in the civil strife in the imperial court. His son Mu fled to Lu to avoid genocide. Kong settled in Lu and became a native of Lu.
Confucius' father is called Ge (a word, and Ge is a name), and his mother is called Yan Zhizai. Shu Lianggan was a famous warrior in Lu at that time. He made two military exploits and worked as a doctor in Qiaoyi. Shu married Shi first, gave birth to nine daughters and no children. He married another concubine and gave birth to a son named Bernie, also named Meng Pi. There was something wrong with Meng Pi's foot, and Shu was very dissatisfied, so he married Yan Zhizai again. At that time, Shu was 66 years old and Yan Zhizai was less than 20 years old.
Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) in 55 1 year BC (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu). Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain, they named it Qiuzi. When Confucius was three years old, he died, and the Confucius family became the world of historians. Historians are evil. Meng Pi's biological mother was abused by historians and died one year before her death in Shu. Confucius and his mother were not tolerated by historians, so Yan Zhizai, the mother of Confucius, had to move to Qufu Que with Confucius and Meng Pi, and her life was difficult. Confucius/kloc-died when he was 0/7 years old. Confucius/kloc-married the daughter of an official in the song dynasty at the age of 0/9. A year later, the official gave birth to a son. Zhao Gong sent someone to congratulate him. Confucius felt very honored and named his son carp, the word "Bo fish".
Confucius himself
In China's 5,000-year history, Confucius has the greatest influence on the Chinese nation's character and temperament. Confucius was an educator, thinker and half politician, but most importantly, he was a noble intellectual. He is upright, optimistic and enterprising, pursuing truth, goodness and beauty all his life and pursuing an ideal society all his life. His success and failure are related to his personality. His character has influenced China people for thousands of years, especially the intellectuals in China.
Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful.
When Confucius was 63 years old, he once described himself like this: "You forget to eat when you are angry, but forget your worries when you are happy. I don't know that my old age is coming. " At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it.
Be content with poverty
Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me". In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; If you don't take this road, you will accomplish nothing. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "A saint cannot learn, but never tires of teaching." Confucius learned that there was no teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. So he said, "A threesome must have a teacher."
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself.
help others
Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "A gentleman's beauty as an adult is not evil" and "Do your best until you die" are all his life principles. Confucius said, "Five out of ten, I am determined to learn; I am thirty years old; Forty without confusion; At the age of fifty, I knew my destiny; I am obedient at the age of sixty; I am still obedient at the age of seventy; I didn't cross the line. " This is Confucius' summary of all stages of his life.
3. Four aspects of knowledge about Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Confucius Temple, Confucius Holy House and the place where Confucius descendants live. Historically, descendants of Confucius were called "Duke of Feast".
As the western neighbor of the Confucius Temple, the Confucius House is quite large, and it is the largest mansion in China after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Confucius House, formerly known as Duke House of Feast, is located in the east of Confucius Temple in Qufu City.
It is the official and private residence of feast dukes in past dynasties. It was built in the first year of Bao (A.D. 1038).
It is the noble residence of China, second only to the Forbidden City, and is known as "the best in the world". Confucius House covers an area of more than 200 mu, with 463 halls and 9 courtyards. The layout is divided into three roads: East Road is the seat of ancestral temple, including newspaper office and pottery temple. West Road is the place where the Duke of Feast used to study, learn poetry, recite and receive visitors. There are a Chinese book hall and an Huai hall, and the north and south flower halls are the rooms of ordinary guests. The middle road is the main part of Confucius. It used to be a government office with three halls, six halls and four yamen, namely Gouhu, Baihu, Kongting and Qufu County.
The house in the back, and finally the Confucius Garden. Confucius House is a typical aristocratic manor in China's feudal society, which combines official residence with inner residence.
Covering an area of more than 240 mu, there are 463 buildings such as halls, halls, buildings and pavilions, which are divided into three roads: China, East and West. East Road is the home temple, West Road is the academy and Middle Road is the main building.
The west road is the living room courtyard, the east road is the family temple, and the middle road is divided into two parts, the former is the official residence and the latter is the residence. It is a classical building integrating official residence, family temple and living room. The official's son has three halls, six halls and four yamen.
The inner hall, including the front building, the front hall building and the back hall building, is the place where the duke's family activities are feasted. Until now, you can still see the luxurious furnishings and daily necessities of the 76th generation feast duke and Kong Decheng, the grandson of Confucius, in Taiwan Province. Located at the south gate of Qufu City, Shandong Province, the Confucius Temple is the first temple dedicated to Confucius. It was built in 478 BC, with the former residence of Confucius as the temple and the specifications of the imperial palace. It is one of the three ancient buildings in China and occupies an important position in the history of world architecture.
In addition, there are Confucius temples in Fuzhou, Beijing, Quzhou and Deyang. Temple [1] (Temple) is located at116 58' 30 "-35 36' 42" north latitude.
Confucius Temple in Qufu is a temple dedicated to Confucius. It is the first and model of more than 2,000 Confucius temples in China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore, the United States and other countries. It is said that the Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, and the year after the death of Confucius (478 BC), Lu Aigong converted its old residence into a temple. Since then, successive emperors have continuously sealed Confucius and expanded temples. In the Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi ordered an overhaul and expanded it to a modern scale.
There are nine courtyards in the temple, which are divided into left, middle and right roads along the north-south axis, with a longitudinal length of 630m and a lateral width of140m. There are more than 460 temples, halls, altars and pavilions, 54 doorways, 13 "Imperial Monument Pavilion" and more than 0/00 buildings. Shengji Temple, Ming Tombs Pavilion and Dacheng Hall display a large number of stone inscriptions. In particular, the Han stele preserved here is the largest in China, and there are also many treasures in previous dynasties. The number of steles is second only to Xi 'an stele forest, which is called the second stele forest in China.
Confucius Temple is the existing ancient architectural complex in China, second only to the Forbidden City. It is one of the three ancient buildings in China, and it is a model of large-scale temple architecture in ancient China. Kong Lin, Kong Lin is a national key cultural relic protection unit, formerly known as Zhishenglin, and is the cemetery of Confucius and his family.
Kong Lin is the graveyard of Confucius and his descendants. Located in the north of Qufu, covering an area of more than 3,000 mu.
It is the largest, longest-lasting and most intact clan tombs and artificial gardens in China. Kong Lin is a national key cultural relics protection unit, formerly known as Zhishenglin, and is the cemetery of Confucius and his family.
After Confucius died, his disciples buried him in Surabaya in the north of Lucheng. At that time, it was still a "tomb, not a grave" (there was no high soil uplift). During the Qin and Han Dynasties, although tombs were built very high, there were few cemeteries and only a few forest guards. Later, with the improvement of Confucius' status, the scale of Kong Lin became larger and larger.
Confucius Cemetery is a national key cultural relics protection unit, formerly known as Zhi Lin Sheng, and it is the cemetery of Confucius and his family. After Confucius died, his disciples buried him in Surabaya, north of Qufu. At that time, it was still a "tomb, not a grave" (there was no high soil uplift).
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, although tombs were built very high, there were few cemeteries and only a few forest guards. Later, with the improvement of Confucius' status, the scale of Kong Lin became larger and larger. Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty lived forever for three years (A.D. 157). Lu Hao repaired the tomb of Confucius Temple, built a sacred gate in front of the tomb, built a vegetarian village in the southeast, and swept several households in Wu primary school. At that time, Kong Lin was "only one hectare".
It was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that 600 trees were planted. During Song Xuanhe's reign, stone utensils were built in front of Confucius' tomb.
Kong Lin is located 2 kilometers north of Qufu County. It is the largest, longest-lasting and most intact clan tombs and artificial gardens in China. The forest walls are all made of gray bricks, three or four meters high and 7.3 kilometers long, covering an area of 3,000 mu. The ancient trees in the wall are towering and the forest is deep. According to legend, Confucius' disciples planted trees in the forest of their hometown, so there are many kinds of trees.
There are countless graves, stone tablets and stone ants in the forest. Besides the tombs and buildings of Confucius, Kong Li and Kong Ji, there are also the tombs of Kong Lingyi, Kong, Kong Wenshao and Kong. In addition to a number of famous Han Dynasty stone tablets being moved into Confucius Temple, there are inscriptions by great calligraphers of past dynasties such as Li Dongyang, Yan Song, Weng Fanggang, He, Kang Youwei, etc., so it has the reputation of forest of steles and is a treasure house of calligraphy art.
Confucius' famous aphorism 1 Learn while learning. Be sensitive to what you say. 3. Learning without thinking is useless. It is dangerous to think without learning. 4. People who don't believe or know what they can do. 5. Speak slowly, but be sensitive to what they can do. 6. Germany is not alone, but there must be neighbors. 7. Listen to what they say and see what they do. 8. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions. 9. So this gentleman 10. Stay away from ghosts and gods 1 1. There have been people who want to stand up, and there have been people who want to get in touch with people 12. In ancient times 13. Learn silently, never tire of learning and never tire of teaching 14. Ill-gotten wealth. I didn't know that old age was coming 16. There must be a teacher in a threesome, and the sentence is frank, a petty man is anxious and worried.. , 18. When it is cold, you will know that the pine and cypress wither after 19. The knower is not confused, the benevolent is not worried, and the brave is not afraid. . .