The first guideline about Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum:

Dear friends, when you come to a famous historical and cultural city, you must want to visit the most famous and unique local attractions. When you arrive in Nanjing, if you don’t go to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, it can be said that you have only seen half of Nanjing. Although Nanjing is known as the "ancient capital of six dynasties" and has many scenic spots and historic sites such as the "Forty Scenes of Jinling", Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is undoubtedly the most attractive and famous one among them.

Speaking of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, of course we must mention its owner - Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution. Mr. Sun’s real name is Sun Wen, and his courtesy name is Yixian. Foreign friends all call him "Dr. Sun Yat-sen". Because he used the pseudonym "Zhongshan Qiao" when he was engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan, he was respectfully called Mr. Sun Yat-sen in China. Sun Yat-sen was born on November 12, 1866, in a peasant family in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County, Guangdong (now Zhongshan City). He rarely had great ambitions and studied in Honolulu, Hong Kong and other places. After graduation, he practiced medicine in Guangzhou, Macau and other places. Later, he gave up medicine and entered politics, and in 1905 he organized the China League in Japan. He was elected as the leader and put forward the famous program of "driving out the captives, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and equalizing land rights", as well as the concept of "nation, civil rights, and people's livelihood". The Three People's Principles. After the Wuchang Uprising broke out on October 10, 1911, Mr. Sun was elected as the interim president of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces, and was sworn in in Nanjing on New Year's Day of the following year. Since then, he has experienced ups and downs such as "Yuan Shikai's theft of the country", "the second revolution", "the national protection movement" and the "law protection movement". In 1921, he took office as the very president of the Republic of China in Guangzhou. At the First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang held in Guangzhou in January 1924, he developed the old Three People's Principles into the new Three People's Principles and proposed the three major policies of "alliance with Russia and Japan to support agriculture and industry." In November of the same year, he fell ill at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang and went north to discuss national affairs. He eventually became ill due to overwork and died in Beijing on March 12, 1925.

The tomb site of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was chosen by Mr. Sun during his lifetime. The view here is wide and the weather is majestic. It is indeed a good place to build a mausoleum. You may ask; Mr. Sun was born in Guangdong and died in Beijing. He traveled all over the country for the revolution throughout his life. Why did he choose Nanjing as his final resting place?

It is said that as early as 1912, Mr. Sun took office. When he was the interim president, the abbot monk of Linggu Temple once recommended to him this geomantic treasure land with "Pingchuan in the front and green mountains in the back". On March 31 of that year, Mr. Sun Yat-sen resolutely resigned as president in order to seek peaceful reunification of the North and the South. One day in early April, he, Hu Hanmin and others went hunting in the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum area and came to rest where the mausoleum is now. Mr. Sun looked around and said to those around him, "When I die, I would like to ask the people for this piece of land for my burial." Of course, the imposing Feng Shui of Purple Mountain was not the fundamental reason for Mr. Sun’s decision. Before his death, Mr. Sun asked: "After I die, I can be buried at the foot of Zijin Mountain in Nanjing. Because Nanjing is the place where the provisional government was established, I will not forget the Revolution of 1911." Therefore, although Mr. Sun did not stay in Nanjing for a long time, Nanjing It is of special significance to Mr. Sun. Fundamentally speaking, he chose the Purple Mountain in Nanjing as the site of his tomb to commemorate the Revolution of 1911 and inspire his revolutionary colleagues.

In order to respect Mr. Sun’s last wish, the Sun Yat-sen Funeral Preparatory Office composed of Mrs. Sun, Soong Ching Ling, Sun Ke and others made an on-site inspection, selected the mausoleum site, allocated 2,000 acres of land to build the tomb, and published the prize in the newspaper , soliciting mausoleum design plans. Among the many applicants, the bell-shaped pattern designed by young architect Lu Yanzhi was unanimously awarded the first prize, and he himself was hired to oversee the entire project. On the first anniversary of Mr. Sun's death on March 12, 1926, a foundation laying ceremony was held. After more than three years and a cost of 1.5 million silver dollars, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was finally completed in the spring of 1929. It is regrettable that Lu Yanzhi, a talented young architect who studied in the United States, worked hard and devoted himself during the construction of the mausoleum. Unfortunately, like Mr. Sun, he suffered from liver cancer and died of illness near the end of the project at the age of 35. The enshrinement ceremony was held on June 1, 1929, and Mr. Sun's body was transported from Beijing to Nanjing. Since then, Mr. Sun has been sleeping here for more than 60 years.

The construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum can be said to be a major event in the history of Nanjing city construction. In order to welcome Mr. Sun's spiritual shu, Nanjing built the first asphalt road - Zhongshan Road, which starts from Zhongshan Pier in the west and ends at Zhongshan Gate in the east, which is 24 miles long. To this day, Zhongshan Road is still one of the most important traffic arteries in Nanjing. At the same time, the Ming Dynasty city gate Chaoyang Gate was renovated and renamed Zhongshan Gate. A cemetery road was also built between Zhongshan Gate and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Just as Parisians are proud of the Champs Elysées and New Yorkers are proud of Fifth Avenue, Nanjing people are most proud of their city's beautiful boulevards. This 3-kilometer-long Cemetery Road is undoubtedly the best representative of Nanjing’s boulevards. On both sides of this "shady corridor", Nanjing's most important street tree - Wutong - is planted. People are accustomed to calling it the French plane tree, but tracing back to its origins, it is China's "native specialty". It was only because the French transplanted it from Yunnan to the French Concession in Shanghai that it got the name it has now, which is a combination of earth and foreign countries.

The car exits Zhongshan Gate and drives along Cemetery Road, ending at the half-moon square in front of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.

Everyone, please look south. Directly south of the square is an octagonal stone platform. The red copper tripod with two ears and three legs on the stage weighs 5,000 kilograms, is 4.25 meters high, and has an abdominal diameter of 1.23 meters. It is one of the commemorative decorations of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. This tripod was cast in the autumn of 1933 and donated by all the teachers and students of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou and Dai Jitao. The three words "wisdom, benevolence and courage" are cast on one side of the tripod, which is the motto of Sun Yat-sen University. There is a hexagonal bronze plaque inside the tripod, with the full text of "The Classic of Filial Piety" written by Dai's mother engraved on it.

Going up the steps from the square, you are faced with a sky-high stone archway with four couplets and three gates. This archway was built from 1931 to 1933 and is 12 meters high and 17.3 meters wide. Large pieces of Fujian granite were used to build the square, but the traditional Chinese wooden structure was adopted. When everyone looks up, they can see the shining golden word "fraternity" in the middle of the forehead. These two characters are in Mr. Sun's handwriting and originally came from the phrase "fraternity is benevolence" in Hanyu's "Yuan Dao" of the Tang Dynasty. It is said that Mr. Sun loved these two words as gifts during his lifetime. Mr. Sun devoted his life to the bourgeois democratic revolution with a great spirit of fraternity and fought endlessly for the independence and freedom of the nation. It can be said that the word "fraternity" is a high summary and best portrayal of his life.

Walking forward from Boai Square, there is a tomb passage that is 480 meters long and tens of meters wide. The overall design of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum highlights the traditional Chinese style, is solemn and unique. In order to reflect the greatness of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum followed the ancient practice of building a mausoleum close to the mountain and built the tomb at the highest point of the whole mausoleum, about 160 meters above sea level. In addition, the architectural vegetation in the entire mausoleum area adheres to central axis symmetry, giving people a sense of legality and solemnity. Please look forward and go up the slope toward the north. There are buildings such as the mausoleum gate, stele pavilion, sacrificial hall, and tomb chamber behind the sacrificial hall. The cedars, junipers, ginkgo and red maples on both sides of the tomb passage face each other, replacing the stone figures and beasts commonly used in ancient times, symbolizing Mr. Sun's revolutionary spirit and noble character. Cedar is one of the four largest ornamental tree species in the world and has now become the city tree of Nanjing.

At the end of the tomb passage is a platform. According to Lu Yanzhi's design, the entire mausoleum is in the shape of a "wooden duo". Duo is what we usually call a big bell block. In ancient times it was used to announce political and religious laws and war orders. Duo's voice is loud and can be heard far and wide, which has the metaphorical meaning of "making the world enlightened." The choice of such a pattern for the mausoleum reminds people of Mr. Sun's famous saying that "the revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still need to work hard", and its intention is also to warn future generations. The platform square here is the lower edge of the "Liberty Bell" designed by Lu Yanzhi. This magnificent three-arch gate is the official beginning of the mausoleum area. It is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. It is also made of Fujian granite. On the banner of the middle gate is Sun Yat-sen's handwriting "The world is for the public", which comes from "The journey of the great road, the world is for the public" in "Book of Rites. Liyun", which means that the state power does not belong to any one family, but to the people of the world. The world of the people, the world of the common people. This is the ideal that Mr. Sun has strived for throughout his life, and it is also an excellent explanation of the Three People's Principles he advocated.

After passing the mausoleum gate is the stele pavilion. On the 9-meter-high monument in the center of the pavilion is engraved with 24 large gold characters that read "The Chinese Kuomintang buried Mr. Sun here on June 1, the 18th year of the Republic of China" handwritten by Kuomintang veteran Tan Yankai. When we first discussed erecting a monument, it was planned that Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin and others would write inscriptions, epitaphs, etc. respectively. But it took me two years to write it down. Everyone believed that Mr. Wang's ideological achievements could not be summarized in words, so they simply did not write the inscription and used the current form instead.

Coming out of the stele pavilion, you are faced with layers of stone layers. Nanjing people often say that the steps of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum are like the stone lions of Marco Polo Bridge - countless. Therefore, visitors who come here often ask: How many steps are there in Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum?

Dear friends, how about counting them?

Coming to the nearby On the top platform, you can see a pair of large bronze tripods, engraved with the words "Feng'an Dadian", which were donated by the Shanghai Municipal Government at that time. If you look carefully, you will find that there are two holes under the tripod on the left. Why is this happening? It turns out that this was caused by the shelling of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum when the Japanese army captured Nanjing in late 1937. These two holes were the bullet holes left at that time. Although times have changed, these two bullet holes still remind us never to forget our national humiliation. Not far from here, there is a pair of antique bronze tripods, which were presented by Mr. Sun's son, Sun Ke, and his family.

Climbing up the stairs, we finally reached the top. From here you can not only get a bird's eye view, but also enjoy a distant view. Standing here, leaning against the majestic Zhongshan Mountain, listening to the waves of pine waves, I feel that the great man's awe-inspiring righteousness coexists with nature. The memorial hall is located halfway up Zhongshan Mountain. There are 392 steps from Boai Square to the memorial hall, with a height difference of about 70 meters and a horizontal distance of 700 meters. For example, counting from the stele pavilion, there are 290 steps. In order to avoid monotony, the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 sections, each with 1 platform, for a total of 10 large and small platforms. What's even better is that when you look up from the bottom, you can see the stone steps are continuous and there is no platform; but when you look down now, you can't see the steps but only the platform. This number of 392 is not a coincidence, but a metaphor for the 392 million compatriots in China at that time. Along the way, "the high mountains stop and the scenery stops", and I can't help but feel admiration for Mr. Zhongshan.

What everyone is facing now is the sacrificial hall and tomb chamber, which are the main parts of the mausoleum. At that time, Lu Yanzhi supervised the construction of this place, but he died of a terminal illness, which often made future generations lament that "he died before he left the army."

The sacrificial hall is a palace-like building with a wooden structure, 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meters high. It is surrounded by small fortress-like buildings and guarded by two Chinese watches with a height of 12.6 meters. The roof of the memorial hall has double eaves and nine ridges, covered with blue glazed tiles, and the exterior walls are entirely made of Hong Kong granite. On the forehead of the memorial hall are the Chinese characters "nation", "people's livelihood" and "civil rights" in Chinese seal script. This is the most basic and general guiding ideology of Mr. Sun's revolutionary activities. Above the "People's Livelihood" door in the middle, there are four characters of "Heaven and Earth's Righteousness" written by Sun Yat-sen on the forehead.

Please follow me into the ceremony hall. The interior of the sacrificial hall is paved with white and black marble from Yunnan. There are 12 black stone pillars with a diameter of 0.8 meters in the hall, and black marble is embedded in the surrounding walls. You can see the full text of Sun Yat-sen's "Outline of the Founding of the People's Republic of China" written on the east and west walls. The entire sacrificial hall is based on black, white and blue, which are the traditional Chinese filial piety colors. The inner windows inlaid with stained glass show a different Western flavor under the sunlight. This style of combining Chinese and Western styles is consistent with Mr. Sun’s spiritual attitude of integrating Chinese and Western styles. In the center of the memorial hall is a full-length stone carved statue of Sun Yat-sen wearing a robe and mandarin jacket. The statue is 4.6 meters high and the base is 2.1 meters wide. This statue was carved from Italian white stone by Paul Alinsky, a world-famous French-Polish sculptor at the time, who was commissioned by the Sun Yat-sen Funeral Committee. It was transported from Paris to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in 1930, with a total cost of 1.5 million. franc. The six reliefs on the four sides under the seated statue are six fragments of Mr. Sun's revolutionary activities. They are "like holding a child in arms", "going abroad to propagate", "discussing revolution", "conferring seals from the Congress", "inspiring the deaf and enlightening" and "asking Yuan to protect the country".

Pass by the sacrificial hall and arrive at the tomb. There are two doors to the tomb. The first one is two red copper safety doors made in the United States. The door nails on the doors and the mythical beasts (pictures of peppers) on the copper rings are full of traditional Chinese characteristics. The lintel is engraved with the banner "Awesomeness lasts forever", which is taken from Sun Yat-sen's handwriting for the Huanghuagang Martyrs' Tomb. The second door is a single-leaf bronze door with seven seal characters "Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Tomb" written by Zhang Jingjiang engraved on it.

The tomb is a hemispherical closed building with a Western-style dome-shaped roof and mosaics inlaid with the Kuomintang emblem. The interior is round and paved with marble, about 18 meters in diameter and 11 meters high. The four walls are veneered with light red marble. The circular marble cenotaph in the center is 4.33 meters in diameter and 1.7 meters deep, surrounded by 1-meter-high white marble railings. On the tomb in Kueng Nei is a marble lying statue of Mr. Sun wearing a Chinese tunic suit. This statue was made by the Czech sculptor Gao Qi based on the image of Mr. Sun's body. Mr. Sun's copper coffin is placed about 5 meters below the lying statue. Why do the statues in the memorial hall wear long robes and mandarin jackets, but here they wear Chinese tunic suits? It turns out that there was a sharp conflict between the left and right factions in the Kuomintang. The right wing headed by Chiang Kai-shek advocated that the statues wear long robes and mandarin jackets, while the left advocated wearing Chinese tunic suits. The two factions disagreed, and each ended up doing his own thing, which resulted in the above situation.

Dear friends, whether Mr. Sun’s body is still in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is the question that every visitor here is most concerned about. In fact, since Mr. Sun's death, his body has indeed gone through hardships. When Mr. Sun passed away on March 12, 1925, his body was embalmed and temporarily placed in the Biyun Temple in Xiangshan, Beijing. In 1926, the warlord Zhang Zongchang, who was defeated by the Northern Expedition and fled to Beijing, attributed the failure to Mr. Sun's body suppressing his Feng Shui. So he planned to incinerate the body. Later, the patriotic general Zhang Xueliang sent troops to protect the body, and the body was preserved, but it had been corroded by the air. On May 28, 1929, the coffin was transported from Beijing to Pukou by Jinpu Railway, and arrived at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum on June 1. After the enshrining ceremony, the coffin was poured into Xiengzhong with cement. The tomb has a granite base and partition walls around it. There is a special nanmu mat under the copper coffin and a sealed crystal transparent plate on the coffin. During the public memorial ceremony, you could stand beside the stone wall and hold the railing to pay homage to Mr. Zhongshan's remains. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government prepared to transport the remains to Chongqing. Later in the War of Liberation, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to move the remains to Taiwan. However, blasting the tomb would inevitably damage the remains, so he was strongly discouraged by patriots in the engineering community and the leftists of the Kuomintang. So that the remains can be preserved safely to this day.

There is a door along the back walls of both sides of the square outside the memorial hall, leading to Tomb Castle Park. In the middle is the treasured roof of the tomb, which is in the shape of a bell. The back wall of the tomb is equipped with the "Historical Materials Exhibition of the Construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum". Nearly 200 pieces of precious historical materials show the construction of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and the process of enshrining Mr. Sun Yat-sen's body.

In addition to the main building of the mausoleum, there are also some memorial buildings and facilities around the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Including the Sutra Library, Music Stage, Guanghua Pavilion, Xingjian Pavilion, Yangzhi Pavilion, Liuhui Pavilion and so on. Most of them were built with donations from people from all walks of life and overseas Chinese friends after the dedication ceremony in 1929. In addition, Boai Pavilion, located on the top of Meihua Mountain, was built with donations from a Taiwanese compatriot and was completed on November 12, 1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr. Sun’s birth.

Dear friends, Mr. Sun Yat-sen fought for the revolution throughout his life and overthrew the feudal monarchy for more than two thousand years. In his later years, he adopted the three major policies of uniting Russia and the Communist Party to support agriculture and industry. He achieved great feats and won many victories. It has won widespread support and praise from progressive people at home and abroad. After liberation, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum received great attention from the country and was announced as a national cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in 1961.

Today, as one of the "Top 40 Tourist Attractions in China", Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives countless descendants of Yan and Huang from all over the world and international friends every year.

People come here to pay their respects and pay homage to Dr. Sun Yat-sen with reverence and admiration for his great spirit. Today, when the reunification of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait has become the general trend and the aspiration of the people, in the face of the current situation on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, the descendants of Yan and Huang at home and abroad sincerely look forward to the day when the motherland will be unified and prosperous. At that moment, if Mr. Sun Yat-sen had known knowledge under the spring, he would have smiled and slept forever.

Thank you all!

Essay about Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Guide word two:

I am almost unfamiliar with Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Due to the unfamiliarity and natural curiosity, I also thought of many splendid palaces. However, when walking around, I discovered that Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum has a unique scenery. Built against the mountains and hidden among the mountains and forests, it is extremely spectacular when viewed from the bottom up. The building is not gorgeous, but it gives people an inexplicable momentum and solemnity.

Walking on the steps, it seems to be clear. Dr. Sun Yat-sen wanted to build his tomb here during his lifetime, and later generations built this mausoleum for him according to his wishes. It seemed that he wanted to find a place of eternal peace for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, a great man who was constantly busy for China. Calm down.

Nestled in this lush tranquility is the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. The layout of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is like a big bell, which means "to arouse the people to build the Republic of China". Thinking back on how much contribution Mr. Sun Yat-sen made to the rejuvenation of the nation and the awakening of the people? There is a tall granite archway at the entrance of the mausoleum, with the two gold characters "fraternity" written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen on it. The word "fraternity" highlights Mr. Sun Yat-sen's broad mind and lofty ideals. Behind the stone square is the tomb passage. In front is the mausoleum gate, which is topped with blue glazed tiles. On the forehead of the gate are the four characters "The world is for the common good" written by Sun Yat-sen. The use of blue glazed tiles here has a certain meaning. Blue symbolizes the sky, and blue glazed tiles mean that the world is for the common good. This shows Dr. Sun Yat-sen's broad mind for the country and the people. Entering the stele pavilion, a stele about 6 meters high is engraved with large gold-plated characters: "On June 1, the 18th year of the Republic of China, the Chinese Kuomintang buried Mr. Sun here."

Starting from the archway and going up to the memorial hall, there are 392 stone steps and 8 platforms. Climbing so many stone steps is extremely difficult, but when everyone completes this long and steep stone step, they will definitely understand the meaning of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's instructions: "The revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still need to work hard." There are two Huabiao on the highest platform, followed by a sacrificial hall. There are three arches in the memorial hall, which are divided into "Nation", "Civil Rights" and "People's Livelihood". This is a palace-style sacrificial hall. The lintel of the memorial hall is engraved with the four words "Heaven and Earth are righteous" written by Sun Yat-sen, expressing the ideal of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's struggle. There is a marble seated statue of Mr. Zhongshan in the hall, which is lifelike and vivid. Here, we not only see Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s immortal achievements and hard struggle to overthrow the feudal monarchy for more than two thousand years, but also see Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s founding thoughts for China’s independence, prosperity, and grand ambitions. There are two tomb doors at the back of the hall, and the door frames are made of black marble. There is a banner with the words "The great spirit will last forever" handwritten by Mr. Zhongshan. The entrance is a circular tomb, with a long tomb in the center, above which is a white marble recumbent statue of Mr. Zhongshan. Visitors can surround the white marble railings and look down at the recumbent statue on the coffin. The sculptor shaped this statue according to the image of the body, which is very lifelike. The body of Dr. Sun Yat-sen is buried below. My heart is filled with only emotion and shock. The tall and solemn memorial hall made me strongly feel the greatness of Dr. Sun Yat-sen for the first time.

The trip to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum brought me not only the joy of enjoying the beautiful scenery, but also thinking about society, love for the nation, and respect for the leader. As a memory, it will be engraved in my heart forever.