harm of smoking
Smoking by pregnant women is harmful to themselves and their children.
According to the latest research, smoking during pregnancy is not only harmful to women's health, but also directly affects children's future behavior.
Dr Judith Brook, from MountSinai Medical College in new york, who led the research, said that the research results confirmed some previous views that children born to women who smoked during pregnancy were prone to lose their temper and even be prone to crime when they grew up.
The researchers surveyed some 2-year-old children and found that whether they have negative behaviors directly depends on how much their mothers smoke during pregnancy. The more mothers smoke during pregnancy, the more impulsive and angry children are, and they are often unwilling to listen to other people's persuasion.
The researchers finally suggested that mothers should not smoke during pregnancy for the sake of their children and themselves.
★ A cigarette shortens life 1 1 min.
According to a new study, smoking can shorten people's life span 1 1 minute. If you smoke a pack of 20 cigarettes a day, it may reduce people's life expectancy by about 3 hours and 40 minutes.
This estimate is based on people who started smoking at the age of 17 and died at an average age of 7 1 7. Suppose he smokes 15 cigarettes a day like the average British addict, he will consume 3 1 1688 cigarettes in his life. On average, smokers die six and a half years earlier than non-smokers.
A similar study decades ago concluded that every cigarette smoked would shorten life expectancy by five minutes. But since then, non-smokers have obviously enjoyed a longer life span, so the harm of cigarettes to life span has increased relatively.
At present, about one-third of people in Britain smoke, and about120,000 people die of smoking-related diseases every year, two-thirds of which are cancer and heart disease. Researchers hope that this new study will encourage more people to make up their minds to quit smoking at the dawn of the new century.
The host of a smoking cessation action group said that this figure shows that if a person smokes 20 cigarettes a day, it means that he will lose one day every week he smokes; If this is not bad enough, he warned, smoking may cause people to die painfully or stay in bed more frequently.
★ Smoking affects ulcer healing.
Many patients with peptic ulcer who have a hobby of smoking, despite long-term medication, the ulcer still does not heal. There may be many reasons, but smoking is one of the important factors.
Smoking has three main effects on ulcers:
1, increasing the incidence. Japanese scholars have found that the incidence of ulcer disease in smokers is 2-4 times that of non-smokers.
2. Reduce the cure rate. Someone made a comparison and gave the same medicine to two groups of ulcer patients. The cure rate of non-smoking group was 90%, while that of smoking group was only 63%.
3, easy to cause recurrence. Comparing the recurrence rates of patients in the above groups after one year of drug withdrawal, the smoking group was 84% and the non-smoking group was 53%.
★ "Secondhand smoke" is more harmful than tigers.
American medical researchers recently published a research report that passive smoking, commonly known as "second-hand smoke", is more dangerous than previously known. Some women who live with smokers are six times more likely to develop lung cancer than ordinary people.
Regarding the prevention of lung cancer, it is wisest to stay away from cigarettes and cigarettes. At the same time, not only try not to smoke, but also don't let yourself get "second-hand smoke". Even in public places, try to avoid smokers and avoid the harm of "second-hand smoke".
★ Smoking is more "bad" for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Many hazards of smog to human body include cerebrovascular diseases. According to a long-term survey, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases among smokers aged 30 to 40 is five times higher than that of non-smokers, and three times higher among those aged 50 to 60. Moreover, the number of people who died of cerebrovascular diseases is 2 to 6 times that of non-smokers, which is closely related to the amount of smoking.
Cigarettes contain more than 400 chemicals, many of which are closely related to cerebrovascular diseases. Including carbon monoxide. Long-term smokers' blood carboxyhemoglobin can be as high as 10% to 15%, thus reducing the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen and forcing bone marrow to produce too many red blood cells to make up for the deficiency. Erythrocytosis will increase blood viscosity. In addition, smoking can also increase adrenal gland secretion, which can promote platelet aggregation, which is also the reason for the increase of blood viscosity. The increase of blood viscosity makes the blood flow slow, in which red blood cells and platelets are easy to aggregate, blocking blood flow and causing ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
As we all know, cigarettes contain nicotine, which is also a stubborn killer of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Nicotine can make nerve endings and adrenal glands release adrenaline and norepinephrine, which makes blood vessels contract, thus increasing blood flow resistance, slowing blood flow and sinking easily. When blood vessels contract, the gaps between vascular endothelial cells expand, so that low-density lipoprotein enters the arterial endothelium through the expanded gaps, forming atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis is one of the risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases.
Each cigarette contains 0. 1 μ g to 0.2 μ g of metal cadmium, which can raise blood pressure. In addition, carboxyhemoglobin causes myocardial hypoxia, causing myocardial injury and cardiac function damage. These are also risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases.
Smoking is harmful to everyone, but beneficial to everyone. This is not an alarmist. 60% of adult men in China have a history of smoking, and there is a gradual increase trend, and it is developing to teenagers. It is not difficult to quit smoking. A survey of nearly 6.5438+0.6 million people by the American Association for Cancer Research shows that about half of smokers have successfully quit smoking once, and 95% of them have not taken any smoking cessation drugs.
★ Men who smoke are six times more likely to be infertile than men.
After analyzing the semen samples of men with normal fertility and infertile men, a medical research team from the National University of Singapore came to a conclusion that smoking will reduce the number of sperm and weaken individual sperm.
In the past, when the group studied male infertility, it only analyzed the sperm samples of infertile men, and did not analyze them with the sperm of normal men.
After comparing the sperm samples of 240 men with normal reproductive ability and 2 18 infertile men, the researchers found that smoking men with below-average sperm count are six times more likely to be infertile than non-smoking men.
The team also found that smoking men with normal sperm count are more likely to be infertile than non-smoking men with similar sperm count 16%. In other words, if smokers want to have children, it is not enough to rely on the normal sperm count.
Noel, a member of the research team, said that 50 years ago, men had an average of/kloc-0.3 billion sperm per mg of semen, but today, there are only 65 million sperm per mg.
Experts say that the small number of sperm is only one of the important signs of male infertility, and other factors include whether the mobility and shape of sperm are normal.
★ Male smoking is harmful to their quality of life.
Some bad hobbies can also cause male infertility, and smoking is one of them. Scientific research and clinical data show that people who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day for a long time, the sperm motility rate (vitality) is mostly below 50%, and the motility is also significantly reduced. However, the decline of sperm quality is more obvious among people who are full of alcohol and tobacco.
Canadian researchers say that men who smoke not only have lower sperm quality than men who don't smoke, but also have significantly lower sexual desire. In a questionnaire survey involving 290 couples, they asked respondents to answer their smoking habits, marriage history and sexual life, including the number of sexual lives and satisfaction. All the women in this survey do not smoke. However, in 158 couples, men smoke at least 30 cigarettes a day for more than 7 years.
The results show that smokers have sex seven times a month on average; Non-smokers 1 1.6 times a month on average. Moreover, the sexual satisfaction of non-smoking couples is significantly higher than that of smoking couples. If the highest score of sexual satisfaction is 10, then the score of non-smokers is 8.7 and that of smokers is 5.2.
In addition, the results of semen analysis show that compared with non-smokers, the sperm quantity, vitality and longevity of smokers are decreased, and the degree of influence is directly proportional to the number of years of smoking.
There are many harmful substances in tobacco, among which nicotine is particularly toxic, and its content in 1 cigarette is about 1 mg. Nicotine can inhibit the secretion of sex hormones and kill sperm. In the smoke condensate or urine extract of a large number of smokers, there are substances that induce cell aberration and inhibit the synthesis of lymphocyte deoxyribonucleic acid, which poison the spermatogenic epithelium of testis and reduce the quality of semen. Harmful substances in tobacco can also inhibit the secretion of testosterone, damage the arterial wall of penis, lead to erectile dysfunction, reduce sexual intercourse ability, and even make penis unable to erect. At the same time, tobacco toxins will hinder the combination of sperm and eggs, greatly reducing the chances of women getting pregnant.
Smoking can also form high-concentration air pollution in some areas, making wives and family members smoke "second-hand smoke", which not only affects fertility, but also shows that with the increase of father's smoking, the incidence of serious congenital malformation of babies will also increase. In view of the many hazards of smoking above, please quit smoking as soon as possible! Especially infertile patients.
Women lose their health and beauty because of smoking.
It is an indisputable fact that smoking is harmful to health. It will definitely not take special care of women, but will only hurt them more, because women are weaker than men.
Zhu, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a professor of respiratory medicine at Union Medical College Hospital, told the author: In the 1960s and 1970s, the proportion of women suffering from lung cancer was very small, but now the number of women suffering from lung cancer has increased significantly, mainly due to the surge in female smokers. Breathing has two kinds of hazards. 30% of chronic bronchitis and emphysema are caused by smoking.
According to experts, because women have the characteristics of reproductive system and bearing offspring, they are hurt more seriously than men. In other words, smoking harms men and is suitable for women. In addition, smoking also brings many harms to women:
Smoking will have a bad effect on the next generation's respiratory tract;
The risk of ectopic pregnancy among smokers is 40% higher than that of non-smokers.
Smoking women are 2.7 times more likely to suffer from infertility and 50% more likely to suffer from cervical cancer than non-smoking women.
Women who smoke for more than 20 years have an increased risk of breast cancer by 30%;
Smoking can also lead to premature aging of women: premature wrinkles in lips and corners of eyes, yellowing of teeth, rough skin, loss of elasticity and richness in appearance, and even long beard.
Smoking will also greatly enhance the possibility of dysmenorrhea, fragile bones, urinary incontinence and decreased breast milk secretion.
In addition, according to a survey published by China Medical Forum, pregnant women smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day, and the incidence of premature infants is 44.8%, which is twice that of non-smokers. According to the study of 10 by the Federal Center for Disease Control in the United States, 66.7% of babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy were born with a light weight of less than 2,500 grams. Even if such babies barely survive, they may become mentally retarded or demented. After investigating more than 60,000 female smokers, British scholars found that the probability of pregnant women smoking causing birth defects is much higher than that of ordinary people.
It's up to you to choose health and beauty or smoky and smart people.
★ Smoking and cancer
Smoking can cause about 85% of lung cancer deaths; 80% of patients with throat, pharynx, oral cavity and lip cancer died; 75% of esophageal cancer died; 45% of bladder cancer died; 30% of cervical and pancreatic cancer deaths and 20% of gastric cancer deaths. The cancer mortality rate of smokers is 2 times higher than that of non-smokers; The number of heavy smokers is more than four times.
Smoking not only causes cancer in direct contact parts (mouth, pharynx, larynx and lungs), but also causes cancer in distant parts. For example, almost 50% of male bladder cancer and kidney cancer deaths are caused by smoking, and the risk of bladder cancer and kidney cancer of smokers is 2-3 times higher than that of non-smokers. In the United States, 30% of the 4600 cervical cancer deaths each year are caused by smoking. Passive smoking (including polluted air) has also been proved to be a cause of cancer in non-smokers, especially harmful to children!
★ Smokers' spouses will consume more fat.
Researchers from Arizona State University pointed out at the 2000 annual meeting of experimental biology held in San Diego this week that the spouses of smokers consume far more total fat and saturated fat every day than the spouses of non-smokers.
After analyzing the nutritional data of 500 married couples from 1994 to 1996, these researchers found that non-smoking women who marry male drug addicts consume more fat from their diet than those who marry non-smoking men, while the intake of cellulose and vitamin A is lower. At the same time, men who don't smoke but marry female addicts have a worse diet structure. The survey results show that they not only consume more fat than men who marry non-smoking women, but also consume significantly more alcohol and cholesterol, but less vitamin A, cellulose and calcium.
For the reason of the above results, the researchers pointed out that part of the reason is that women are usually responsible for the family's diet arrangements, so if women smoke themselves, their spouses are more likely to show signs of poor diet than the spouses of smoking men.
The researchers said that the only solution is for the non-smoking spouse to publicly ask the other spouse to quit smoking, and on this basis, improve the family's diet structure, including reducing the number and quantity of drinking and eating more vegetables and fruits. Researchers believe that the improvement of diet structure is beneficial for both husband and wife to avoid a series of diseases such as cancer and heart disease.
Smoking after meals is harmful.
"A cigarette after a meal is better than a living fairy" is a famous saying of smokers. However, according to the research results, gastrointestinal peristalsis increases after meals, blood circulation is accelerated, and smoking ability is the strongest. At this time, when smoking a cigarette, the harmful substances in the cigarette are easier to enter the blood than usual, and the toxic amount is greater than the sum of 10 cigarettes smoked at ordinary times.
★ Smoking impairs male spermatogenesis.
Xinhua News Agency A medical study in Harbin recently found that smoking can seriously damage the spermatogenic function of male rats and greatly reduce the ability of sperm to conceive. This result provides an important clue for further study on the corresponding harm of smoking to men.
Zhang Cheng, a graduate student of urology in the First Medical College of Harbin Medical University, has been devoted to the study of the influence of smoking on male reproductive system. He put 20 male rats into a special poisoning jar and passively "enjoyed" high-grade cigarettes for 60 minutes every day (from 10 to 12 cigarettes each time). After 8 weeks, the testis and epididymis of 10 rats were taken out. Another 10 rats had their testicles and epididymis removed 48 days after quitting smoking. He decomposed testis and epididymis into single cells, and then used advanced flow cytometry to study the changes of DNA content in rat sperm at the molecular level. After anatomical comparison between two groups of smoking rats and normal rats, it was found that the maturity of spermatogenic cells and sperm DNA in the first group of 10 rats was much lower than that in the normal rats, while the spermatogenic function of other 10 rats who quit smoking only recovered from the previous 10 rats.
Zhang Cheng believes that the development of sperm is a subtle and perfect regulation process, and it is also a fragile change process, in which any link may be destroyed by toxins, leading to spermatogenesis disorders. Cigarette smoke contains more than 3,600 kinds of toxic chemicals and carcinogens and teratogens, which can easily interfere with the normal spermatogenesis of testis, leading to the decline of semen quality and sperm fertility. He warned men of childbearing age not to smoke.
★ Smoking is easy to infect pathogenic bacteria.
According to a medical report, smokers are more than four times more likely to be infected with meningitis, toxemia, pneumonia and ear diseases than others.
In the United States, due to this pathogen, 500,000 people get sick and more than 40,000 people die every year, which is also the main cause of child death.
Not only smokers will be harmed by these germs, but also non-smokers who smoke passively for only 1 hour every day will be infected with these germs, and the possibility of infection is 2.5 times higher than that of ordinary people.
Experts say that the more you smoke, the easier it is to get infected with these germs, especially people who drink alcohol. Children living in smokers' families are at greater risk of these diseases.
Smoking will seriously damage your health.
Tobacco smoke contains at least three dangerous chemicals: tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. Tar is a mixture of several substances, which will be concentrated into a viscous substance in the lungs. Nicotine is an addictive drug, which is absorbed by the lungs and mainly acts on the nervous system. Carbon monoxide reduces the ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to the whole body.
A person who smokes/kloc-0.5 to 20 cigarettes a day is four times more likely to develop lung cancer, oral cancer or laryngeal cancer and die than a non-smoker. The mortality rate of esophageal cancer is four times higher than that of non-smokers. The risk of dying from bladder cancer is twice as high; The risk of dying of heart disease is twice as high. Smoking is the main cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and chronic lung disease itself will increase the risk of pneumonia and heart disease, and smoking will also increase the risk of hypertension.
Oral cavity and throat
Cigarette smoke (especially the tar contained in it) is a carcinogen-that is, it can cause cancer in the tissues it touches, so cancer can occur in any part of the smoker's respiratory tract (including the mouth and throat).
★ Heart and arteries
Nicotine can make the heart beat faster and blood pressure rise. Tobacco smoke may be caused by carbon monoxide, which seems to promote the accumulation of atherosclerosis. This condition is one of the causes of many heart diseases. Heavy smokers are much more likely to die of a heart attack than non-smokers.
★ Poisons in cigarette smoke
There are many different substances in the smoke of cigarettes, cigars and pipes, among which the three most harmful substances are tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide, which are the chief culprits of many smokers' premature death.
Smoking women taking birth control pills will increase the risk of taking pregnant drugs. Pregnant women who smoke 15 to 20 cigarettes a day are twice as likely to have an abortion as non-smoking women, and are more likely to give birth to premature or weak children. The mortality rate of babies born to smoking women after childbirth is about 30% higher than that of babies born to non-smoking women.
There is also the so-called "clean smoking", or second-hand smoke, which will increase the chances of non-smokers getting lung cancer. Some brands of cigarettes have lower tar and nicotine content than others, but there are no completely "safe" cigarettes in the world. Therefore, it may not be helpful to switch to "light" cigarettes. A large number of habitual smokers usually develop the habit of taking a deep breath and increasing the number of cigarettes when switching to light cigarettes.
esophagus
Most smokers like to swallow a certain amount of cigarettes, so the digestive tract (especially the esophagus and pharynx) is at risk of cancer.
lung
Fine hairs arranged in the airway of the lung usually exclude hydrogen foreign bodies from the lung tissue. These villi will constantly sweep the particles in the lungs into phlegm or mucus and excrete them. In addition to causing cancer, the chemicals in tobacco smoke will gradually destroy some villi and increase mucus secretion, so there are chronic diseases in the lungs and bronchitis is also prone to infection. Obviously, the "smoker's cough" is due to the impairment of the mechanical efficiency of lung cleaning, so the amount of sputum has increased.
bladder
Bladder cancer may be caused by inhaling carcinogenic chemicals contained in tar, which are absorbed by blood and then sampled in urine.
Passive smoking is more harmful than tigers.
American medical researchers recently published a research report that passive smoking, commonly known as "second-hand smoke", is more dangerous than previously known. Some women who live with smokers are six times more likely to develop lung cancer than ordinary people.
After examining the tissues of 65,438+006 women living with smokers in Missouri, this study found that women with a gene mutation called "GSTMI" or lacking this gene are 2.6 to 6 times more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population. At present, the gene "GSTMI" is considered to inactivate carcinogens in tobacco. "Secondhand smoke" is more harmful than imagined. The researchers said that this study is currently a small-scale experiment and needs further confirmation and expansion. However, if this study is correct, the problem of environmental smoking is far more dangerous than previously known.
Lung cancer is considered as a civilized disease by the medical community, because its severity is constantly emerging with the progress of society. Since the 20th century, the incidence of lung cancer has greatly increased, and the growth rate is faster than other cancers. In the 1920s, there were only over 370 cases of lung cancer reported in the world, but by the 1950s, the number of people suffering from lung cancer in the United States alone was as high as 1830.
The culprit of lung cancer
From the early 1950s to the early 1970s, in just 20 years, male lung cancer increased by 65,438 0.22%, while female lung cancer increased by 65,438 0.77%. At present, it is estimated that there are 660,000 new cases of lung cancer in the world every year. Lung cancer is also one of the ten most common cancers among Singaporeans, especially men. Lung cancer patients rank in the top two or three among all cancers. As for the pathogenic factors of lung cancer, as early as the 1920s, the medical community put forward the relationship between smoking and lung cancer, but it was not until 1950s that British medical researchers conducted a large-scale investigation on 59,000 British doctors, which proved that smoking was the chief culprit of lung cancer from an epidemiological point of view.
★ Four "killing" methods of cigarettes
1. Tobacco oil
Unfortunately, it is difficult to give a clear and concise answer to what causes various uncomfortable reactions of the human body after smoking, but it is indeed related to cigarette oil. Smoke oil in cigarettes consists of thousands of chemical components, including various acids, ethylene glycol, ethanol, ketones, etc., as well as corrosive and toxic gases such as hydrogen oxide and carbon monoxide.
2. Carbon oxide toxins
Carbon monoxide gas accounts for more than 4% of cigarettes. Once it enters the lungs, it will invade red blood cells and replace oxygen. This poisonous gas will make the heart and other human tissues lack the necessary oxygen and promote the deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels.
3. Nicotine
Nicotine itself is a toxic substance, which can stimulate the brain and central nervous system at first, and then inhibit it.
It is reported that 654.38+0.5 billion people in the United States die from smoking every year.
If the loss of life is second, then many components of cigarettes are carcinogens, which is the most terrible. Research shows that 30% of cancer deaths can be attributed to smoking, especially lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, oral cancer and esophageal cancer. In addition, smoking can also lead to bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer and kidney cancer.
Among all kinds of cancers, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer are the most deadly. According to the report of the American Cancer Society, about 654.38+0.5 billion people die from smoking every year in the United States.
The evidence of smoking killing began in 195 1 year, and the British Medical Association conducted a questionnaire survey on its 34,000 members who were addicted to smoking. In the following ZO years, there were official records about these members changing their smoking habits and the causes of death. British doctors believe that smokers under the age of 45 have a higher risk of dying of heart disease 15 times than non-smokers. As far as lung cancer, respiratory diseases and stroke are concerned, the risk of death of smokers is at least three times that of non-smokers. Many other cancers and diseases are also related to smoking to some extent.
In short, it is not difficult to see that this extensive and detailed research report strongly shows that it is not unreasonable to oppose smoking with the number and time span of patients recorded.
★ Smoking can easily lead to sudden death.
The so-called sudden death is sudden death and sudden death. It refers to sudden, unexpected and non-human death caused by cardiac arrest, and the time from onset to death of patients often does not exceed 1 hour. In the United States, about 400,000 people die of sudden visceral death every year, of which 70% are caused by heart disease.
After 12 years of research, scholar Framingham found that the probability of sudden death of smokers due to coronary heart disease is more than four times higher than that of non-smokers, and the incidence of sudden death is directly proportional to the number of cigarettes smoked every day. The follow-up study found that the rate of sudden death turning negative in the smoking cessation group was 65438 09%, while that in the continuing smoking group was 27%, with significant difference. Quitting smoking can reduce the recurrence rate of sudden death.
Experts pointed out that smoking can easily lead to sudden death because harmful substances such as nicotine and carbon monoxide in smoke can easily induce coronary artery spasm, thus causing myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, leading to unstable myocardial electrical life activities. At the same time, nicotine and carbon monoxide can lower the threshold of myocardial ventricular fibrillation, which is more likely to cause ventricular fibrillation. In addition, it can also promote the hyperfunction of platelet aggregation and easily form intra-arterial thrombosis. These factors all contribute to the occurrence of sudden death. Therefore, smoking is an important risk factor of sudden cardiac death, and quitting smoking is one of the important measures to prevent sudden cardiac death.
★ The lethality of nicotine
1 Nicotine in cigarettes can kill a mouse.
Nicotine in 25 cigarettes can poison a cow.
40-60 mg of nicotine can poison people.
About 6,543,800 people in China die of diseases caused by smoking every year, ranking first in the world.
The mortality rate of lung cancer in China ranks first in the world, increasing by 4.5% every year.
The incidence of coronary heart disease in smokers is four times that of non-smokers.
53.6% of non-smokers are harmed by passive smoking.
A pack of cigarettes a day is about one year in 800 yuan, and nearly ten thousand yuan in ten years.
★ The Three Harms of Smoking
Tobacco contains more than 20 kinds of toxins after burning, and nicotine is the most harmful to life. In this respect alone, smoking has three major hazards:
1, which can kill directly.
Some people have obtained the following amazing results through animal experiments: even a big horse can't stand nicotine injections for 8 times and will soon die; A lively dog can be killed without injecting a drop of nicotine into the vein; In addition, after smoking for a long time, some animals can find that there is an obvious trend of vasoconstriction and even hardening.
2, it can destroy the nutrients of the human body.
Smoking will hinder the absorption of vitamin C. Nicotine has a direct destructive effect on vitamin C. If the human body lacks vitamin C for a long time, there is the possibility of scurvy.
3, can induce a variety of diseases.
Because the smoke inhaled in the body has a malignant stimulating effect on respiratory tract, digestive tract and other organs, some people think that it is an inducing factor for gastric and duodenal ulcers, respiratory tract infections, and even cancers such as mouth, lips, tongue, esophagus and respiratory tract.
From this point of view, smoking is harmful to human health. So try to quit smoking or smoke less. Non-smokers had better not get into this hobby.